CE 201 - STATICS

Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil

Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
18
1
34
EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGHD BODY
It is necessary and sufficient for the equilibrium of rigid body that the resultant
of all forces acting on the body is zero and that the resultant of all moments
taken about any point inside or outside the body is zero.
0
~
F
~
= E
0
~
M
~
= E

= E
= E
= E
0
0
0
z
y
x
M
M
M
O
x
F
R

M
R

M
C

M
F

O
M
C

&





= E
= E
= E
0
0
0
z
y
x
F
F
F ...
...
...
...
...
...
1
F
~
i
F
~
n
F
~
i
F
~
n
F
~
1
F
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Support for Rigid Bodies Subjected to Two-Dimensional Forces System.
Table 5 - 1
Type of Connection Reaction Numbers of Unknowns
One unknown. The reaction is the tension force which
acts away from the member in the direction of the cable
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
along the axis of the link.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the slot.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
Rocker
Roller or pin in confined smooth slot
Roller
Weightless Link
Cable
CE 201 - STATICS
Member fixed
connected to
collar on smooth rod
Support for Rigid Bodies Subjected to Two-Dimensional Forces System.
Table 5 - 1
Type of Connection Reaction Numbers of Unknowns
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the rod.
Two unknown. The reaction are two components of
force, or the magnitude and its direction | of the resultant
force. Note that | and u are not necessarily equal.
(usually not, unless the rod shown is a link as in (2)).
Two unknowns. The reactions are the couple moment
and the force which acts perpendicular to the rod.
Three unknowns. The reaction are the couple and the
two forces components, or the couple and the magnitude
and direction | of the resultant force.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
Fixed support
Smooth pin or hinge
Member pin connected to collar on smooth rod
Smooth contacting surface
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
18
3
36
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
EQUILIBRIUM IN 2-DIMENIONS
F
By
F
Bx

F
B

B
A
D
C
F
c

O
M
o

F
y

F
x

FOR EQUILIBRIUM
O M
O F
O F
z
y
x
= E
= E
= E
..(1)
..(2)
..(3)
R
Ax

R
Ay

F
cy

R
Dy

CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
19
1
37
EXAMPLE
Determine the support reaction in the beam (ABCD).
Consider beam weight equals 50N.
A
C

4
3
5
100
N

B
3
m

2
m

5
m

D
X
A
B
C D
R
Ax

R
Ay

60
N

80
N

50
N
R
Dy

SOLUTION
First we draw FBD for beam (ABCD)
+
(1)
(2)
Solve (1) & (2)
R
Dy
= 49
N
( | ) R
Ay
= 81
N
( | )
+
100 7R 3R -
0 7 R 2 50 3 R
0 M
130 R R
0 R 50 80 R
0 F
) ( 0 6 R
0 60 R
0 F
Dy Ay
Dy Ay
B
Dy Ay
Dy Ay
y
N
Ax
Ax
x
= +
= +
= E
= +
= +
=
=
= +
= E
a
|+
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
19
2
38
A
B
C D
R
Ax

R
Ay

60
N

80
N

50
N
R
Dy

ALTERNATE SOLUTION I
SOLUTION
=
+
=
= +
=
=
+
=
=
=
= = +
=
N
Ay
Ay
D
N
Dy
Dy
A
N
Ax Ax
x
81
10
560 250
R
0 10 R 7 80 5 50
0 M
) ( 49
10
240 250
R
0 3 80 5 50 10 R
0 M
) ( 60 R 0 60 R
0 F
+
+
+
CONCLUSI ON
0 M
0 M
0 F
D
A
x
=
=
=
One force equation
and two moment
equations on a line
not to the force
direction.
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
19
3
39
A B
C D
R
Ax

R
Ay

100
N

50
N
R
Dy

+
4
m

E
4
3
5
3
m
2
m
5
m

ALTERNATE SOLUTION II
CONCLUSI ON
0 M
0 M
0 M
E
D
A
=
=
=
Three moment
equations taken
at three points not
on a straight line.
) ( 60
4
240
4
250 490
R
0 4 R 5 50 10 49
0 M
) ( 81 R
0 M
) ( 49 R
0 M
N
Ax
Ax
E
N
Ay
D
N
Dy
A
=

