Dangerous Good

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What is the Dangerous good?

Dangerous goods are defined as: Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, environment and property.

General philosophy
Dangerous good can be transported safely by air transport or sea transport provided certain principle are strictly followed. These principle and procedures include: 1- Classification Dangerous good are classified according to criteria determined by the United Nation Committee of Experts ( COE ) on the Transport of dangerous good.

Continue: 2- Prohibitions: Some dangerous goods have been identified as being too dangerous to be carried on any aircraft under any circumstance.

Continue: 3- Training: Training is an essential element in maintaining a safe regulatory regime. Dangerous goods training is a mandatory requirement for all individuals in preparation or transport of D.G. Training each 24 month

Continue: 4- Packaging: Packaging is the essential component in the safe transport of D.G. The IMO dangerous goods regulations provide instruction for all dangerous goods acceptable for ship transportation

Continue: 5- Marking and Labeling: The packages are marked with required marking and bear the required labels to ensure that the hazard can be recognized without relying on accompanying documentation in an emergency.

Continue:
6- Documentation: The paper declaration of dangerous goods by the shipper ensure that all in the transportation chain are aware that dangerous goods are being transported. This ensure that they are correctly accepted, handled and loaded an if ad incident or accident occurs, either in ship or in the port, what the correct response should be.

Continue: 7- Notification to Pilot-in-command The pilot-in-command must know what is on board the ship in order to properly assess and action any emergencies that may occure.

Continue: 8- Avoiding Hidden Hazard Information regarding Hidden Dangerous Good must also be conveyed to passengers, crews and shippers to assist them in recognizing D.G.

Continue: 9- Accident/Incident Reporting Dangerous Goods accident or incident must be reported, so that an investigating by relevant authorities can establish the cause and corrective action can be taken.

Shippers Responsibility:
The importance of shippers responsibilities and compliance cannot over-emphasized. The shipper specifically must: Establish that his employees are trained to enable them to carry out their responsibilities (DGR 1-3-2). Establish whether the article or substance is prohibited for transport by ship.

Shipper Responsibilities Continue:

Ensure that the dangerous goods are identified, classified, packed, marked, labeled and documented in full compliance (DGR 1-32). Ensure that the dangerous goods are packaged in compliance with all application of sea transfer requirements (DGR 1-3-2)

Shipper Responsibilities Continue: The shipper, the freight forwarded and the cargo agent must also establish:
For all consignments, the documents and package exterior have been checked for any indication of hidden hazards and other responsibilities as stipulated (DGR 1-3-3-6)

Operators Responsibility:
When accepting cargo for transportation by ship it is the operators cargo acceptance staff who have the responsibility to ensure, as far as possible, that the consignment does not contain dangerous goods unless the shipper has prepared the shipment of dangerous goods in accordance with Regulations. A checklist must be used to accept declared dangerous goods consignments (DGR 9-1-4)

Operators Responsibility continue:

In Addition to acceptance, the operators has seven other responsibilities as set out in DGR 1-4 they are:
Storage; Loading; Inspection; Providing of information, including ERI Reporting dangerous good accident/ incident Retention of records; and Training.

Training Requirements:

General familiarization training Function or job specific training Safety training

Training Requirements (con):

The training must cover the following aspect: General Philosophy Limitation List of dangerous goods Marking and labeling Recognition of undeclared dangerous goods Storage and loading procedures Pilots notification Provisions for passengers and crew Emergency procedures

Dangerous goods security:

General Security Provisions
All persons engage in the transport of dangerous goods commensurate with their responsibilities. Employees should be made aware of the security plans in effect at each place of employment and their individual responsibilities with regard to those plans.

Information to shipper:
The operator must ensure that sufficient notice are prominently displayed at cargo acceptance point to alert shippers to the regulations applying to transport of dangerous goods.

Hidden dangerous goods:

Not all dangerous goods all easily identified. Operators general cargo acceptance stuff must be adequately trained to assist them to identify and detected dangerous goods presented to general cargo.

Classification

General principles:

Dangerous goods are divided into 9 classes reflecting the type of risk involved. ( D.G.R. 3-0-2 )

Classification ( cont ):
Classes 1,2,4,5 and 6 are divided into DIVISIONS due to hazard variations within these classes. Classes are expressed by single-digit numbers. For example 7

Classification ( cont ):
Divisions are expressed by 2-digit numbers. The first digit identifies the Class number and the second identifies the variation within that class.

