Taught by Majid Ali Wassan Khairpur.: Mucet

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Taught by Majid Ali Wassan at M
!"T# $hai%&u%.
Muhammad Atif
Assistant Professor
Khan K.K.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering M.U.E.T. Jamshoro
atif'han68(hot)ail.co)
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Defining CAD / CADD

!A+ An ac%ony) fo% !o)&ute% Aided +esign ,t is synony)ously used fo% !o)&ute% Aided +%afting. !A++# An ac%ony) fo% !o)&ute% Aided +esign - +%afting !A+.!A++ %efe%s to the use of soft/a%e and co)&ute% fo% c%eating &%ecise enginee%ing d%a/ings and designs ,t is a gene%al0&u%&ose co)&ute%0aided d%afting a&&lication &%og%a). ,t is the la%gest selling soft/a%e fo% !o)&ute% Assisted.Aided .Auto)ated +%afting. Mo%e &eo&le use Auto!A+ than any othe% !A+ soft/a%e. Today# Auto!A+ is t%anslated into 18 languages and used by )illions of use%s /o%ld/ide. Auto!A+ 1T is a 2scaled do/n2 3e%sion of Auto!A+ and ,t costs less. !o)&a%ed to the full edition of Auto!A+# Auto!A+ 1T lac's se3e%al featu%es. Most notably# it has no 4+ )odeling ca&abilities. Autodes' has also de3elo&ed a fe/ disci&line0s&ecific enhance)ents of Auto!A+# such as# Auto!A+ A%chitectu%e Auto!A+ Mechanical# Auto!A+ "lect%ical# Auto!A+ !i3il 4+# and Auto!A+ Ma& 4+ a%e e5a)&les of indust%y0s&ecific !A+ a&&lications built on the Auto!A+ &latfo%).
What is AutoCAD

AutoCAD-Version history
Official name
6e%sion 1.0 6e%sion 1.* 6e%sion 1.4 6e%sion 1.4 6e%sion *.0 6e%sion *.1 6e%sion *.5 6e%sion *.6 7elease 9 7elease 10 7elease 11 7elease 1*
Vers ion
1.0 1.* 1.0 1.4 *.0 *.1 *.5 *.6 8.A 8.A 8.A 8.A
Re lea se
1 * 4 4 5 6 9 8 9 10 11 1*
Date of release
198*# +ece)be% 1984# A&%il 1984# August 1984# ;ctobe% 1984# ;ctobe% 1985# May 1986# <une 1989# A&%il 1989# =e&te)be% 1988# ;ctobe% 1990# ;ctobe% 199*# <une
Official name
7elease 14 7elease 14 Auto!A+ *000 Auto!A+ *000i Auto!A+ *00* Auto!A+ *004 Auto!A+ *005 Auto!A+ *006 Auto!A+ *009 Auto!A+ *008 Auto!A+ *009
Ver Re sion lea se

8.A 8.A 15.0 15.1 15.6 16.0 16.1 16.* 19.0 19.1 19.* 14 14 15 16 19 18 19 *0 *1 ** *4
Date of release
1994# 8o3e)be% 1999# :eb%ua%y 1999# Ma%ch *000# <uly *001# <une *004# Ma%ch *004# Ma%ch *005# Ma%ch *006# Ma%ch *009# Ma%ch *008# Ma%ch
Scope of AutoCAD
,t is used to inc%ease s&eed - accu%acy in the &%oduction of d%a/ings in any field# such as !i3il "ngg !onst%uction indust%y >eog%a&hic ,nfo%)ation =yste)s =u%3eying
:acilities Manage)ent Mechanical "ngg "lect%ical "ngg. "lect%onics "ngg. ?io)edical !he)ical "ngg Pet%oleu) "ngg
Mining "ngg ,ndust%ial "ngg Metallu%gy "ngg Mechat%onics !o)&ute% "ngg =t%uctu%al "ngg A%chitectu%al "ngg Manufactu%ing "ngg
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Multi)edia 1and Manage)ent
!ity - 7egional Planning
- )any )o%e@@@
Advantages of AutoCAD over manual/instrumental drafting

=&eed 8eatness Accu%acy 1egibility i)&%o3ed. ,)&%o3ed P%esentations. :le5ibility in "diting. "asy =to%age.T%ans&o%t "asy %et%ie3al.Access of +%a/ings =ha%ing !A++ +%a/ings. Ael&s in "nginee%ing Analysis. Ael&s in !o)&ute% Aided Manufactu%ing B!AMC. Aigh %ate of d%a/ing &%oduction. "nhanced 3isualiDation. - )any )o%e@.
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AutoCAD Graphical User Interface GUI! or "ain screen
>%a&hical use% inte%face B> ,C allo/ co)&ute% use%s to inte%act /ith co)&ute% by selecting s)all i)ages called icons to e5ecute inst%uctions# eli)inating the need to use te5t co))ands.
The Auto!A+ sc%een consists of follo/ing i)&o%tant a%eas. These a%e# #he dra$ing area The blan' a%ea B;n you% co)&ute%s it )ay be in blac' colo%C in the )iddle of the sc%een /he%e you d%a/. Eou can thin' of this as a sheet of d%afting &a&e%# e5ce&t that this blac' &iece of &a&e% can be of any siDeB ,nfinite siDeC F e3en the siDe of a huge facto%y o% e3en the siDe of a city. At the botto) of the d%a/ing a%ea is a tab labeled Model. We /ill d%a/ on this tab. Eou use the layout tabs to lay out you% d%a/ing fo% &lotting /e /ill lea%n to d%a/ he%e late%. #he UCS icon
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8otice the sy)bol /ith t/o a%%o/s at the botto)0left co%ne% of the d%a/ing a%ea in :igu%e abo3e. This sy)bol is called the se% !oo%dinate =yste) B !=C icon. The a%%o/s &oint to the &ositi3e di%ections of the G and E a5es. #he crosshairs ,n the d%a/ing a%ea# notice the t/o inte%secting lines /ith a s)all bo5 at thei% inte%section. The s)all bo5 is called the pickbox because it hel&s you to select# o% &ic'# objects. The lines a%e called crosshairs. They sho/ you the location of the )ouse cu%so% in %elation to othe% objects in you% d%a/ing. As you )o3e you% )ouse a%ound# the &ic'bo5 and c%osshai%s )o3e /ith you% )ouse. At the botto) of you% sc%een# at the left end of the status ba%# you can see the G#E coo%dinates change as you )o3e you% )ouse. #he menus and tool%ars ?eneath the )enu ba% the%e a%e t/o %o/s of toolba%s. ,n addition# you% sc%een has t/o )o%e toolba%s# the +%a/ and Modify toolba%# /hich is &%obably doc'ed at the %ight side of the sc%een. se the )enus and toolba%s togethe% to gi3e Auto!A+ co))ands to d%a/# edit# get info%)ation# and so on. ;n the +%a/ toolba%# )o3e the )ouse cu%so% o3e% the fi%st button. Eou should see a tool tip that says 1ine. Also notice the status ba%# /hich tells you that this button c%eates st%aight0line seg)ents. Eou use toolba% buttons to e5ecute co))ands. :o% e5a)&le# to d%a/ a line# you clic' the 1ine button on the +%a/ toolba%. #he command line All co))ands can be e5ecuted by ty&ing the) on the co))and line. "3en if you use a )enu ite) o% toolba% button to e5ecute a co))and# you )ay see a %es&onse on the co))and line. Auto!A+ often &%o3ide o&tions that )ust be ty&ed in f%o) the 'eyboa%d. Te5t that you ty&e a&&ea%s on the co))and line. #he status %ar At the left a%e the G#E coo%dinates. As you )o3e you% )ouse# these coo%dinates change. B,f they donHt change# clic' the) and )o3e you% )ouse again.C Note: Eou can use the !1"A8=!7""8;8 co))and to hide the title ba%# toolba%s# and status ba%# lea3ing )o%e %oo) fo% the d%a/ing a%ea. To %etu%n to the %egula% dis&lay# use the !1"A8=!7""8;:: co))and o% &%ess !t%lI0 to toggle bet/een the t/o dis&lays.
Different $ays to start AutoCAD&
Eou can launch Auto!A+ /ith the follo/ing )ethodsJ !hoose =ta%t0BAllC0P%og%a)s0Autodes'0Auto!A+ *00G0Auto!A+ *00G. +ouble0clic' an Auto!A+ d%a/ing file. +ouble0clic' the Auto!A+ icon on the Windo/s des'to&. !lic' the Auto!A+ icon on the tas'ba%Hs =ta%t )enu. !lic' the Auto!A+ icon on the Kuic' 1aunch toolba% on the tas'ba%.
'SAV( or SAV(
=tanda%d toolba%J :ile )enuJ =a3e o% sa3e as !o))and lineJ Lsa3e o% sa3e
Kuic'ly sa3es the cu%%ent d%a/ing
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,f the d%a/ing is na)ed# Auto!A+ sa3es the d%a/ing /ithout %eLuesting a file na)e. ,f the d%a/ing is unna)ed# Auto!A+ dis&lays the =a3e +%a/ing As dialog bo5 Bsee =A6"A=C and sa3es the d%a/ing /ith the file na)e you s&ecify.
Closing/()iting AutoCAD
,f you sa3ed you% )ost %ecent changes to all o&en d%a/ings# you can e5it Auto!A+ /ithout sa3ing the d%a/ings again. ,f you ha3e not sa3ed you% changes# Auto!A+ &%o)&ts you to sa3e o% disca%d the changes. To e5it Auto!A+ !lic' B G C close button at u&&e% %ight co%ne% :%o) the :ile )enu# choose "5it. ;7 !o))and lineJ Ty&e K ,T o% "G,T - &%ess "8T"7
Different $ays to access/start commands
Eou can use any of the follo/ing )ethods to sta%t a co))and. The easiest /ay to sta%t a co))and is to ty&e it in the !o))and 1ine /indo/# othe% )ethods a%e Menu ba% Toolba%s# 7ight clic's on any toolba%# dis&lays all toolba%s. =ho%tcut )enu# %ight clic' )ouse ha3ing cu%so% at diffe%ent &ositions on sc%een and see diffe%ent )enus# called as sho%tcut )enus.
Using Shortcut "enus
Eou can %ight0clic' you% &ointing de3ice to dis&lay sho%tcut )enus f%o) /hich you can Luic'ly choose o&tions =ho%tcut )enus a%e conte5t0sensiti3e. Eou can dis&lay sho%tcut )enus f%o) )ost of the follo/ing Auto!A+ /indo/.)ain sc%een a%eas
(rasing o%*ects / (+AS( command

Modify toolba%J Modify )enuJ "%ase =ho%tcut )enuJ =elect the objects to e%ase# %ight0clic' in the d%a/ing a%ea# and clic' "%ase. !o))and ent%yJ e%ase =elect objectsJ Use an object selection method "nte% 1 B1astC to e%ase the last object d%a/n. o% "nte% all to e%ase all objects f%o) the d%a/ing. And press "8T"7 when you finish selecting objects The objects a%e %e)o3ed f%o) the d%a/ing.
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Canceling a command
=o)eti)es you )ight find you%self using a co))and# and all of a sudden you /ant to sto& using it and s/itch to a diffe%ent one. ,f you donHt /ant to co)&lete the cu%%ent co))and# &%ess "sc o% %ight0 clic' and choose !ancel f%o) the sho%tcut )enu.
+epeating last command

Auto!A+ allo/s you to %e&eat the &%e3ious co))and /ithout ha3ing to select it f%o) a use% inte%face ele)ent again# Eou can use these )ethods to %e&eat a &%e3iously used co))andJ P%ess "nte% /hen no co))and is acti3e. P%ess the s&ace ba% /hen no co))and is acti3e. P%ess the & a%%o/ 'ey /hen no co))and is acti3e and &%ess "nte%. Eou can =te& bac' to %et%ie3e &%e3iously used co))ands /ithin the cu%%ent session and not just the )ost %ecently used co))and. 7ight0clic' the d%a/ing /indo/ and choose 7e&eat Command Name. 7ight0clic' the d%a/ing /indo/ and choose 7ecent ,n&ut - .command name. 7ight0clic' the !o))and 1ine /indo/ and choose 7ecent !o))andJ command name
Changing the color of an o%*ect using properties tool%ar
=elect the objects /hose colo% you /ant to 3ie/ o% )odify# and clic' colo% button in the &%o&e%ties toolba% as highlighted in the figu%e to see a3ailable colo%s. Pic' any desi%ed colo%.
#urning the tool%ars ,- and ,..