=
+
=
= +
=
| =
=
| =
= +
+
+
CE 201 - STATICS
Given:
k
A
= k
B
= 15
kN/m

Required:
Ac = ?
40 H 9.8 = 392
N

A B
C
40
kg

392
N

1
m
3
m

R
A
=K
A
A
A
R
B
=K
B
A
B

A
C
0.1045
m

0.0784
m

m
C
C
m
A
A
A
A A B
y
m
B
B B
A
0.6532
3
0.1045 -
1
0.1045 0.0784
0.0784
15000
1176
k
R
1176 R 0 392 R R
0 F
1568 0.1045
15000
4 392

0 4 392 1 k
0 M
=
=
+
= = = A
= =
=
= =

=
=
=
N
N
B
R
+
+|
A
A
A
B
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
20
2
41
TWO FORCE MEMBERS:
OR
THREE FORCE MEMBERS:
A
F
~
A
F
~
A
F
~
A
F
~
A
F
~
B
F
~
B
F
~
B
F
~
B A
F
~
F
~
=
A
B
B
A
B
A
B
F
~
A
F
~
B
F
~
A
F
~
C
F
~
C
F
~
0 F
0 F
y
x
= E
=
O
B
A
C
C
F
~
A
F
~
B
F
~
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
DISTRIBUTED LOADING
A) Uniform Distributed Loading:
B) Linear Distributed Loading:
C) Trapezoidal Distributed Loading:
6
m

3
m

6
m

4
m

5
N/m
30
N

45
N

15
N/m

10
N/m

60
N
30
N

20
N/m

6
m
4
m

3
m

CE 201 - STATICS
Given: Beam ABC
Required: Find Reactions
) ( 40 80 40 R
0 40 100
5
4
R
0 F
) ( 30 60 30 R
0 30 100
5
3
R
0 F
100 R
400 4R
0 10 40 5 R
5
4
0 M
kN
Ay
Ay
y
kN
Ax
Ax
x
kN
B
B
B
A
+ = =
= +
=
= =
= +
=
=
=
=
=
a
3
2
d
2
a
d
2
d
2
a
0 )
2
d
2
a
( W )
2
a
(d W
0 M
o
=
=
= +
= +
+
( )

+
+|
50
kN

3
4
5
m

5
m

3
m

4
m

5
m
A
B
D
C
B C A
5
m

3
4
R
B

R
Ay

R
Ax

40
kN

30
kN

R
B

R
D

3
m

4
m

Two Force Member
R
B
= R
D
d
D/2 D/2
W
a
o
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
21
1
42
Use vector algebra in the two vector equations :
0
~
M
~

0
~
F
~

=
=
. . . . Three scaler equations

. . . . Three scaler equations
Solve for (6) unknown components.
Type of Constraints (Support):
A - STATICALLY DETERMINATE
No. of Unknowns = No. of Equations

B - STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
No. of Unknowns > No. of Equations

C - STATICALLY UNSTABLE
No. of Unknowns < No. of Equations
Also check for Improper Constraints
M
F
CE 201 - STATICS
Q.
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Determine the support reaction of beam ABCD ?
3
m
4
m

B
D
C A
2
m

w = 15
N/m

3
4
50
N

3
m
4
m

2
m

R
Ax

R
By
R
Ay

A B C
60
N
40
N

30
N

60
N m

Free body Diagram
A.
Draw F.B.D.
Transfer the (50N) force from point (D) to point (C)
) ( 85
4
340
R
340 60 280 120 4R
0 60 70 40 4 R 2 60
0 M
) ( 30 R
0 30 R
0 F
N
By
By
By
A
N
Ax
Ax
x
| =
=
= + =
= + +
=
=
=
=
+
) ( 15
40 85 60 R
0 40 85 60 R
0 F
N
Ay
Ay
y
| =
+ =
= +
| + =
+
CE 201 - STATICS
Support for Rigid Bodies Subjected to Three-Dimensional Forces System.
Table 5 - 2
Type of Connection Reaction Numbers of Unknowns
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts away
from the member in the direction of the cable.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
One unknown. The reaction is a force which acts
perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.
Three unknowns. The reactions are three rectangular
force components.
Four unknowns. The reactions are two force and two
couple components which act perpendicular to the shaft.
Cable
smooth surface support
Roller on a smooth surface
Ball and socket
Single journal bearing
CE 201 - STATICS
Support for Rigid Bodies Subjected to Three-Dimensional Forces System.
Table 5 - 2
Type of Connection Reaction Numbers of Unknowns
Five unknowns. The reactions are three force and
two couple components.
Five unknowns. The reactions are three force and
two couple components.
Five unknowns. The reactions are three force and
two couple components.
Six unknowns. The reactions are three force and
three couple components.
Single thrust bearing
Single smooth pin
Single hinge
Fixed support
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
1m
1.5m
4m
D
A
C
B
y
x
z
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
A
0.3m
0.2m
0.6m
0.5m
1m
0.5m
100 kg
C
B
E
D
x
y
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
z
x
y
A
C
B
3ft
3ft
4ft
6ft
D
E
R
Az

