PUMPS

Transferring the Fluids by increasing the pressure.

HOW WE CAN SELECT A PUMP?

Amount of the fluid The fluid properties Head required Type of the flow Power supply Cost compared to efficiency

WORKING PRINCIPLE AND FEATURES

Fixed volume cavity opens Fluid trapped in the cavity through an inlet Cavity closes, fluid squeezed through an outlet A direct force is applied to the confined liquid Flow rate is related to the speed of the moving parts of the pump The fluid flow rates are controlled by the drive speed of the pump In each cycle the fluid pumped equals the volume of the cavity Pulsating or Periodic flow Allows transport of highly viscous fluids Performance almost independent of fluid viscosity Develop immense pressures if outlet is shut for any reason, HENCE Sturdy construction is required Pressure-relief valves are required (avoid damage from complete shutoff conditions)

DYNAMIC PUMPS
WORKING PRINCIPLE AND FEATURES
Add somehow momentum to the fluid (through vanes, impellers or some special design. Do not have a fixed closed volume. Fluid with high momentum passes through open passages and converts its high velocity into pressure.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Centrifugal Pumps: Construction Details and Working
1. A very simple machine 2. Two main parts A rotary element, IMPELLER A stationary element, VOLUTE Filled with fluid & impeller rotated Fluid rotates & leaves with high velocity Outward flow reduces pressure at inlet, (EYE OF THE IMPELLER), more fluid comes in. Outward fluid enters an increasing area region. Velocity converts to pressure.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER

1. EFFECT OF DENSITY Pump head reported in ft or m of that fluid important These characteristic curves, valid only for the liquid reported Same pump used to pump a different liquid H and would be almost same. OR. A centrifugal pump will always develop the same head in feet of that liquid regardless of the fluid density However P will change. Brake HP will vary directly with the liquid density 2. EFFECT OF VISCOSITY Viscous liquids tend to decrease the pump Head, Discharge and efficiency tends to steepen the H-Q curve with Viscous liquids tend to increase the pump BHP.