Displaying the tool%ars shortcut menu 7ight clic' on any icon.button and choose the toolba% f%o) the list to be dis&layed as sho/n in the figu%e. Displaying the tool%ars through /ey%oard/command line !o))andJ 0T;;1?A7 "nte% toolba% na)e o% MA11NJ Ty&e any toolba%Hs na)e such as +%a/ o% )odify o% any othe% toolba%Hs na)e "nte% an o&tion M=ho/.Aide.1eft.7ight.To&.?otto).:loatN O=ho/PJ Ty&e : fo% float and &%ess ente% "nte% ne/ &osition Bsc%een coo%dinatesC O0#0PJ acce&t the default 0#0 by &%essing ente% "nte% nu)be% of %o/s fo% toolba% O1PJ acce&t the default by &%essing ente%.
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Undo command or Correcting mista/es
7e3e%ses the effect of co))ands
Coordinates systems used in AutoCAD
Introduction As a gene%al %ule# e3e%ything you d%a/ /ith Auto!A+ /ill be d%a/n full siDe.actual siDe. This often co)es as Luite a su%&%ise to those /ho a%e ne/ to !A+ and ha3e s&ent a nu)be% of yea%s /o%'ing on a d%a/ing boa%d. When you sta%t d%a/ing /ith Auto!A+ you do not ha3e to decide u&on a d%a/ing scale as you do /hen using a d%a/ing boa%d. When d%a/ing on &a&e% you )ust decide do d%a/ at say# 1J*0 o% 1J*00 de&ending u&on the siDe of the object that you a%e d%a/ing so that you% scaled d%a/ing /ill fit on the d%a/ing sheet# be that A4 o% A1. ,n Auto!A+ you do not need to decide u&on a d%a/ing scale until you co)e to &%int the d%a/ing and because the scaling of you% d%a/ing ta'es &lace at the &%inting stage# you can c%eate d%a/ings at a scale of 1J1. This has &a%ticula% ad3antages because you can# fo% e5a)&le# )easu%e lengths# a%eas and 3olu)es /ithin an Auto!A+ d%a/ing and not need to co)&ensate fo% any scale facto%.
0I-( Command1 close1 undo and continue options
With the 1ine co))and you can d%a/ a si)&le line f%o) one &oint to anothe%. When you &ic' the fi%st &oint and )o3e the c%oss0hai%s to the location of the second &oint you /ill see a %ubbe% band line /hich sho/s you /he%e the line /ill be d%a/n /hen the second &oint is &ic'ed. "ach line seg)ent d%a/n is a se&a%ate object and can be )o3ed o% e%ased as %eLui%ed. To end this co))and# just hit the 'ey on the 'eyboa%d. Undo 2 Close options in 0I-( command The undo o&tion e%ases the last seg)ent only# /he%e as close o&tion d%a/s the last line seg)ent joining /ith the sta%t &oint and at the sa)e ti)e te%)inates the line co))and. Continue option in 0I-( command At any stage you te%)inated.ended the line co))and but i))ediately you decide to continue the line f%o) last &oint of the last seg)ent you just d%a/n# sta%t line co))and /hen it as's fo% the sta%t &oint just &%ess ente% the line /ill be sta%ted f%o) the end &oint of the last seg)ent d%a/n# thus continuing the line.
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Understanding startup dialog %o)-#utorial
Starting AutoCAD :%o) the sta%t )enu choose all &%og%a)s# and then choose Auto!A+ f%o) the )enu. ,f you ha3e sho%tcut on des'to& then di%ectly double clic' on Auto!A+ icon. ()ploring the startup dialog %o) When you sta%t Auto!A+# the sta%tu& dialog bo5 )ay o% )ay not be dis&layed de&ending u&on the default settings - the 3e%sion of soft/a%e# ,f it is not dis&layed then follo/ this#
#urn ,-/,.. the display of startup dialog %o)
:%o) the Tools )enu# choose ;&tions0 ;% Ty&e ;&tions at co))and line - &%ess ente% ,n the ;&tions dialogue bo5 !hoose# =yste)0>ene%al o&tions0=ta%tu&0select# =ho/ o% do not sho/ =ta%tu& +ialog bo5 !hoose A&&ly.;$. 8o/ close the soft/a%e.Auto!A+ and %e0sta%t# it you /ill see the sta%tu& dialogue bo5 dis&layed each ti)e you sta%t Auto!A+. The dialog bo5 &%o3ides you /ith fou% diffe%ent /ays to sta%t /o%'ing in Auto!A+# you can# A. ;&en an e5isting d%a/ing. ?. =ta%t a d%a/ing f%o) sc%atch !. =ta%t a d%a/ing based on a te)&late.BThis /ill be discussed late%C +. se /iDa%ds to hel& you setu&.sta%t you% d%a/ing BThis /ill be discussed late%C
#o open an e)isting dra$ing1 clic/
,n the =ta%tu& dialog bo5# choose Q;&en a +%a/ingR# and then choose ?%o/se. ;7 ,f Auto!A+ is al%eady sta%ted# f%o) the :ile )enu# choose ;&en. ,n the =elect :ile dialog bo5# select a files B,f the%e is no %ecently used file than use b%o/se button to locate the fileC - chose ;&en.
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8o/ select 6,"W0S;;M f%o) )enu ba% and t%y Doo) ,8# ; T# A11# and "GT"8T o&tions and obse%3e the diffe%ence bet/een the) also use PA8 7"A1T,M"# and S;;M W,8+;W S;;M P7"6,; = f%o) the standa%d tool ba% doc'ed in the to& a%ea of > ,.sc%een.
-ote3 7e&eat this se3e%al ti)es changing the file each ti)e and &%acticing 3a%ious Doo) o&tions as
listed abo3e. 8o/ close Auto!A+ and %e&eat the sa)e again and again# each ti)e o&ening a diffe%ent file. When you ha3e &%acticed this se3e%al ti)es# follo/ the ne5t ste&
#o create a ne$ dra$ing using Start from Scratch1 clic/
,n the =ta%tu& dialog bo5# choose Q=ta%t f%o) =c%atchR. ;7 ,f Auto!A+ is al%eady sta%ted# f%o) the :ile )enu# choose 8e/# and then choose =ta%t f%o) =c%atch in the !%eate 8e/ +%a/ing dialog bo5. =elect ,)&e%ial."nglish B:o% )a'ing d%a/ing in inches - feet# o%. "nglish unitsC o% Met%ic B:o% )a'ing d%a/ing in )illi)ete%s# o% )et%ic unitsC# and then choose ;$. A ne/ d%a/ing file o&ens# based on the "nglish.,)&e%ial o% )et%ic settings and /ith the default na)e d%a/ing1.d/g B8oteJ ?y default all Auto!A+ d%a/ing files a%e sa3ed as d/g files# ha3ing d/g as file e5tensionC. 8o/ tu%n ;8 the >7,+= B=)all dots dis&layed on sc%een# they a%e not &%inted they hel& in 3isually aligning objects on sc%een and sho/ the li)its of /o%'ing a%ea.C if they a%e not 3isible by &%essing >7,+ button in the status ba% at lo/e% &a%t of the > ,.Auto!A+ )ain sc%een. Ma'e any f%ee hand using line co))and and )ouse# fo%get the accu%acy of the d%a/ing.
#o save your ne$ dra$ing
:%o) the :ile )enu# choose =a3e As. ,n the Q=a3e +%a/ing AsR dialog bo5 unde% :ile 8a)e# ente% a na)e fo% the d%a/ing# select destination in Qsa3e inR and choose =a3e. Auto!A+ auto)atically a&&ends the d%a/ing e5tension B.d/gC to the ne/ file na)e. Creating a ne$ dra$ing using Start from scratch option A Luic' /ay to begin a ne/ d%a/ing is to sta%t f%o) sc%atch# /hich sta%ts a d%a/ing that uses settings f%o) a default d%a/ing te)&late file. The setting you select dete%)ines default 3alues used fo% )any syste) 3a%iables cont%olling te5t# di)ensions# g%id# sna&# and the default line ty&e and hatch &atte%n file.
(nglish/Imperial3
!%eates a ne/ d%a/ing based on the ,)&e%ial )easu%e)ent syste). The d%a/ing is based on the acad.d/t te)&late# and the default d%a/ing bounda%y# called the d%a/ing li)its# is 1* T 9 inches.
"etric3
!%eates a ne/ d%a/ing based on the )et%ic )easu%e)ent syste). The d%a/ing is based on the acadiso.d/t te)&late# and the default d%a/ing bounda%y is 4*0 T *99 )illi)ete%s.
4ints 2 Guidelines $hen using AutoCAD commands
When using co))and line !o))ands often ha3e o&tions.sub0co))ands# /hich a%e dis&layed /ithin b%ac'ets. To choose an o&tion# ente% the o&tionUs ca&italiDed lette% Bu&&e%case o% lo/e%caseC on the co))and line. ,f an o&tion is &%eceded by a nu)be%# such as the !,7!1" co))and 4Point o&tion# ente% the nu)be% and ca&italiDed lette%.
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!o))ands a%e not case sensiti3e. =o)e co))ands dis&lay dialogue bo5 /hile othe%s dis&lay only o&tions at co))and line the%efo%e# al/ays 'ee& /atching co))and line fo% o&tions /hile /o%'ing in Auto!A+ =&ace ba% can also be used as "8T"7 . 7"T 78 'ey ,f a co))and is in &%og%ess %elated hel& can gene%ally be accessed by &%essing :1 'ey. Aitting Q"8T"7R o% Q=PA!"?A7R at Q!;MMA8+R &%o)&t /ill %e0in3o'e the last co))and. P%essing Q"=!R 'ey is you% best f%iend fo% getting out of stic'y situations.
Accelerator 5eys/function /eys

se Accele%ato% $eys.function 'eys to toggle )odes Q;nR - Q;::R. :o% e5a)&le# :1 V Ael& :* V =/itches state of te5t /indo/ :4 V ;=8AP on o% off. :6 V !;;7+,8AT"= on o% off. :9 V >7,+M;+" on o% off. :8 V ;7TA;M;+" on o% off. :9 V =8APM;+" on o% off. Save often ! ! ! !
Standard 6aper Si7es
Met%ic ,=;# ,)&e%ial A8=, and =A A%chitectu%al a%e the /o%ldHs to& standa%ds fo% &a&e% siDes. ;f these )et%ic is nu)be% oneW An A0 sheet is 1)X. This allo/s &a&e% /eights to be e5&%essed in g%a)s &e% sLua%e )ete%. "5a)&leJ 110gs) &a&e%. The %atio 0 length to /idth 0 of ,=; sheets is 1 to the =Lua%e 7oot *. This %elationshi& of 1J=L %oot * is &a%ticula%ly i)&o%tant fo% %eduction onto )ic%ofil)# o% %eduction and enla%ge)ent on &hotoco&ie%s. All )et%ic eLui&)ent including )ic%ofil) ca)e%as# )ic%ofil) &%inte%s# &hotoco&ie%s# and e3en d%a/ing &en siDes# a%e designed a%ound this %atio. This )a'es the &%ocess of a%chi3ing d%a/ings# %esiDing# and )odifying d%a/ings easy.
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The ,=; &a&e% siDes a%e de3ised in such a /ay that each s)alle% siDe is e5actly half the siDe of the &%e3ious one. ,f you cut an A0 sheet in half you get t/o A1 sheets. ;3e%siDeY sheets a%e used /hen it is desi%able to gi3e e5t%a &%otection to the d%a/ing sheets by &%o3iding a binding o% t%i))ing )a%gin.
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89
In ho$ many different $ays can $e enter a point or specify a location