Classification ( cont ): Example:

Oxidizer is class 5, Division 1, and is referred to as Division 5.1

Classification ( cont ):

Each hazard class/division has specific criteria that are used to determine whether a substance belongs to that class or division (D.G.R. section 3 )

Classification ( cont ):
Some dangerous goods may have characteristic that meet the classification criteria of more than one class or division. Under these circumstances the substance is said to have both a primary and subsidiary risk.

Classification ( cont ):
The DGR is built-up in a logical manner. The second digit of subsection corresponds to the class number. Example:
3.3 3= classification section .3 class 3 Flammable liquid 3.3 classification of Flammable liquid

Classification ( cont ):
This also applies to section 5 Packing Instructions:
Ex: 5.1
5= Packing Section .1= Class 1 Explosives 5.1= Packing Instructions for Explosives

Classification ( cont ):
The type of labelling to be applied depends upon the type & classification of the hazardous substances. The class numbers quoted below refer to UN Transport Classes.

Classification ( cont ):
CLASS 1 - EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS OR SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 1) Articles and substances having a mass explosion hazard

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 1.1 :
Objects or substances which present a risk of mass explosion.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 1.2 :

Objects or substances which present a risk of projection but not a risk of mass explosion.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 1.3 :
Objects or substances which present a risk of fire with a minimum risk of blowing or a risk of projection but not a risk of mass explosion.

Classification ( cont ):

DIVISION 1.4 : Objects or substances which present no important risk.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 1.5 : Objects with a very light sensibility but presenting a risk of mass explosion.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 1.6 : extremely insensitive articles which do not have mass explosion hazard

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 2 GAS : COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR DISSOLVED, UNDER PRESSURE GAS : (LABEL 2.0)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.1 :
Flammable gas Any gas which, when mixed with air in certain proportions, forms a flammable mixture.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.2 :
Non flammable gas. Any non-flammable, non-toxic gas or low-temperature liquid gas.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 2.3 : Toxic gas Gases known to be toxic or corresive to humans and known to pose a health risk.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 3 - FLAMMABLE LIQUID SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 3.1)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.1 :
Low flash-point group (less than 18C)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.2 :
Medium range flash-point group (between - 18C and 23C)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 3.3 :
High flash-point group ((over 23C but not over 61C).

Classification ( cont ):

Note : These temperatures are given for test in a closed crucible. Substances having under these tests a flash-point over 61C are said to be non flammable.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 4 - FLAMMABLE SOLID AND OTHER FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.1 :
Any soild material, which is readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.2 :
Such substances are liable to spontaneous heating or to heating up in contact with air and then liable to catch fire.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 4.3 :
Substance, which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 5 OXIDIZING SUBSTANCE; COMBUSTIVE SUBSTANCES AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5-1 : A substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of other material.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5-2 : An organic material (liquid or solid) that can be ignited readily by external flame and then burns with an accelerating rate; some substances react dangerously with other.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 5.3 : A new lable for division 5.2 organic peroxides introduced as of January 2007; will replace the solid yellow division 5.2 lable in January 2011. ether division 5.2 labels may be used until then.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 6 - TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 6.1 : Liquid or solid, which are dangerous, if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 6.2 : Substance which are known or reasonably expected to contain pathogens and cause disease in humans or in animals.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 7 - RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 7.1, 7.2, 7.3)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 7.1 : Radioactive material with low radiation level on the package surface. No transport index indicated.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 7.2 : Radiation level higher than category I and a transport index not, exceeding 1.

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 7.3 : Radiation level higher than category II and/or a transport index exceeding 1 but not more than 10.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 8 - CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 8)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 8 : A liquid or solid that will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or in the case of leakage will materially damage or even destroy other goods or the means of transport.

Classification ( cont ):

CLASS 9 - OTHER HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES : (LABEL 9)

Classification ( cont ):
DIVISION 9 : Any substance, which presents a danger during transportation.

UN number display on transportation equipment

UN number display on transportation equipment

UN number display on transportation equipment

Special marking

Special marking

Special marking

Special marking

Breakdown of the list of dangerous goods

Breakdown of the list of dangerous goods: