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Failure Theory
Failure Theory
,
_
,
_
+
Minimum principal stress
2
2
2
2 2
xy
y x y x
+
,
_
,
_
1
should not exceed in tension,
,
_
FOS
S
yt
,
_
FOS
S
ut
FOS=Factor of safety
This theory is basically applicable for brittle materials
which are relatively stronger in shear and not applicable
to ductile materials which are relatively weak in shear.
+
2
-
1
-
2
+
1
S
yc
S
yt
S
yc
S
yt
o
Boundary for maximum normal stress theory under bi axial stresses
max
where
max
=
FOS 2
S
yt
,
_
o
2
=
3
=0
max
max
3
=0
+
1
-
2
max
o
Mohrs circle for bi axial stress
condition
2
. .
max
stress direct Min stress direct Max
CASE 1 (First quadrant )
1
and
2
are +ve
yt
yt
S e i
S
1
1 1 3 1
max
. .
2 2 2
0
2
CASE 2 (Second quadrant)
1
is -ve and
2
is +ve ,Then
2
2
2
2 2
) (
1 max
1 1 2 1 2
max
yt
S
Then
2
max
yt
S
CASE 3 (Third quadrant)
1
is -ve and
2
is more
-ve ,Then
yc
yc
S e i
S
Then
.
2 2
2
0
2
) (
max
2 2 3
max
CASE 4 (Fourth quadrant)
1
is +ve and
2
is -ve ,Then
2
2
2
2 2
) (
max
2 1 2 1
max
yt
S
Then
Assuming that
1
>
2
>
3
and
3
=0
According to the Maximum shear stress theory,
And also
+
1
1
=S
yt
+
2
-
1
-
2
S
yc
S
yt
S
yc
S
yt
o
1
=S
yc
Y
X
Element subjected to pure shear stresses
o
1
-
2
3
yt
S
yt
yt
sy
S
S
S 577 . 0
3
+
1
+
2
-
1
-
2
S
yc
S
yt
S
yc
S
yt
o
Boundary for distortion energy theory under bi axial stresses
Case 1 (First quadrant)
1 and 2 are +ve and equal
to , then
( )
FOS
S
FOS
S
yt
yt
+
2 1
2
2
2
1
Case 4 (Fourth quadrant)
1
is +ve and
2
is -ve and equal
to , then
( )
( )
FOS
S
FOS
S
FOS
S
FOS
S
yt
yt
yt
yt
577 . 0
3 3
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
2
1
+ +
+
Case 2 (Second quadrant)
1
is -ve and
2
is +ve and equal
to , then
( )
( )
FOS
S
FOS
S
FOS
S
FOS
S
yt
yt
yt
yt
577 . 0
3 3
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
2
1
+ +
+
Case 3 (Third quadrant)
1
is -ve and
2
is +ve and equal
to , then
( )
FOS
S
FOS
S
yt
yt
+
2 1
2
2
2
1
MPa
MPa
MPa
+
m E
U
2 1
2
2
2
1 1
2
2
1
4. Max. Strain energy theory (Heighs Thoery):
2
2
2
1
1
]
1
FOS
S
E
U
yt
Equating the above two equations then we get
In a biaxial case
1
,
2
are calculated based as
x
,
y
&
xy
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
2
,
_
+
FOS
S
m
yt
It will be checked whether the Left Hand Side of
Equation is less than Right Hand Side of Equation or
not. This theory is used for ductile materials.
E FOS
S
mE
E
yt
2 1
max
Axial stress,
2
2 2
1
/
73 . 12
7854 . 0
10
mm kN
d d A
P
2
2
/ 365 . 6
7854 . 0
5
mm kN
d A
P
s
According to maximum principal stress theory
,
_
,
_
+
2
2
1
2 2
xy
x x
+
,
_
,
_
2
2
1
2
2
2
2 2
1
/
15365
365 . 6
2
73 . 12
2
73 . 12
mm N
d
d d d
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
mm d
d
4 . 12
15365
100
2
According to maximum shear stress theory
,
_
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
max
/
9000
/
9 365 . 6 73 . 12
2
mm N
d
mm kN
d d d
xy
x
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
mm d
d
S
yt
42 . 13
2
100 9000
2
2
max
According to maximum principal strain theory
,
_
,
_
+
2
2
2
2 2
xy
y x y x
+
,
_
,
_
+
2
2
2
1
15365
2 2 d
xy
x x
+
,
_
,
_
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
/
2635
365 . 6
2
73 . 12 73 . 12
2 2
mm N
d
d d d
xy
x x
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
E
S
mE
2 2
yt
2
1
yt
2 1
+
According to maximum strain energy theory
According to maximum distortion theory
mm d
d d d d
S
m
yt
78 . 12
100 3 . 0
2635 15365
2
2635 15365
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
1
]
1
+
1
]
1
+
( )
mm d
d d d d
S
yt
4 . 13
2635 15365 2635 15365
100
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
,
_
1
]
1
+
1
]
1