(ntering a%solute/real coordinates9 Absolute !a%tesian !oo%dinate data ent%y style is :1; B All G # E - S 3alues a%e gi3en /.%.t fi5ed o%igin.C The si)&lest and )ost ele)enta%y fo%) of coo%dinate 3alues is absolute coo%dinates.
A%solute coordinates conform to the follo$ing format3 :1 ;
Ans/e% of this Luestion is 4 o% e3en )o%e.
;ne &%oble) /ith using absolute coo%dinates is that all coo%dinate 3alues %efe% bac' to the o%igin 0# 0 fi5ed in the lo/e% left co%ne%. 8o/# letHs )a'e ou% fi%st ste& into d%a/ing and lea%n about coo%dinate syste) by going o3e% these to&ics.
#ry yourself-#utorial
!o))andJ 1,8" !o))andJ =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0*#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ 4#4 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ "8T"7 ,n the e5a)&le gi3en abo3e# /e d%e/ the line# We ga3e the &oint info%)ation that is as'ed by Auto!A+ by ente%ing %eal.absolute coo%dinates in fo%) of 5#y. 1etHs continue to con3e%t it into a t%iangle. !o))andJ 1,8" !o))andJ =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0*#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ 4#4 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ 4#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M!lose. ndoNJ 0*#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M!lose. ndoNJ "8T"7
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A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- 8
:i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing /ith i)&e%ial settings by using sta%t f%o) sc%atch# and d%a/ it on a g%a&h &a&e% and t%y to co)&lete the table fi%st and late% d%a/ it on co)&ute%#
A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- <
:i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing /ith i)&e%ial settings by using sta%t f%o) sc%atch# fi%st on a g%a&h &a&e% and late% d%a/ it on co)&ute%#
A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- =
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<9 (ntering relative coordinates3 With absolute coo%dinates# the o%igin at 0# 0 )ust be 'e&t in )ind at all ti)es in o%de% fo% the co%%ect coo%dinate to be ente%ed. With co)&licated objects# this is so)eti)es difficult to acco)&lish and as a %esult# the /%ong coo%dinate is ente%ed# it is &ossible to %eset the last coo%dinate to beco)e a ne/ o%igin o% 0# 0 &oint. The ne/ &oint /ould be %elati3e to the &%e3ious &oint# and fo% this %eason# this &oint is called a %elati3e coo%dinate.
#he format is as follo$s3 >:1 ;
,n this fo%)at# /e use the sa)e G and E 3alues /ith one e5ce&tionJ the ( sy)bol that %esets the &%e3ious &oint to 0# 0 i.e. o%igin# and )a'es ente%ing coo%dinates less confusing. 1etHs )a'e the &%e3ious e5a)&le by using %elati3e coo%dinates. 1etHs d%a/ the sa)e t%iangle by sta%ting f%o) 0*#1 &oint# going 5 units in %ight di%ection and 4 units in u&&e% di%ection and end in sa)e 0*#1 &oint. #r$ $o%rself&#%torial !o))andJ 1,8" !o))andJ =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0*#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ ( 5#0 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ (4#0 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M!lose. ndoNJ ! As you can see# ente%ing %elati3e coo%dinates is done by using ( sy)bol f%o) the last &oint and ente%ing Z5#Zy 3alues. ( )eans that /e /ill ente% %elati3e coo%dinates.
+elative coordinate input-#utorial- 8
:i%st o&en a ne/ file /ith )et%ic settings# ,f Auto!A+ is al%eady o&en# close all files and# !lic' :ile )enu and choose 8e/# ,n the 8e/ +%a/ing dialogue bo5 select sta%t f%o) sc%atch and choose )et%ic - clic' ;$# 8o/ S;;M; T once to see all >7,+ a%ea. ,f you just sta%ted Auto!A+ than ,n the =ta%tu& dialogue bo5 select sta%t f%o) sc%atch and choose )et%ic - clic' ;$ Relati e Coordinate !ystem. ['H cha%acte% is used fo% %elati3e coo%dinate in&ut. Putting it at the beginning of an ent%y# the &lace you a%e on is conside%ed as the o%igin and the desi%ed coo%dinate %elati3e to this o%igin is ente%ed. ?%iefly# [(H cha%acte% )eans [with respect to.
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=ta%t 1,8" co))and# !o))andJ 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ &ic' any &oint on the sc%een at lo/e% left co%ne% of >7,+ a%ea# and follo/ the ste&s belo/. :i%stly# d%a/ a 1000unit line. =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @100,0 ["nte%H Then# d%a/ a 1000unit line th%ough E a5is. =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @0,100 The 800unit line is in negati3e G di%ection. =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @-80,0 The follo/ing )o3e)ent is in both negati3e di%ections of G and E a5es. =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @-20,-20 The last line is in negati3e E di%ection. =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @0,-80 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ P%ess "8T"7
+elative coordinate input-#utorial- <
:i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing /ith i)&e%ial settings by using sta%t f%o) sc%atch# and d%a/ it on a g%a&h &a&e% and t%y to co)&lete the table fi%st and late% d%a/ it on co)&ute%#
+elative coordinate input-#utorial- =
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+elative coordinate input-#utorial- ?
+elative coordinate input-#utorial - @
:i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing /ith i)&e%ial settings by using sta%t f%o) sc%atch# and fi%st d%a/ on a g%a&h &a&e% and late% d%a/ it on co)&ute%#
+elative coordinate input-#utorial-A
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+elative coordinate input-#utorial- B
=9 (ntering +elative 6olar Coordinates3 Anothe% &o&ula% )ethod of ente%ing coo%dinates is the &ola% coo%dinate )ode. The fo%)at is sho/n belo/J
> Distance C angle or > 0ength C direction
As the &%eceding fo%)at i)&lies# the &ola% coo%dinate )ethod %eLui%es a 'no/n distance and an angle. The ( sy)bol# %esets the &%e3ious &oint to 0# 0. The di%ection is &%eceded by the O sy)bol# /hich %eads the ne5t nu)be% as &ola% o% angula% di%ection. We 'no/ that angles inc%ease in counte% cloc'/ise di%ection in Auto!A+. The e5a)&le gi3en he%e e5&lains ho/ to ente% &ola% coo%dinates. #r$ $o%rself&#%torial !o))andJ 1,8" 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0*#1 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ (5O0 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ (4O90 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M!lose. ndoNJ c
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6olar coordinate input-#utorial-8
Many Auto!A+ use%s ha3e so)e t%oubles /ith angles. The %eason beyond this is the lac' of info%)ation about &ola% coo%dinate syste). "5a)ining the figu%e belo/# let us sta%t to lea%n &ola% coo%dinate syste). :i%st o&en a ne/ file /ith )et%ic settings# ,f Auto!A+ is al%eady o&en# close all files and# !lic' :ile )enu and choose 8e/# ,n the 8e/ +%a/ing dialogue bo5 select sta%t f%o) sc%atch and choose )et%ic - clic' ;$# 8o/ S;;M; T once to see all >7,+ a%ea. ,f you just sta%ted Auto!A+ than ,n the =ta%tu& dialogue bo5 select sta%t f%o) sc%atch and choose )et%ic - clic' ;$ :i%stly# let us d%a/ a coo%dinate &lane and lines /ith ente%ing length and angles. The fo%)ula fo% &ola% coo%dinate ent%y isJ 'length)angle Bbet/een the G a5isC. The length and angles of ou% lines let be 100 unit and 45 deg%ees %es&ecti3ely. To d%a/ the fi%st line# %un the line co))and# !o))andJ 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0#0 and &%ess ente% =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ
@100<45
The angle fo% the second line is 45 deg%ees less than 180. 7e&eat line co))and and !o))andJ 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0#0 "8T"7 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @100<135 and &%ess ente% The angle fo% the thi%d line is 45 deg%ees less than *90. 7e&eat line co))and# !o))andJ 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0#0 "8T"7 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @100<225 and &%ess ente% The angle fo% ou% last line is 45 deg%ees less than 460. 7e&eat line co))and# !o))andJ 1,8" =&ecify fi%st &ointJ 0#0 "8T"7 =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ @100<315 and &%ess ente%
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6olar coordinate input-#utorial- <
6olar coordinate input-#utorial- =
6olar coordinate input-#utorial- ?
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6olar 2 +elative Com%ined! coordinate input-#utorial- @
6olar 2 +elative Com%ined! coordinate input-#utorial- A
Dra$ing Aids
Introduction +%a/ing /ith Auto!A+ is %eally just li'e d%a/ing on a d%a/ing boa%d. Most ne/ co)e%s to !o)&ute% Aided +esign assu)e that they /ill need to lea%n ho/ to d%a/ all o3e% again. ,n fact# )any of the d%a/ing aids that Auto!A+ &%o3ides a%e analogous to t%aditional d%afting tools. This )eans that in )any %es&ects# the d%a/ing techniLues a%e 3e%y si)ila%. "f you e er get stuck# think how you would complete a task on a drawing board and then look for a similar way to do it with AutoCA$. Grid command =tatus ?a% B%ight0clic' fo% settingsC Pull0do/n 8one $eyboa%d >7,+ o% :9
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The d%a/ing g%id is a %egula% &atte%n of dots dis&layed on the sc%een /hich acts as a 3isual aid\ it is the eLui3alent of ha3ing a sheet of g%a&h &a&e% behind you% d%a/ing on a d%a/ing boa%d. These g%id dots a%e not &lotted. Eou can cont%ol the g%id s&acing# so it can gi3e you a gene%al idea about the siDe of d%a/n objects. The g%id dots e5tend o3e% the a%ea you s&ecify as the g%id li)its. The g%id hel&s you align objects and 3isualiDe the distances bet/een the). ,f you Doo) in o% out of you% d%a/ing# you )ay need to adjust g%id s&acing to be )o%e a&&%o&%iate fo% the ne/ )agnification.
Command SeDuence/#ry yourself
!o))andJ >7,+ =&ecify g%id s&acingBGC o% M;8.;::.=na&.As&ectN O10.000PJ Bente% g%id s&acing e.g. Ty&e 1 - &%ess ente%# also t%y diffe%ent 3alues and obse%3e changes in the dis&layC
Study yourself 2 e)plore other options
Although you can use the co))and line to cont%ol the 3isibility of the g%id by using the 2;82 and 2;::2 o&tions o% by using the :9 'ey o%# bette% still# by clic'ing the >7,+ button on the status ba%. Ao/e3e%# the co))and line does offe% so)e additional o&tions. The =na& o&tion allo/s you to auto)atically set the g%id s&acing to the cu%%ent sna& s&acing Eou can also change the as&ect %atio of the g%id. ?y default# the G and E s&acing of the >%id a%e the sa)e# %esulting in a %egula% sLua%e )at%i5 of g%id &oints. ?ut you can dis&lay a g%id /ith diffe%ent G and E s&acing by using the 2As&ect2 o&tion. Eou can access g%id settings by %ight0clic'ing the >%id button on the status ba% and selecting =ettings@ f%o) the sho%t0cut )enu. Eou can also do this f%o) the &ull0do/n )enu # %ools $rafting !ettings& and clic' on the 2=na& and >%id2 tab. 0imits command Grid 0imits! Eou )ay ha3e noticed that the g%id does not e5tend infinitely in all di%ections. ,n fact# it is only dis&layed /ithin a finite %ectangle. Eou can cont%ol the e5tent of the 3isible g%id using +%a/ing 1i)its. Toolba% 8one Pull0do/n :o%)at +%a/ing 1i)its $eyboa%d 1,M,T= +%a/ing 1i)its is used to define the e5tent of the g%id dis&lay The g%id is dis&layed /ithin a %ectangle defined by t/o &ic' &oints o% co0o%dinates.
Command SeDuence/#ry yourself
!o))andJ 1,M,T= 7eset Model s&ace li)itsJ =&ecify lo/e% left co%ne% o% M;8.;::N O0.0000#0.0000PJBente% co0o%dinates *#*C =&ecify u&&e% %ight co%ne% O1*#9PJ Bente% co0o%dinates 8#9 C - obse%3e the change in g%id a%ea.
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()plore other options %y yourself
+%a/ing 1i)its can also be used to tu%n 1i)its )ode on o% off. 1i)its )ode can be used to cont%ol /he%e objects can and cannot be d%a/n. 1i)its is tu%ned off by default /hich )eans that the%e is no %est%iction as to /he%e &oints can be &ic'ed and objects d%a/n. When 1i)its is on# Auto!A+ /ill not allo/ &oints to be &ic'ed o% co0o%dinates ente%ed at the co))and line /hich fall outside of the s&ecified d%a/ing li)its. ,f you t%y to &ic' a &oint outside the d%a/ing li)its /hen 1i)its )ode is tu%ned on# Auto!A+ %e&o%ts to the co))and lineJ YY;utside li)its 1i)its )ode is useful if you 'no/ the e5tent of you% &lotted d%a/ing sheet and you /ant to &%e3ent objects being d%a/n outside of this a%ea. Ao/e3e%# +%a/ing 1i)its is )ost co))only used si)&ly to cont%ol the e5tent of the >%id. ,rtho command/,rtho "ode =tatus ?a% Pull0do/n 8one $eyboa%d ;7TA; o% :8 ;%tho is sho%t fo% orthogonal# /hich )eans eithe% 3e%tical o% ho%iDontal. 1i'e the othe% o&tions on the status ba%# ;%tho is not %eally a co))and\ it is a d%a/ing mode /hich can eithe% be tu%ned on o% off. ;%tho )ode can be toggled on o% off in one of th%ee /ays. The Luic'est /ay is just to clic' on the ;7TA; button on the status ba%. The a&&ea%ance of the button tells you /hethe% ;%tho is cu%%ently tu%ned on o% tu%ned off. When ;%tho is tu%ned on# the ;7TA; button a&&ea%s &%essed in. Eou can see ho/ this a&&ea%s by loo'ing at the status ba% illust%ation belo/. ,n the illust%ation# ;%tho is tu%ned on but >%id and =na& a%e tu%ned off.
;%tho can also be toggled on and off using the :8 :unction. :inally# you can also ty&e ;7TA; at the co))and &%o)&t as in the co))and seLuence belo/. With ;%tho )ode tu%ned on you can only d%a/ lines /hich a%e eithe% 3e%tical o% ho%iDontal.
#ry yourself1
Tu%n ;%tho )ode on no/ and d%a/ so)e lines to get a feeling fo% ho/ it /o%'s. !o))andJ ;7TA; "nte% )ode M;8.;::N O;::PJ Bty&e ;8 o% ;::C ;%tho )ode is &%obably the si)&lest of all the d%a/ing aids# and histo%ically one of the oldest. ,t is eithe% on o% it is off and the%e a%e no s&ecial settings to )a'e. Eou )ay not be su%&%ised to lea%n# the%efo%e# that its use has la%gely been su&e%seded by )o%e %ecent featu%es# &a%ticula%ly Pola% T%ac'ing BEou /ill lea%n late%C Snap "ode/Snap Command =tatus ?a% B%ight0clic' fo% settingsC Pull0do/n 8one $eyboa%d =8AP o% :9
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=na& )ode ta'es Auto!A+ one ste& fu%the% than the d%a/ing boa%d. With =na& )ode tu%ned on Auto!A+ only allo/s you to &ic' &oints at %egula% inte%3als.ju)&s. The =na& is co)&letely inde&endent of the dis&lay g%id. Ao/e3e%# the >%id s&acing and =na& s&acing a%e usually set to the sa)e 3alue fo% the ease of unde%standing.
Command SeDuence
!o))andJ =8AP =&ecify sna& s&acing o% M;8.;::.As&ect.7otate.=tyle.Ty&eN O10.0000PJ Bente% the %eLui%ed sna& s&acing in d%a/ing unitsC
()plore yourself
Although you can use the =na& co))and to tu%n =na& )ode on and off# it is )uch )o%e efficient to use the :9 function 'ey on the 'eyboa%d o% to clic' the =8AP button on the status ba%. The 2As&ect2 o&tion can be used to 3a%y the ho%iDontal and 3e%tical sna& s&acing inde&endently. 27otate2 is used to set the sna& g%id to any angle. Eou can fo%ce the dis&lay g%id to confo%) /ith the sna& g%id by setting the dis&lay g%id s&acing to De%o. The dis&lay g%id /ill then auto)atically change each ti)e the sna& g%id is changed. When =na& )ode is tu%ned on and the >%id is dis&layed# the =na& and >%id s&acing a%e the sa)e and the c%osshai%s /ill ju)& f%o) one g%id &oint to anothe% as you )o3e ac%oss the sc%een. This )a'es it 3e%y easy to d%a/ objects /hich ha3e a %egula% sha&e. The =na& co))and is used to set the sna& s&acing. All of the =na& 3a%iables can also be set using the &ull do/n )enu# Tools0+%afting =ettings dialogue bo5. 7ight0clic' on the =8AP button and choose =ettings@ f%o) the sho%t0cut )enu.
Direct distance input-#utorial
,%*ect3 !o)&a%ing the all coo%dinate ent%y )ethods# by c%eating this si)&le d%a/ing usingJ Absolute coo%dinate )ethod. 7elati3e coo%dinate )ethod. Pola% coo%dinate )ethod. +i%ect distance ent%y )ethod Using direct distance entry #ime saving ! A )ethod to s&ecify a second &oint by fi%st )o3ing the cu%se% to indicate the di%ection and then ente%ing a distance. ,f o%tho is tu%ned ;8 B;% Pola% t%ac'ing is used.C only then /e can )a'e accu%ate ho%iDontal and 3e%tical lines othe%/ise this )ethod does not gi3e us accu%acy in d%a/ing lines. 6rocedure3 =ta%t the soft/a%e\ o&en a ne/ d%a/ing using sta%t f%o) sc%atch and "nglish . ,)&e%ial o&tion. Tu%n ;8 the >7,+.
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Ma'e the object d%a/ing fou% ti)es B"ach ti)e change the colo% of line /hen using diffe%ent )ethods by using object &%o&e%ties toolba%C by follo/ing all fou% )ethods se&a%ately in the sa)e d%a/ing one o3e% the othe%. And t%y to unde%stand diffe%ence bet/een these )ethods.
A,sol%te -et.od Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e Ty&e 1 o% 1,8" - P%ess "nte% *#* - P%ess "nte% 8#* - P%ess "nte% 8#4 - P%ess "nte% 6#4 - P%ess "nte% 6#6 - P%ess "nte% 4#6 - P%ess "nte% 4#8 - P%ess "nte% *#8 - P%ess "nte% * # * "nte%# "sc."nte% Relative -et.o d 1 "nte% *#* "nte% ( 6 # 0 "nte% ( 0 # * "nte% ( 0* # 0 "nte% ( 0 # * "nte% ( 0* # 0 "nte% ( 0 # * "nte% ( 0* # 0 "nte% ! "nte% Polar -et.od 1 "nte% *#* "nte% ( 6 O 0 "nte% ( * O 90 "nte% ( * O 180 "nte% ( * O 90 "nte% ( * O 180 "nte% ( * O 90 "nte% ( * O 180 "nte% ! "nte% Direct Distance /ntr$ -et.od 1 "nte% *#* "nte% Mo3e cu%se% %ight# ty&e 6# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% u&# ty&e *# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% left# ty&e *# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% u&# ty&e *# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% left # ty&e *# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% u&# ty&e *# "nte% Mo3e cu%se% left# ty&e * # "nte% ! "nte%
U-I#S command/Dra$ing Units Dialog Eo)
.ormat menu3 Units Command entry3 units (or Funits for transparent use) +efines the unit and angle fo%)ats.
0ength =&ecifies the cu%%ent unit of )easu%e)ent and the &%ecision fo% the cu%%ent units. %ype =ets the cu%%ent fo%)at fo% units of )easu%e. The 3alues include A%chitectu%al# +eci)al# "nginee%ing# :%actional# and =cientific. The "nginee%ing and A%chitectu%al fo%)ats &%oduce feet0and0 inches dis&lays and assu)e that each d%a/ing unit %e&%esents one inch. The othe% fo%)ats can %e&%esent any %eal0/o%ld unit. 'recision =ets the nu)be% of deci)al &laces o% f%actional siDe dis&layed fo% linea% )easu%e)ents.
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-ote3-4o$ to enter different units for length Synta)! "nte% feet and inches using the follo/ing fo%)at.synta5J feetU0inches2 o% feetH inches2 o% feet inches Eou can se&a%ate feet# inches# and f%actional inches /ith a dash# a s&ace# o% nothing. Eou can use any of the follo/ing synta5 cases to ente% 3alid feet0inch fo%)atted 3aluesJ 5H o% 60R 5H09R o% 5H 9R o% 5H9R 5H01.*R o% 5H 1.*R o% 5H1.*R 5H0901.*R o% 5H 901.*R o% 5H901.*R 5H09 1.*R o% 5H 9 1.*R o% 5H9 1.*R To designate inches fo% linea% calculations# ente%ing double Luotes BQC is o&tional. :o% e5a)&le# instead of ente%ing 5H901.*R# you could ente% 5H901.*. Wa%ning With i)&e%ial units# !A1 inte%&%ets a )inus o% a dash B0C as a unit se&a%ato% %athe% than a subt%action o&e%ation. To s&ecify subt%action# include at least one s&ace befo%e o% afte% the )inus sign. :o% e5a)&le# to subt%act 9R f%o) 5H# ente% 5H 09R %athe% than 5H09R. Angle =&ecifies the cu%%ent angle fo%)at and the &%ecision fo% the cu%%ent angle dis&lay.
#ype
=ets the cu%%ent angle fo%)at.