R
Ax

8ft
4ft
R
Ay

T
CD

T
CD

T
CE

CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
TRUSSES
Chep. 6
A truss is an assembly of prismatic
members connected at their ends
by smooth pin.Forces can only be
applied at such connections (joints)
Simple truss:
Assumptions for Analysis & Design:
1- Loading and reactions are applied
at joints (nodes) only. Member weight is
distributed equally to the adjacent nodes.

2- Members are loaded at their ends only
(i.e. two-force members). So, they undergo
axial forces only (tension or compression).
R
xy

R
Ay

R
Ax

B
A C E
D G
H
K
J
LECTURE
23
1
51
LECTURE
23
1
51
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTUR
E 23
2
52
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Analyze the truss shown below:
) ( 40 R 0 F
) ( 45 R 0 F
) ( 45 R
0 6 20 3 20 4 R
0 M
kN
Ay y
kN
Ax x
kN
Bx
Bx
A
| = =
= =
=
=
=
F.B.D. For Whole Truss :
Take Joint (E) :
(C) 15 F 0 25
5
3
F
0 F
(T) 25 F 0 20 F
5
4
0 F
kN
ED ED
x
kN
EC EC
y
= =
=
= =
=
+
+
+|
4
m

R
Ay

R
Ax

R
Bx

A C
B
D
E
3
m
3
m

20
kN

20
kN

F
EC

F
ED

E
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTUR
E 23
Analyze the truss shown below:
2
52
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Take J oint (C) :
(C) 20 F 0 F
(T) 15 F 0 F
kN
CD y
kN
CA x
= =
= =
Take J oint (A) :
0
0 50
5
4
40
0
) ( 50
0
5
3
45 15
0
=
=
= E
=
= +
= E
+
AB
AD
y
kN
AD
AD
x
F
F
F
T F
F
F
+|
F
CA

F
CD

25
kN

C
40
kN

45
kN

15
kN

A
F
AD

F
AB

CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
24
1
53
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
ZERO-FORCE MEMBERS
Members which carry no forces in a truss either because of particular
loading pattern or because they enhance geometric stability:.
EQUAL-FORCE MEMBERS
F
3

F
1

F
2

F
2

F
1

F
1
= F
2

F
3
= 0
F
3

F
1

F
2

F
4

F
1
= F
3

F
2
= F
4

30
kN

35
kN

25
kN

30
kN
40
kN

A
B
D I L
P
T
G K
C E H J M N Q
ZERO-FORCE MEMBERS
BC, BE
KM, KN
PQ, PN, LN
(C) 40 F
(T) 25 F
kN
IJ
kN
HG
=
=
CE 201 - STATICS
By sectioning the truss into two or more parts (each part containing
more then one joint), then we can find forces in certain numbers directly.
LECTURE
24
2
54
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
METHOD OF SECTIONS
Use Section A-A
Find F
GH
?
(C) 155 F
0 4 F 4 80 6 50
0 M
kN
GH
GH
J
=
= + +
=
80
kN

50
kN

J G
F
GH

+
4
m

50
kN

80
kN

3
m

3
m

3
m

3
m

3
m

A
A
F
3

F
2

F
1

0
0 M
o
=
F1 = (
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
25
2
55
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
THEORY OF PLANE TRUSSES
M = Number of members
R = Number of Unknown Reactions
J = Number of joints

if M + R > 2J Statically Indeterminate
if M + R = 2J Statically Determinate
if M + R < 2J Statically Unstable
M = 9
R = 3
J = 6
M + R = 2J
Determinate
M + R > 2J
Indeterminate
M = 10
R = 3
J = 6
M + R < 2J
UNSTABLE
M = 8
R = 3
J = 6
B
C E
D
A
G
CE 201 - STATICS
Frames are structural systems
composed of members connected
and loaded at unrestricted
locations along their axis.
LECTURE
27
1
58
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
ANALYSIS & DESIGN
1- SOLVE FOR EXTERNAL REACTIONS
( partially or totally ).
2- DIS-ASSEMBLE & TREAT EACH COMPONENT
AS RIGID BODY UNDER EQUILIBRIUM.
3- FORMULATE SETS OF SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS & SOLVE FOR UNKNOWNS.
R
Ax