6recision
=ets the &%ecision fo% the cu%%ent angle dis&lay.

Cloc/$ise
!alculates &ositi3e angles in the cloc'/ise di%ection. The default di%ection fo% &ositi3e angles is counte%cloc'/ise. Insertion Scale !ont%ols the unit of )easu%e)ent fo% bloc's and d%a/ings that a%e inse%ted into the cu%%ent d%a/ing. A bloc' o% a d%a/ing that is c%eated /ith units that a%e diffe%ent f%o) the units s&ecified /ith this o&tion is scaled /hen inse%ted. The inse%tion scale is the %atio of the units used in the sou%ce bloc' o% d%a/ing and the units used in the ta%get d%a/ing. =elect nitless to inse%t the bloc' /ithout scaling it to )atch the s&ecified units. Sample ,utput +is&lays an e5a)&le of the cu%%ent settings fo% units and angles. Direction +efines the angle fo% 0 deg%ees and s&ecifies the di%ection in /hich angles a%e )easu%ed. When &%o)&ted fo% an angle.
Ease Angle
"ast# 8o%th# West - =outh# =ets the di%ection of the De%o angle.
,ther
=&ecifies a di%ection diffe%ent f%o) the &oints of the co)&ass.

Angle
=&ecifies a 3alue fo% the De%o angle /hen othe% is selected# you can s&ecify the angle by ente%ing a 3alue.
6ic/ an Angle Eutton
+efines the De%o angle in the g%a&hics a%ea based on the angle of an i)agina%y line that connects any t/o &oints you s&ecify /ith the &ointing de3ice. A3ailable only /hen othe% is selected.
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CI+C0( Command
Along /ith 1ine and Polyline# the !i%cle co))and is &%obably one of the )ost f%eLuently used. :o%tunately it is also one of the si)&lest. Ao/e3e%# in co))on /ith the othe% co))ands in this section the%e a%e a nu)be% of o&tions that can hel& you
const%uct just the ci%cle you need. Most of these o&tions a%e self e5&lanato%y. The !i%cle co))and# fo% e5a)&le# offe%s 6 /ays to c%eate a ci%cle# #ry yourself-#utorial Command: !,7!1"
Specify center point for circle or [3P 2P !tr "tan tan radi#$%&:
B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e 6#6C

Specify radi#$ of circle or ['iameter& B&ic' P* any/he%e o%
ty&e *.5 as %adiusC
()plore and practice various circle command options :o% e5a)&le# the ci%cle co))and gi3es you th%ee e5t%a o&tions to define a ci%cle. 4P /hich uses any th%ee &oints on the ci%cu)fe%ence# *P /hich uses t/o &oints on the ci%cu)fe%ence to fo%) a dia)ete% and Tt% /hich stands fo% Tangent Tangent 7adius. ;b3iously to use this last o&tion you need to ha3e d%a/n t/o lines /hich you can use as tangents to the ci%cle. T%y these o&tions out to see ho/ they /o%'. 8ote that to in3o'e a co))and o&tion\ you need only ty&e the u&&e%0case &a%t of the o&tion na)e. :o% e5a)&le# if you /ant to use the Tt% o&tion# you need only ente% 2T2. The%e a%e t/o )o%e ci%cle o&tions on the &ull0do/n )enu that enable you to d%a/ a ci%cle by defining the cente% and dia)ete% o% by using 4 tangents.
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Pa e *8 of !"
()ercise
+(C#A-G0( Command
The 7ectangle co))and is used to d%a/ a %ectangle /hose sides a%e 3e%tical and ho%iDontal. The &osition and siDe of the %ectangle a%e defined by &ic'ing t/o diagonal co%ne%s. The %ectangle isnUt %eally an Auto!A+ object at all. ,t is# in fact# just a closed &olyline /hich is auto)atically d%a/n fo% you. #ry yourself-#utorial1 :i%st# ;&en an i)&e%ial file by using sta%t f%o) sc%atch o&tion# Command: 7"!TA8>
Specify fir$t corner point or [C(amfer )le*ation +illet !(ic,ne$$ -idt(&:
B&ic'
P1 o% Ty&e 0 # 0C B&ic' P* o% ty&e 1* # 9C 8otice that# instead of &ic'ing a second &oint to d%a/ the %ectangle# you ha3e the o&tion of ente%ing di)ensions. =ay you /anted to d%a/ a %ectangle 8 d%a/ing units long and 5 d%a/ing units /ide. The co))and seLuence /ould loo' li'e thisJ
Specify ot(er corner point or ['imen$ion$&:
#ry yourself-#utorial Command: 7"!TA8>

Specify fir$t corner point or [C(amfer )le*ation +illet !(ic,ne$$ -idt(&:
B&ic' a + B&ic' a &oint to fi5 the o%ientationC
&oint
P1 any/he%e o% ty&e * # * C
Specify Specify Specify Specify ot(er corner point or ['imen$ion$&: len.t( for rectan.le$ <0/00000: 8 1idt( for rectan.le$ <0/00000: 5 ot(er corner point or ['imen$ion$&:
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Pa e *" of !"
Selecting o%*ects or Defining selection set
Introduction ?efo%e you sta%t to use the Auto!A+ Modify co))ands# you need to 'no/ so)ething about selecting objects. All of the Modify co))ands %eLui%e that you )a'e one o% )o%e object selections. A selection set can consist of a single object# o% it can be a )o%e co)&le5 g%ou&ing. Eou can c%eate the selection set eithe% befo%e o% afte% you choose an editing co))and. Eou can )a'e se3e%al changes to the sa)e selection set. Auto!A+ has a /hole %ange of tools /hich a%e designed to hel& you select just the objects you need. This tuto%ial is designed to de)onst%ate the use of )any of the selection o&tions. As /ith so )any as&ects of Auto!A+# de3elo&ing a good /o%'ing 'no/ledge of these o&tions can d%astically i)&%o3e you% d%a/ing s&eed and efficiency. ?efo%e you can edit objects# you need to c%eate a selection set of the objects. se one of the follo/ing )ethods to c%eate selection sets. Selecting Objects by Picking/Pointing with mouse. When you sta%t a Modify co))and such as "7A="# t/o things ha&&en. :i%st# the cu%so% changes f%o) the usual crosshairs to the pickbox and second# you /ill see the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t on the co))and line. ?oth of these cues a%e to let you 'no/ that Auto!A+ is e5&ecting you to select one o% )o%e objects. To select an object# &lace the &ic'bo5 o3e% a &a%t of the object and left0clic' the )ouse. When the object has been &ic'ed it is highlighted in a dashed line to sho/ that it is &a%t of the cu%%ent selection and the co))and line %e&o%ts 21 found2. Eou /ill no/ see the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t on the co))and line again. At this &oint you can continue adding )o%e objects to the cu%%ent selection by &ic'ing the) o% you can &%ess o% the =&ace ?a% to co)&lete the selection. +%a/ a ci%cle using the !,7!1" co))and# the siDe and &osition of the ci%cle does not )atte%. /rase t.e 0ircle1 #r$ $o%rself&#%torial #%torial "%ase the ci%cle using the "7A=" co))and# Modify "%ase f%o) the &ull0do/n o% Modify toolba%. Command: "7A=" Select o23ect$: B&lace the &ic'bo5 o3e% a ci%cle ci%cu)fe%ence and left0clic'C
1 fo#nd Select o23ect$:
f%o) the
B&%ess
to co)&lete the selection and e%ase the objectC
!%eating selection sets by &ic'ing objects can beco)e Luite tedious if you /ant to select a la%ge nu)be% of objects. <ust i)agine ha3ing to &ic' a hund%ed o% )o%e objects in a la%ge d%a/ing. :o%tunately Auto!A+ &%o3ides a nu)be% of selection o&tions /hich can hel& you select objects )o%e efficiently. When you &ic' one o% )o%e objects in %es&onse to the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t# you a%e effecti3ely c%eating a selection set. =election sets a%e an i)&o%tant conce&t in Auto!A+ because they can be used to g%eat effect# es&ecially /hen d%a/ings beco)e la%ge o% co)&licated. Window Selection/ Window or W, option The Windo/ o&tion is in3o'ed by ty&ing W in %es&onse to the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t. Windo/ allo/s you to define a %ectangle using t/o &oints in e5actly the sa)e /ay as the 7"!TA8>1" co))and. ;nce the /indo/ is defined# all objects /hich lie enti%ely /ithin the /indo/ /ill be selected.
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#ry yourself-#utorial :i%st d%a/ se3e%al ci%cles of any siDe as sho/n in figu%e and than# sta%t "7A=" co))and# Command: "7A=" Select o23ect$: W +ir$t corner: B&ic' fi%st co%ne% of selection /indo/C Specify oppo$ite corner: B&ic' second co%ne% of the selection /indo/C Select o23ect$: Bat this &oint you can eithe% select )o%e objects o% to co)&lete the selection set and continue /ith the cu%%ent co))and.C
Crossing Window Selection/Crossing or C option The !%ossing Windo/ o&tion is in3o'ed by ty&ing 0 at the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t and is a 3a%iation of the Windo/ co))and# A c%ossing selection is dis&layed as dashed line. The co))and seLuence is e5actly the sa)e but objects a%e selected /hich lie enti%ely /ithin the /indo/ and those /hich c%oss the /indo/ bo%de%
The ndo option ,t often ha&&ens that you inad3e%tently add objects /hich you donUt /ant to a selection set du%ing its co)&ilation. When this occu%s in the )iddle of a co)&licated selection it can be &%etty annoying. :o%tunately Auto!A+ allo/s you to undo the last selection )ade du%ing the co)&ilation of a selection set. All you need do is ente% at the ne5t 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t to %e)o3e the objects &%e3iously added. Selects !ll objects /"ll option The All o&tion is in3o'ed by ty&ing A11 at the 2=elect objects2 &%o)&t. Eou can use this o&tion to select all the objects in the cu%%ent d%a/ing# no &ic'ing is %eLui%ed. ;bjects on 1oc'ed o% :%oDen laye%s a%e not selected but objects on laye%s /hich a%e si)&ly tu%ned off a%e selected.
Use of ,EG(C#S-A6/,S-A6 to locate points H .= I "a/ing dra$ings accurately
Introduction
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Pa e +1 of !"
#ools menu3 Drafting Settings Shortcut menu3 Right-click Snap, Grid, Polar, Osnap, Otrack, or Dyn on the status ar and click Settings! Command entry3 dsettings (or Fdsettings for transparent use) The ;bject =na&s B;sna&s fo% sho%tC a%e d%a/ing aids /hich a%e used in conjunction /ith othe% co))ands to hel& you d%a/ accu%ately. ;sna&s allo/ you to snap onto a s&ecific object location /hen you a%e &ic'ing a &oint. :o% e5a)&le# using ;sna&s you can accu%ately &ic' the end &oint of a line o% the cente% of a ci%cle. ;sna&s in Auto!A+ a%e so i)&o%tant that you cannot d%a/ accu%ately /ithout the). :o% this %eason# you )ust de3elo& a good unde%standing of /hat the ;sna&s a%e and ho/ they /o%'. This tuto%ial desc%ibes the use of all the osna&s. The%e a%e a nu)be% of /o%'ed e5a)&les /hich de)onst%ate ;sna&s in use. Using ,S-A6 through /ey%oard or ,S-A6 tool%ar
(-Dpoint The "nd&oint ;sna& sna&s to the end &oints of lines and a%cs and &olyline 3e%tices. This is one of the )ost useful and co))only used ;sna&s Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' /nd2oint $eyboa%d /ND B/hen &ic'ingC . "IDpoint The Mid&oint ;sna& sna&s to the )id &oints of lines and a%cs and to the )id &oint of &olyline seg)ents. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' -id2oint $eyboa%d -3D B/hen &ic'ingC I-#ersection The ,nte%section ;sna& sna&s to the &hysical inte%section of any t/o d%a/ing objects Bi.e. /he%e lines# a%cs o% ci%cles etc. c%oss each othe%C to Polyline 3e%tices. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' 3ntersection $eyboa%d 3N# B/hen &ic'ingC C(-ter The !ente% ;sna& sna&s to the cent%e of a ci%cle# a%c o% &olyline a%c seg)ent. The cu%so% )ust &ass o3e% the ci%cu)fe%ence of the ci%cle o% a%c so that the cent%e can be found. Toolba% ;bject =na&
to
and
the
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Pa e +* of !"
Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' 0enter $eyboa%d 0/N B/hen &ic'ingC 'UADrant The Kuad%ant ;sna& sna&s to one of the fou% ci%cle Luad%ant &oints located at no%th# south# east and /est o% 90# *90# 0 and 180 deg%ees %es&ecti3ely. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' Kuad%ant $eyboa%d K A o% K A+ B/hen &ic'ingC TANgent The Tangent ;sna& sna&s to a tangent &oint on a ci%cle. This osna& /o%'s in t/o /ays. Eou can eithe% d%a/ a line f%o) a &oint to the tangent &oint Bsee illust%ationC o% you can d%a/ a line f%o) a tangent &oint# the latte% is %efe%%ed to as the 2+efe%%ed Tangent2 sna& )ode. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' Tangent $eyboa%d TA8 B/hen &ic'ingC 6(+pendicular The Pe%&endicula% ;sna& sna&s to a &oint /hich fo%)s a &e%&endicula% /ith the selected object. As /ith the Tangent ;sna&# Pe%&endicula% can be used to d%a/ a line to a &e%&endicula% &oint# as in the illust%ation o% f%o) a &e%&endicula% &oint# 'no/n as the 2+efe%%ed Pe%&endicula%2 sna& )ode. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' Pe%&endicula% $eyboa%d P"7 o% P"7P B/hen &ic'ingC 6A+allel The Pa%allel ;sna& is used to d%a/ a line &a%allel to any othe% line in you% d%a/ing. ,n o&e%ation# this osna& is slightly less intuiti3e than so)e of the othe%s. To d%a/ a &a%allel line# fi%st sta%t the 1ine co))and# s&ecify the fi%st &oint /hen &%o)&ted and then sta%t the Pa%allel ;sna&. Ao3e% the cu%so% o3e% an e5isting line until you see the Pa%allel sna& )a%'e%. 8o/# )o3e the cu%so% close to a &a%allel &osition and a dotted line /ill a&&ea%# indicating the &a%allel. Eou can no/ &ic' the second &oint of you% line. The =na& Ti& also includes a %elati3e &ola% co0o%dinate. Toolba% ;bject =na& Pull0do/n =hift I 7ight !lic' Pa%allel $eyboa%d PA7 o% PA7A B/hen &ic'ingC
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Pa e ++ of !"
()ercises
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Pa e +4 of !"
#+I" command
Modify toolba%J Modify )enuJ T%i) !o))and ent%yJ t%i) T%i)s objects at a cutting edge defined by othe% objects #o trim an o%*ect 1.!lic' Modify )enu ] T%i). *.!u%%ent settingsJ P%ojection V current "dge V current =elect cutting edges... =elect objects o% Oselect allPJ !elect one or more objects to ser e as cutting edges and press "8T"7# or press "8T"7 to select all displayed objects 4.=elect object to t%i) o% shift0select to e5tend o% M:ence.!%ossing.P%oject."dge.e7ase. ndoNJ !elect the objects to trim.
.I00(# command
:illeting connects t/o objects /ith a s)oothly fitted a%c of a s&ecified %adius. Although in %eal /o%ld an inside co%ne% is called a fillet and an outside co%ne% is called a %ound# Auto!A+ t%eats both as fillets. Setting the .illet +adius first To set the fillet %adius :%o) the Modify )enu# choose :illet. "nte% % B7adiusC. =&ecify the fillet %adius. P%ess "8T"7 to %eente% the :,11"T co))and. =elect the objects to fillet.
1. *. 4. 4. 5.
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Pa e +5 of !"
C4A".(+ command
!ha)fe%ing connects t/o non&a%allel objects by e5tending o% t%i))ing the) to inte%sect o% to join /ith a be3eled line. Eou can cha)fe% lines# &olylines# 5lines# and %ays. With the distance )ethod# you s&ecify the a)ount that each line should be t%i))ed o% e5tended. The cha)fe% distance is the a)ount each object is t%i))ed o% e5tended to )eet the cha)fe% line o% to inte%sect the othe% object. ,f both cha)fe% distances a%e 0# cha)fe%ing t%i)s o% e5tends the t/o objects until they )eet but does not d%a/ a cha)fe% line. The default setting fo% the fi%st distance is the last distance s&ecified. The default setting fo% the second distance is /hate3e% you choose fo% the fi%st distance# because sy))et%ical distances a%e co))on. Ao/e3e%# you can %eset the cha)fe% distances. #o chamfer %y specifying distances 1. *. 4. 4. 5. 6. 9. :%o) the Modify )enu# choose !ha)fe% o% !o))and line !AAM:"7 "nte% d B+istanceC. "nte% the fi%st cha)fe% distance. "nte% the second cha)fe% distance. P%ess "8T"7 to %eente% the !AAM:"7 co))and. =elect the lines fo% cha)fe%ing.
#he (llipse Command
Toolba% +%a/ Pull0do/n +%a/ "lli&se A5is# "nd $eyboa%d "11,P=" sho%t0cut "1 The "lli&se co))and gi3es you a nu)be% of diffe%ent c%eation o&tions. The default o&tion is to &ic' the t/o end &oints of an a5is and then a thi%d &oint to define the eccent%icity of the elli&se. Afte% you ha3e )aste%ed the default o&tion# t%y out the othe%s. #ry yourself-#utorial Command: "11,P="
Specify a4i$ endpoint of ellip$e or [5rc Center&: B&ic' Specify ot(er endpoint of a4i$: B&ic' P*C Specify di$tance to ot(er a4i$ or [6otation&: B&ic' P4C
P1C
,..S(# command
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Pa e +! of !"
;ffset c%eates a ne/ object /hose sha&e &a%allels the sha&e of a selected object. ;ffsetting a ci%cle o% an a%c c%eates a la%ge% o% s)alle% ci%cle o% a%c# de&ending on /hich side you s&ecify fo% the offset. A highly effecti3e d%a/ing techniLue is to offset objects and then t%i) o% e5tend thei% ends.
Eou can offset 1ines A%cs !i%cles "lli&ses and elli&tical a%cs *+ &olylines !onst%uction lines B5linesC and %ays =&lines #o offset an o%*ect %y specifying a distance 1.!lic' Modify )enu ] ;ffset. *.=&ecify the offset distance. Eou can ente% a 3alue o% use the &ointing de3ice to s&ecify the distance.ga& 4.=elect the object to offset. 4.=&ecify a &oint on the side /he%e you /ant to &lace the ne/ objects. 5.=elect anothe% object to offset# o% &%ess "8T"7 to end the co))and.
()ercise J ,val Wash Easin Assume missing dimensions1 if any!
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()ercise J .ancy Door Assume missing dimensions1 If any!
#he +ectangular Array
Toolba% Modify Pull0do/n Modify A%%ay $eyboa%d A77AE sho%t0cut A7 The A%%ay co))and )a'es )ulti&le co&ies of selected objects in a %ectangula% )at%i5 Bcolu)ns and %o/sC o% a &ola% Bci%cula%C &atte%n. The illust%ation on the %ight sho/s the %esults of a %ectangula% a%%ay /ith t/o colu)ns and th%ee %o/s. The distance bet/een %o/s is indicated /ith the di)ension DR and bet/een colu)ns /ith D0. When c%eating %ectangula% a%%ays it is i)&o%tant to %e)e)be% that ne/ %o/s a%e c%eated abo3e the o%iginal object and ne/ colu)ns a%e c%eated to the %ight of the o%iginal object. The %esulting a%%ay is# the%efo%e# al/ays c%eated /ith the o%iginal object in the botto) left hand &osition /ith %es&ect to the cu%%ent co0o%dinate syste). ,n the illust%ation# the o%iginal object is sho/n in dashed line and the ne/ objects in continuous lines. -ote3 ,t is &ossible to c%eate a%%ays /hich do not align /ith the (orld Co)ordinate !ystem by setting a User Co)ordinate !ystem fi%st
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#ry yourself-#utorial T%y c%eating this a%%ay you%self. :i%st ne/ file /ith )et%ic settings# d%a/ a *0 d%a/ing units /ide and 10 d%a/ing so)e/he%e in the lo/e% left Lua%te% of d%a/ing a%ea. 8o/ sta%t the A%%ay co))and. :i%st of su%e that the 7ectangula% A%%ay button selected and that you a%e loo'ing at the 7ectangula% A%%ay dialogue bo5 and no/ the ste&s belo/J
o&en a %ectangle units tall the
all# )a'e is follo/
1. !lic' the =elect objects button. The dialogue bo5 /ill te)&o%a%ily disa&&ea% enabling you to select the %ectangle you just d%e/. P%ess ente% button on you% 'eyboa%d to co)&lete the selection. Eou a%e no/ %etu%ned to the dialogue bo5 and the )essage i))ediately belo/ the =elect ;bjects button should %ead 21 objects selected2. *. "nte% the nu)be% of %o/s %eLui%ed in the 7o/s edit bo5. :o% this e5a)&le# ente% the 3alue 242. 8otice that the sche)atic &%e3ie/ on the %ight hand side of the dialogue bo5 u&dates to %eflect the 3alues you a%e ente%ing. 4. "nte% the nu)be% of colu)ns %eLui%ed in the !olu)ns edit bo5. "nte% the 3alue 2*2. 4. "nte% the %o/ offset in the 7o/ ;ffset edit bo5. This is the distance +7 as discussed ea%lie%. 8ote that is not the distance bet/een %o/s. ,n this e5a)&le# ou% %ectangle is 1 units high and /e /ill ente% a %o/ offset of 15. The %esult /ill be a 5 unit ga& bet/een %o/s of %ectangles. 5. "nte% the colu)n offset in the !olu)n ;ffset edit bo5. The sa)e &a%a)ete%s a&&ly as fo% the %o/ offset. "nte% a 3alue of *5 to gi3e a 5 unit ga& bet/een ou% %ectangles. 6. !lic' on the P%e3ie/ button. ;nce again# the dialogue bo5 disa&&ea%s and the s&ecified a%%ay is te)&o%a%ily d%a/n so that /e can &%e3ie/ it. We a%e no/ offe%ed 4 choices. ,f the a%%ay isnUt Luite %ight# clic' the Modify button to %etu%n to the A%%ay dialogue bo5. ,f you a%e ha&&y /ith the a%%ay# clic' the Acce&t button# the a%%ay /ill be &e%)anently d%a/n and the co))and is ended. Eou should no/ ha3e an a%%ay that loo's si)ila% to the one in the illust%ation abo3e consisting of 6 %ectangles a%%anged in 4 %o/s and * colu)ns. As you can se# this co))and is 3e%y &o/e%ful and can sa3e lots of ti)e if used ca%efully. -oteJ T%y negati3e 3alues s&ecifying +7 B 015 C - +! B 0*5 C in ste& no.4 - 5 # and see the diffe%ent a%%ays you get /ith such co)binations.
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()ercise J Ventilation 6anel
!o)&lete the d%a/ing of the 3entilation &anel. se the A%%ay co))and /ith the 7ectangula% o&tion to c%eate a total of 8 %o/s and 5 colu)ns.
()ercise
#he 6olar Array
The &ola% a%%ay /o%'s in a si)ila% /ay to the %ectangula% a%%ay. The )ain diffe%ence is that %athe% than s&ecifying the nu)be% and offset fo% %o/s and colu)ns# you )ust s&ecify a cente% &oint and the total nu)be% of objects in the a%%ay Bincluding the o%iginal objectC. #ry yourself-#utorial Eou can t%y this fo% you%self by d%a/ing anothe% %ectangle as desc%ibed abo3e. This ti)e# though# the %ectangle in the cent%e to& half of the d%a/ing a%ea. 8o/# sta%t the A%%ay co))and# the Pola% A%%ay button and follo/ the ste&s 1. =a)e as ea%lie% *. =&ecify the cente% &oint fo% the a%%ay. the &oint ! in the illust%ation belo/. can do this by ente%ing 5 and y co0
locate clic' belo/J
This is Eou
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o%dinates into the a&&%o&%iate edit bo5es if you 'no/ /hat these 3alues should be. Ao/e3e%# this is %a%ely the case and )ost often you /ill /ant to clic' the Pic' !ente% Point button to &ic' a &oint f%o) the d%a/ing a%ea. Pic' a &oint so)e/he%e belo/ the %ectangle you ha3e just d%a/n. 4. "nte% a 3alue fo% the total nu)be% of ite)s. :o% this e5a)&le# ente% the 3alue 262. 8otice that once again# the sche)atic &%e3ie/ u&dates to %eflect the 3alues you ha3e ente%ed. 4. Ma'e su%e that the 7otate ite)s as co&ied chec'bo5 is chec'ed.selected 5. =a)e as ste& si5 in ea%lie% e5a)&le The a%%ay you ha3e just d%a/n should so)ething li'e the one illust%ated left. Ta'e so)e ti)e to &lay a%ound the othe% o&tions in the A%%ay dialogue see /hat they can do. The illust%ation sho/s the %esults of a a%%ay using an o%iginal %ectangle co&ied ti)es about a cent%e &oint !# th%ough an of 460 deg%ees. The only diffe%ence bet/een the a%%ay on the left and loo' belo/# /ith bo5 to &ola% si5 angle
the one on the %ight is that the 7otate ite)s as co&ied chec'bo5 /as not chec'ed in the %ight hand e5a)&le. All ne/ objects c%eated /ith the A%%ay co))and /ill inhe%it the object &%o&e%ties of the o%iginal object.
()ercises J 6olar array
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()ercises Door1 Windo$ 2 Chair!
#he Copy and "ove Commands