R
Ay

R
Dy

A
D
B
C
P
2

P
1





M
R
Ax
R
Gx

R
Ay
R
Gy




P
1

P
3
P
2

C
G
E
A
B
D
CE 201 - STATICS
Analyze Frame (ABCDE)
LECTURE
27
2
58
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Take whole Frame
Take Part (ABC) As F.B.D.
| =
= +
| + =
| = =
=
=
kN
Ay
Ay
y
kN
Ey
Ey
A
25 R
0 R 40 15
0 F
15
12
180
R
0 3 40 60 12 R
0 M
) ( 3.75
8
120 150
R
0 6 R 8 R 3 40
0 M
) ( 15 R
0 40 25 R
0 F
kN
Ax
Ay Ax
C
kN
Cy
Ey
y
=

=
= +
=
| =
= +
| + =
Take Whole Frame Again
) ( 3.75 R 0 3.75 R
0 F
kN
Ex ex
x
= = +
=
+
R
Ay

A
E
C
40
kN


60
kN m

R
Ey


4
m

4
m

D
B
3
m
3
m
3
m
3
m

R
Ax

C
R
Cy

R
Ay

R
Cx

A
B
45
kN

40
kN

+
+
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
25
3
56
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
GENERAL EXAMPLE
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
(g) (h)
(f)
Howe Truss
Pratt Truss
Warren Truss Warren Truss with verticals
K Truss Sub-divided Warren Truss
Sub-divided Pratt Truss
or Baltimore Truss
Baltimore Truss with inclined
chord or Petit Truss
(a)
(d)
(c)
(b)
Howe Truss
Pratt Truss
Fan Truss
Fink Truss
Conventional Roof Trusses
Conventional Bridge Trusses
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
25
4
57
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
GENERAL EXAMPLE
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
28
1
59a
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
EXAMPLE
A
n
a
l
y
z
e

t
h
e

F
r
a
m
e

Take whole Frame :
) ( 35 R
0 R 80 115
0 F
) ( 115
8
920
R
0 15 40 4 80 8 R
0 M
kN
Ay
Ay
y
kN
Hy
Hy
A
+ =
= +
| + =
| = =
=
=
+
) ( 40 R 0 F
) ( 40 R
0 M
kN
ey y
kN
Cy
E
| = =
| =
=
Take ( C.D.E. ) :
+
R
Ax
R
Hx

R
Ay
R
Hy




80
kN

C
H
G
A
B
E
40
kN

D
12
m

3
m

6
m

9
m

4
m
4
m

R
Cx

C
R
Cy

E D
80
kN

R
Ey

R
Ex

CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
28
1
59b
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
EXAMPLE
Take whole Frame :
( )
( ) = =
=
= +
| + =
=
= +
=
kN
Ex x
kN
GB
GB
y
kN
Hx
Hx
J
120 R 0 F
213.6 F
0 40 F
8.54
3
115
0 F
80 R
0 15 R 16 40 - 16 115
0 M
+
Analyze the Frame
R
Hx

H
G
6
m

9
m

115
kN

F
GB

J
R
Ex

40
kN

16
m

E
3
8
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
28
2
60a
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Analyze the Frame
Take whole Frame :
( )
( )
( ) | = =
| + =
=
=
=
=
=
=
+
N
Ay Ay
y
N
Ax
Ax
x
N
Ex
Ex
A
100 R 0 100 R
0 F
54 61 R
0 54 61 R
0 F
61.54 R
0 8 100 13 R
0 M +
Take Pulley as F.B.D. :
100
N

100
N

100
N

100
N


100
N

2
m
6
m

H
E
D
C
B
2
m

4
m

5
m

2
m

R
Ex

R
Ax

R
Ay

3
m

G
A
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE
28
2
60b
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Take GCH as F B D :
Analyze the Frame
G C
H
100
N

100
N

TGB
R
Cy

R
Cx

( )
( )
( ) | =
= +
| + =
=
= +
=
=
=
=
+
N
Cy
Cy
y
N
Cx
Cx
x
N
GB
GB
c
300 R
0 100 R 250
5
4
0 F
50 R
0 100 R 250
5
3
0 F
T 250 T
0 6 100 3 T
5
4
0 M +