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With !o&y co))and you can c%eate !o&ies.du&licates of objects at a s&ecified distance in a s&ecified di%ection #ry yourself-#utorial :i%st sta%t a d%a/ing /ith i)&e%ial settings# d%a/ the figu%e sho/ belo/# !o))andJ 7ectangle =&ecify fi%st co%ne% &oint o% M!ha)fe%."le3ation.:illet.Thic'ness.WidthNJ &ic' a &oint P1 =&ecify othe% co%ne% &oint o% MA%ea.+i)ensions.7otationNJ Ty&e (*# ente% 8o/ sta%t 1ine co))and !o))andJ ^line =&ecify fi%st &ointJ =elect the lo/e% left co%ne% of as sta%t &oint of line =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ =elect the u&&e% %ight co%ne% of as end of line =&ecify ne5t &oint o% M ndoNJ P%ess ente% to end the 1ine co))and
any/he%e 1 and &%ess
%ectangle P1 %ectangle P*
=ta%t !i%cle co))and to d%a/ the ci%cle !o))andJ ci%cle =&ecify cente% &oint fo% ci%cle o% M4P.*P.Tt% Btan tan %adiusCNJ Pic' the )id &oint of the diagonal line =&ecify %adius of ci%cle o% M+ia)ete%N O0.41*6PJ Ty&e 0.*5 To c%eate a co&y.du&licate of the %ectangle at a ga& of one inch f%o) the &%e3ious %ectangle. =ta%t !o&y co))and by any one of the follo/ing )ethods
!o))andJ co&y =elect objectsJ =elect the %ectangle only =elect objectsJ P%ess ente% to end selection =&ecify base &oint o% M+is&lace)entN O+is&lace)entPJ =elect lo/e% left co%ne% of the %ectangle P1 =&ecify second &oint o% Ouse fi%st &oint as dis&lace)entPJ Ty&e (4# 0 and &%ess ente% =&ecify second &oint o% M"5it. ndoN O"5itPJ B,f you /ant to c%eate )o%e co&ies s&ecify ne5t locationC ?ut no/ &%ess ente% to end co&y co))and
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With Mo3e co))and you can )o3e objects at a s&ecified distance and di%ection f%o) the o%iginals. The Mo3e co))and /o%'s in a si)ila% /ay to the !o&y co))and e5ce&t that no du&licate.co&y is )ade# the selected objectBsC is si)&ly )o3ed.shifted f%o) one location to anothe%. To )o3e.shift the diagonal line and ci%cle sta%t )o3e co))and by any one of the follo/ing )ethods#
!o))andJ )o3e =elect objectsJ =elect the diagonal line =elect objectsJ 8o/ select the ci%cle =elect objectsJ P%ess ente% to end )o3e co))and =&ecify base &oint o% M+is&lace)entN O+is&lace)entPJ =elect the u&&e% %ight co%ne% P* of the %ectangle =&ecify second &oint o% Ouse fi%st &oint as dis&lace)entPJ =elect u&&e% %ight co%ne% P4 of the co&ied %ectangle on the %ight side
6,I-# Command
Points a%e 3e%y si)&le objects and the &%ocess of c%eating the) is also 3e%y si)&le. Points a%e %a%ely used as d%a/ing co)&onents. They a%e no%)ally used just as d%a/ing aids in a si)ila% /ay that !onst%uction 1ines and 7ays a%e used. When adding &oints to a d%a/ing it is usually desi%able to set the &oint style fi%st because the default style can be difficult to see. The &oint co))and /ill inse%t a &oint )a%'e% in you% d%a/ing at a &osition /hich you &ic' in the d%a/ing /indo/ o% at any co0o%dinate location /hich you ente% at the 'eyboa%d. The default &oint style is a si)&le dot# /hich is often difficult to see but you can change the &oint style to so)ething )o%e easily 3isible o% elabo%ate
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using the &oint style dialogue bo5. Eou can sna& to &oints using the 8ode object sna& BEou /ill lea%n this /hen doing ;bject =na& tuto%ial fo% detailsC Points can be used fo% 2setting out2 a d%a/ing in addition to const%uction lines. Eou can !nap to &oints using the 8ode object sna&. #ry yourself-#utorial B+%a/ so)e &oints at 3a%ious locationsC Command: P;,8T
C#rrent point mode$: P'78')90 P'S:;)90/0000 Specify a point: B&ic' any &oint o% ty&e the coo%dinates
/he%e you button on you% doesnUt
/ant to d%a/ a &ointC =t%angely# in Multi&le Point )ode Bthe default fo% the Point the +%a/ toolba%C you /ill need to use the esca&e 'ey B"scC on 'eyboa%d to end the co))and. The usual %ight0clic' o% ente% /o%'.
Eou can sta%t the &oint style co))and f%o) the 'eyboa%d by ty&ing ++PTEP" o% you can sta%t it f%o) the &ull0do/n )enu at :o%)at Point =tyle@ The co))and sta%ts by dis&laying a dialogue box offe%ing a nu)be% of o&tions. To change the &oint style# just &ic' the &ictu%e of the style you /ant and then clic' the 2;$2 button. Any ne/ &oints c%eated afte% the style has been set /ill auto)atically dis&lay in the ne/ style. ;ne inte%esting as&ect of &oints is that thei% siDe can be set to an absolute 3alue o% %elati3e to the sc%een siDe# e5&%essed as a &e%centage. The default is fo% &oints to dis&lay %elati3e to the sc%een siDe# /hich is 3e%y useful because it )eans that &oints /ill %e)ain the sa)e siDe# i%%es&ecti3e of Doo) facto%. This is &a%ticula%ly con3enient /hen d%a/ings beco)e co)&le5 and the d%a/ing &%ocess %eLui%es a lot of Doo)ing in and out.
#he Construction 0ine Command

The !onst%uction 1ine co))and c%eates a line of infinite length /hich &asses th%ough t/o &ic'ed &oints. !onst%uction lines a%e 3e%y useful fo% c%eating const%uction f%a)e/o%'s o% g%ids /ithin /hich to design.
!onst%uction lines a%e not no%)ally used as objects in finished d%a/ings# it is usual# the%efo%e#nto d%a/ all you% const%uction lines on a se&a%ate laye% /hich /ill be tu%ned off o% f%oDen &%io% to &%inting. ?ecause of thei% natu%e# the Soo) "5tents co))and o&tion igno%es const%uction lines. #ry yourself-#utorial :i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing using sta%t f%o) sc%atch /ith i)&e%ial settings# Doo) out once and add.d%a/ so)e line using 5line co))and# Command: G1,8" Specify a point or [<or =er 5n. >i$ect 8ff$et&: B&ic' a &oint any/he%e o% ty&e 0#0C Specify t(ro#.( point: B&ic' a second &oint any/he%e o% ty&e 1*#9C Specify t(ro#.( point: Bto end C
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Eou )ay notice that the%e a%e a nu)be% of o&tions /ith this co))and. :o% e5a)&le# the 2Ao%2 and 26e%2 o&tions can be used to d%a/ const%uction lines that a%e t%uly ho%iDontal o% 3e%tical. ,n both these cases# only a single &ic' &oint is %eLui%ed because the di%ection of the line is &%edete%)ined. To use a co))and o&tion# si)&ly ente% the ca&italiDed &a%t of the o&tion na)e at the co))and &%o)&t. :ollo/ the co))and seLuence belo/ to see ho/ you /ould d%a/ a const%uction line using the Ao%iDontal o&tion.
()ercise -
#he 6olyline command
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The Polyline o% Pline co))and is si)ila% to the line co))and e5ce&t that the %esulting object )ay be co)&osed of a nu)be% of seg)ents /hich fo%) a single object. ,n addition to the t/o ends a &olyline is said to ha3e vertices Bsingula% vertexC /he%e inte%)ediate line seg)ents join. ,n &%actice the Polyline co))and /o%'s in the sa)e /ay as the 1ine co))and allo/ing you to &ic' as )any &oints as you li'e. Again# just hit to end. As /ith the 1ine co))and# you also ha3e the o&tion to auto)atically close a &olyline end to end. To do this# ty&e 0 to use the close o&tion instead of hitting . Eou )ay be /onde%ing# if Polylines a%e so useful# /hy bothe% using o%dina%y lines at all_ The%e a%e a nu)be% of ans/e%s to this Luestion. The )ost f%eLuently gi3en ans/e% is that because of thei% co)&le5ity# &olylines use u& )o%e dis' s&ace than the eLui3alent line. As it is desi%able to 'ee& file siDes as s)all as &ossible# it is a good idea to use lines %athe% than &olylines unless you ha3e a &a%ticula% %eLui%e)ent. Eou /ill also find# as you /o%' /ith Auto!A+ that lines and &olylines a%e o&e%ationally diffe%ent. =o)eti)es it is easie% to /o%' /ith &olylines fo% ce%tain tas's and at othe% ti)es lines a%e best. Eou /ill Luic'ly lea%n the &%os and cons of these t/o so%ts of line /hen you begin d%a/ing /ith Auto!A+. :ollo/ the co))and seLuence belo/ to see ho/ this /o%'s. Polylines can also be gi3en line /idths to )a'e the) a&&ea% solid. The figu%e sho/s a nu)be% of &olylines to gi3e you an idea of the fle5ibility of this ty&e of line. #ry yourself-#utorial Command: P1,8"
Specify C#rrent Specify Specify Specify Specify Specify $tart point: B&ic' P1C line-1idt( i$ 0/0000 ne4t point or [5rc <alf1idt( ?en.t( @ndo -idt(&: B&ic' P*C ne4t point or [5rc Clo$e <alf1idt( ?en.t( @ndo -idt(&: B&ic' P4C ne4t point or [5rc Clo$e <alf1idt( ?en.t( @ndo -idt(&: B&ic' P4C ne4t point or [5rc Clo$e <alf1idt( ?en.t( @ndo -idt(&: B&ic' P5C ne4t point or [5rc Clo$e <alf1idt( ?en.t( @ndo -idt(&: Bo% ! to
closeC
The figu%e on the left /as c%eated by hitting the 'ey afte% the fifth &oint /as &ic'ed. The figu%e on the %ight de)onst%ates the effect of using the !lose o&tion. T%y e5&e%i)enting /ith o&tions such as A%c and Width and see if you can c%eate &olylines li'e the ones in the illust%ation abo3e. Polylines can be edited afte% they a%e c%eated to# fo% e5a)&le# change thei% /idth. Eou can do this using the P"+,T co))and /hich /ill be discussed.taught late%.
#he Donut Command

This co))and d%a/s a solid
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donut sha&e. Auto!A+ as's you to define the inside dia)ete% i.e. the dia)ete% of the hole and then the outside dia)ete% of the donut. The donut is then d%a/n in outline and you a%e as'ed to &ic' the cent%e &oint in o%de% to &osition the donut. Eou can continue &ic'ing cent%e &oints to d%a/ )o%e donuts o% you can hit to end the co))and. =u%&%isingly# donuts a%e const%ucted f%o) single closed &olylines co)&osed of t/o a%c seg)ents /hich ha3e been gi3en a /idth. :o%tunately Auto!A+ /o%'s all this out fo% you# so all you see is a donut. #ry yourself-#utorial :i%st o&en a ne/ i)&e%ial d%a/ing file# and t%y this Command: +;8 T
Specify Specify Specify Specify in$ide diameter of don#t <0/50000: Bty&e * as inside.hole dia)ete%C o#t$ide diameter of don#t <1/00000: Bty&e 4 as outside dia)ete% C center of don#t or <e4it0: B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e *#*C center of don#t or <e4it0: Bto end o% continue to &ic' fo% )o%e donutsC
!u%iously enough Auto!A+ doesnUt see) to )ind if you )a'e the inside dia)ete% of a donut la%ge% than the outside dia)ete%# t%y it and see.
()ercise - 6rinted Circuit
!o)&lete the &%inted ci%cuit boa%d. se +onut /ith an inside dia)ete% of 0.1 and an outside dia)ete% of 0.* to c%eate the &ads. se Pline /ith a /idth of 0.1* to co)&lete the t%aces. se a 0.*5 >%id and >%id =na& to &lace all &ads B+onutsC on a &oint.
#he 6olygon Command
The Polygon co))and can be used to d%a/ any %egula% &olygon f%o) 4 sides 10*4 sides. This co))and %eLui%es fou% in&uts f%o) the use%# the nu)be% of &ic' &oint fo% the cent%e of the &olygon# /hethe% you /ant the &olygon inscribed B,nside a ci%cleC o% circumscribed*+utside a circle, and then a &ic' /hich dete%)ines both the %adius of this i)agina%y ci%cle and the o%ientation &olygon. The &olygon co))and c%eates a closed &olyline in the sha&e of the &olygon.
u& to sides# a &oint of the %eLui%ed
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#ry yourself-#utorial Command: P;1E>;8

)nter n#m2er of $ide$ <40: 5 Specify center of poly.on or [)d.e&: B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e 1*#0C )nter an option [:n$cri2ed in circle Circ#m$cri2ed a2o#t circle& <:0:
Bto acce&t the
insc%ibed defaultC
Specify radi#$ of circle:
B&ic' P* any/he%e o% ty&e * as a %adiusC
#ry yourself-#utorial
)nter n#m2er of $ide$ <40: 5 Specify center of poly.on or [)d.e&: B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e 1*#9C )nter an option [:n$cri2ed in circle Circ#m$cri2ed a2o#t circle& <:0:
B ty&e ! fo%
ci%cu)sc%ibedC
Specify radi#$ of circle:
B&ic' P* any/he%e o% ty&e * as %adiusC
#ry yourself-#utorial Command: P;1E>;8

)nter n#m2er of $ide$ <40: 5 Specify center of poly.on or [)d.e&: Bty&e " to define by edge lengthC Specify fir$t end point of )d.e: B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e 6#4.5C Specify fir$t end point of )d.e: B&ic' P* o% s&ecify length by any )ethodC
()ercises
#he Arc Command
The A%c co))and allo/s you to d%a/ an a%c of a ci%cle. The%e a%e nu)e%ous /ays to define an a%c# the default )ethod uses th%ee &ic' &oints# a sta%t &oint# a second &oint and an end &oint. sing this )ethod# the d%a/n a%c /ill sta%t at the fi%st &ic' &oint# &ass th%ough the second &oint and end at the thi%d &oint. ;nce you ha3e )aste%ed the default )ethod t%y so)e of the othe%s. Eou )ay# fo% e5a)&le need to d%a/ an a%c /ith a s&ecific %adius. All of the A%c co))and o&tions a%e a3ailable f%o) the &ull0do/n )enu. #ry yourself-#utorial Command: A7!
Specify $tart point of arc or [Center&:
B&ic' P1
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B&ic' P* any/he%eC
-ote3 ,t is also &ossible to c%eate an a%c by t%i))ing a ci%cle object. ,n &%actice# )any a%cs a%e actually c%eated this /ay.
()ercise J Dra$ing A+CS
()ercise J Eath #u%
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+,#A#( Command
#ry yourself-#utorial :i%st d%a/ a figu%e si)ila% to the one sho/n on %ight# o% d%a/ any othe% figu%e# =ta%t 7;TAT" co))and by using any one of the follo/ing )ethods
!o))andJ ^7;TAT" !u%%ent &ositi3e angle in !=J A8>+,7Vcc/ A8>?A="V0 =elect objectsJ =elect "ntities B=elect the a%%o/ onlyC =&ecify base &ointJ =elect the &oint a%ound /hich you /ill %otate the entities.B=elect the cente% of the ci%cleC =&ecify %otation angle o% M!o&y.7efe%enceNJ "nte% angle BTy&e 1*0 deg%ee angle - &%ess ente%C
0oading different line types into dra$ing file using 0inetype "anager
4ormat men%: 1inety&e 0ommand entr$: linet$2e Bo% 5linet$2e fo% t%ans&a%ent useC 1oads linety&es and sets the cu%%ent linety&e.
0oad
+is&lays the 1oad o% 7eload 1inety&es dialog bo5# in /hich you can load into the d%a/ing selected linety&es and add the) to the linety&e list.
Current
=ets the selected linety&e to be the cu%%ent linety&e.

Delete
+eletes selected linety&es f%o) the d%a/ing. Eou can delete only unused linety&es. The ?E1AE"7# ?E?1;!$# and !;8T,8 ; = linety&es cannot be deleted.
()ercises J Eed1 Des/top 6hone set 2 Slotted .lat 4ead Scre$
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Creating 2 formatting "ultiline / 6aragraph te)t
+%a/ toolba%J +%a/ )enuJ Te5t ] Multiline Te5t !o))and ent%yJ mte6t
#o create multiline te)t 1.!lic' +%a/ )enu ] Te5t ] Multiline Te5t. *.=&ecify o&&osite co%ne%s of a bounding bo5 to define the /idth of the )ultiline te5t object. The ,n0Place Te5t "dito% is dis&layed as sho/n abo3e. 4.,f you /ant to use a te5t style othe% than the default# clic' the a%%o/ ne5t to the Te5t =tyle cont%ol on the toolba% and then select a style. 4."nte% te5t. -ote Te5t that /ould othe%/ise be difficult to %ead Bif it is 3e%y s)all# 3e%y la%ge# o% is %otatedC is dis&layed at a legible siDe and is o%iented ho%iDontally so that you can easily %ead and edit it. 5.To o3e%%ide the cu%%ent te5t style# select te5t as follo/sJ To select one o% )o%e lette%s# clic' and d%ag the &ointing de3ice o3e% the cha%acte%s. To select a /o%d# double0clic' the /o%d. To select a &a%ag%a&h# t%i&le0clic' the &a%ag%a&h. 6.;n the toolba%# )a'e fo%)at changes as follo/sJ To change the font of the selected te5t# select a font f%o) the list. To change the height of the selected te5t# ente% a ne/ 3alue in the Aeight bo5.
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To fo%)at te5t in a T%ueTy&e font /ith boldface o% italics# o% to c%eate unde%lined o% o3e%lined te5t fo% any font# clic' the co%%es&onding button on the toolba%. =AG fonts do not su&&o%t boldface o% italics. To a&&ly colo% to selected te5t# choose a colo% f%o) the !olo% list. !lic' ;the% to dis&lay the =elect !olo% dialog bo5. 9.To sa3e you% changes and e5it the edito%# use one of the follo/ing )ethodsJ !lic' ;$ on the toolba%. !lic' in the d%a/ing outside the edito%. P%ess !T71I"8T"7. #o insert sym%ols or special characters in multiline te)t 1.+ouble0clic' a )ultiline te5t object to o&en the ,n0Place Te5t "dito%. *.;n the e5&anded toolba%# clic' =y)bol. 4.!lic' one of the o&tions on the )enu# o% clic' ;the% to dis&lay the !ha%acte% Ma& dialog bo5. To access the !ha%acte% Ma& dialog bo5# you )ust ha3e charmap.exe installed. =ee Mic%osoft` Windo/s` Ael& fo% info%)ation about adding &%og%a)s to you% syste). 4.,n the !ha%acte% Ma& dialog bo5# select a font. 5.=elect a cha%acte%# and use one of the follo/ing )ethodsJ To inse%t a single cha%acte%# d%ag the selected cha%acte% into the edito%. To inse%t )ulti&le cha%acte%s# clic' =elect to add each cha%acte% to the !ha%acte%s to !o&y bo5. When you ha3e all the cha%acte%s you /ant# clic' !o&y. 7ight0clic' in the edito%. !lic' Paste. To sa3e you% changes and e5it the edito%# use one of the follo/ing )ethodsJ !lic' ;$ on the toolba%. !lic' in the d%a/ing outside the edito%. P%ess !T71I"8T"7.
#he "irror Command
The Mi%%o% co))and allo/s you to )i%%o% selected objects in you% by &ic'ing the) and then defining the &osition of an i)agina%y line using t/o &oints. #r$ $o%rself :i%st c%eate a figu%e si)ila% to the sho/n abo3e and use )i%%o% !o))andJ M,77;7 =elect objectsJ B&ic' object to )i%%o%# P1C =elect objectsJ Bto end selectionC =&ecify fi%st &oint of )i%%o% lineJ B&ic' P*C =&ecify second &oint of )i%%o% lineJ B&ic' P4C +elete sou%ce objects_ MEes.8oN O8PJ Bfo% 8o to 'ee& the objectC 8otice that in the co))and seLuence abo3e# &%essing the 'ey as'ed /hethe% to 2+elete sou%ce objects_2 %esulted in a 28o2
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d%a/ing )i%%o%
co))and
o%iginal /hen %es&onse.
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This is because 28o2 is the default o&tion. Auto!A+ al/ays sho/s the default o&tion /ithin t%iangula% b%ac'ets# in this case 2O8P2. Many Auto!A+ co))ands offe% default o&tions. They a%e usually the )ost co))only used and you need only %ight0clic' and select 2"nte%2 f%o) the )enu o% &%ess on the 'eyboa%d to acce&t the). ,n o%de% to c%eate &e%fectly ho%iDontal o% 3e%tical )i%%o% lines use ;%tho.
()ercise J "irror the 6ulley
+%a/ one side of the &ulley sho/n in :igu%e. se the Mi%%o% co))and to co)&lete the othe% side# =a3e the d%a/ing as P 11"E.
()ercise J "irror the elevation
P%actice d%a/ing half of the figu%e sho/n belo/ and than use )i%%o% co))and to c%eate the o&&osite half. Assu)e any a&&%o&%iate di)ensions.siDes.
Creating 0ayers1 using 0ayer manager dialogue %o)-#utorial
,%*ect !%eate follo/ing laye%s# assign colo% and line ty&e to each laye% by using the laye% and line ty&e &%o&e%ties dialogue bo5. Introduction 1aye%s a%e li'e t%ans&a%ent o3e%lays on /hich you o%ganiDe g%ou& diffe%ent 'inds of d%a/ing info%)ation. The objects c%eate ha3e co))on &%o&e%ties including colo%s# 1inety&es# line/eights. An object can assu)e these &%o&e%ties f%o) the laye% it is d%a/n on# o% &%o&e%ties can be s&ecifically assigned
and you and to
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indi3idual objects. !olo% hel&s you distinguish si)ila% ele)ents in you% d%a/ings# enhancing you% d%a/ing and inc%easing legibility. ;%ganiDing laye%s and the objects on laye%s )a'es it easie% to )anage the info%)ation in you% d%a/ings. Eou can assign &%o&e%ties to laye%s as /ell as to indi3idual objects in a d%a/ing. ,f you /ant a s&ecific object to ha3e a diffe%ent colo%# 1inety&e# line/eight than the laye% it is d%a/n on# you can change the object &%o&e%ty setting. !o))on laye%s )ostly used in d%a/ings a%e /alls# doo%s# /indo/s# &lu)bing# elect%ical# fi5tu%es# st%uctu%al ele)ents# notes Bte5tC# di)ensions# ceiling# insulation# &osts# title bloc'# cente%# hidden# hatch# object and so on. 6rocedure The fo%)ation of laye%s in a d%a/ing in3ol3es the follo/ing ste&s. :i%st o&en a ne/ d%a/ing file using sta%t f%o) sc%atch and i)&e%ial settings. >i3e it a na)e B1aye% &%acticeC by using =a3e as o&tion in the file )enu.
Creating and -aming 0ayers
se any one of the follo/ing )ethods to dis&lay the 1aye% &%o&e%ties )anage% dialog as sho/n. 1aye%s toolba%J :o%)at )enuJ 1aye% !o))and ent%yJ la$er Bo% Ulaye% fo% t%ans&a%ent use o% alaye% to a3oid dialogue bo5C 1isted in the bo5 is only one laye% /hich is default 1aye%. >ene%ally d%a/ings a%e not c%eated on 0 laye%# instead it should be c%eated on ne/ly c%eated laye%s. To c%eate these 1aye%s# clic' on the Q8e/ 1aye%R button and notice a laye% is auto)atically added to the list of laye%s. This laye% is gi3en a default na)e Q1aye% 1R but you can ty&e ;bject he%e as this is the laye% /hich /e /ant to c%eate. P%essing.Ty&ing."nte%ing a co))a at the end of the laye%Hs na)e# allo/s )o%e laye%s to be added to the list of laye%s. ;nce the co))a /as ente%ed afte% the laye% Q;bjectR and the ne/ laye% a&&ea%s# ente% the ne/ na)e of the laye% as QAiddenR. 7e&eat this &%ocedu%e of using co))a to c%eate othe% desi%ed laye%s. The laye% listing /ill be as sho/n abo3e in figu%e e5ce&t the ci%cle on the colo% s/atch.
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Assigning Color to a 0ayer
As all the laye%s a%e dis&layed# the na)es )ay be diffe%ent but they all ha3e the sa)e colo% and line ty&e Bsee figu%eC. At this ti)e the dialog bo5 co)es in %eal handy to assign colo% and linety&es to laye%s in Luic' and easy )anne%. :i%st select.highlight the desi%ed laye% to add colo% o% line ty&es by &ic'ing the laye%. A ho%iDontal shaded ba% dis&lays that this is selected laye%. !lic' on the colo% s/atch identified by the ci%cle in the abo3e figu%e# and assign.select the colo% Q7edR fo% the QAiddenR laye% na)e. 7e&eat this &%ocedu%e fo% assigning colo%s to othe% laye%s.
Assigning a 0inetype to a 0ayer
the
;nce the colo% has been assigned to a laye% the ne5t ste& is to assign the line ty&e to the laye%. The QAiddenR laye% %eLui%es the line ty&e called the QAiddenR. !lic' on the Q!ontinuousR to dis&lay the select Q1ine ty&eR +ialog bo5 as sho/n in the figu%e beside. ?y default continuous is the only line ty&e loaded into you% file. !lic'ing on the 1oad button# dis&lays Q1oad ;7 7eload 1ine Ty&esR dialog bo5 as sho/n belo/. =elect.&ic' the desi%ed line ty&es B$ee& !t%l ;7 =hift 'eys &%essed /hile selecting )ulti&le line ty&es.C !lic' ;' button to %etu%n to the =elect 1ine ty&e dialog bo5. Eou /ill see that hidden line ty&e is listed along /ith the Q!ontinuousR. As the line ty&e has just been loaded# it still has not been assigned to the QAiddenR laye%. !lic' on Aidden laye% line ty&e listed in the select line ty&e dialog bo5 and clic' on ;$ button. ;nce the 1aye% and line ty&e &%o&e%ties dialog bo5 %ea&&ea%s# notice that the QAiddenR line ty&e has been assigned to the QAiddenR laye%. 7e&eat this &%ocedu%e to assign line ty&es to othe% laye%s. ,t is to be noted that /hen laye%s a%e fi%st c%eated they a%e listed in the o%de% they /e%e ente%ed.c%eated. When the laye%s a%e sa3ed and 1aye% - 1ine ty&e dialog bo5 is dis&layed again# all laye%s a%e %eco%ded al&habetically.
Deleting 0ayers
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+enaming 0ayers
Eou )ay /ant to %ena)e a laye% to bette% define ho/ itUs used in you% d%a/ing. Eou can %ena)e a laye% at any ti)e du%ing a d%a/ing session. Eou cannot %ena)e laye% 0. To %ena)e a laye% fi%st highlight.select the laye% na)e than 'ee& Alt 'ey &%essed and clic' the na)e /ith )ouse &ointe%.
WE0,C5 creating %loc/ outside the e)isting dra$ing file
To sa3e a bloc' o% object as a se&a%ate d%a/ing file At the !o))and &%o)&t# ente% /bloc'. ,n the W%ite ?loc' dialog bo5# Source3
8
Eloc/3 Allo/s us to select an e5isting bloc'.local bloc'
in the
cu%%ent d%a/ing to be sa3ed as a bloc'.file outside the e5isting d%a/ing# select a na)e f%o) the list. ;7 (ntire Dra$ing- =elects cu%%ent d%a/ing fo% c%eating a bloc'. ;7 ,%*ectsJ Allo/s us to select indi3idual objects fo% c%eating a bloc'# as )entioned abo3e# but /ith only diffe%ence# i.e. ,t also &e%)its us to s&ecify the location.destination outside the e5isting file# /he%e the /ill be sa3ed. nde% Objects # choose the =elect ;bjects
<
one bloc'
button to use the &ointing de3ice to select objects fo% the bloc' c%eation. The dialog bo5 closes te)&o%a%ily /hile you select objects fo% the bloc'. P%ess "8T"7 /hen you a%e done selecting bloc's. The dialog bo5 %eo&ens. Under Objects1 s&ecify /hethe% to %etain# con3e%t to a bloc'# o% delete the selected
=
objects. Eou )ay select any one of these o&tions. +etain3 $ee&s selected objects in the cu%%ent d%a/ing# in thei% o%iginal state. Convert to Eloc/ J "5isting selected objects a%e also con3e%ted into a bloc' B=ingle objectC. Delete: 7e)o3es.e%ases selected objects f%o) the sc%een afte% the bloc' is c%eated. nde% Ease 6oint1 ente% the coo%dinate 3alues fo% the inse%tion base &oint o% choose Pic'
?
Point button. Pic' Point button te)&o%a%ily closes the dialog bo5 so that you can s&ecify an inse%tion base &oint in the cu%%ent d%a/ing. Destination - !lic' on the button M...N to =&ecify the ne/ na)e and location of the file.
@
Eou can also choose the units of )easu%e)ent to be used /hen the bloc' is inse%ted in futu%e. The bloc' is sa3ed as a se&a%ate d%a/ing. !o))and line 789O0:
()ercise J Create 2 save as %loc/s
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Inserting or using a Eloc//WEloc//Sym%ol in a dra$ing
,nse%t toolba%J ,nse%t )enuJ ?loc' !o))and ent%yJ insert

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;7
-ame3 =&ecifies the na)e of a bloc' to inse%t# o% the na)e of a file to inse%t as a bloc'.
Ero$se3 ;&ens the =elect +%a/ing :ile dialog bo5 Ba standa%d file selection dialog bo5C /he%e you can select a bloc' o% d%a/ing file to inse%t. 6ath3 =&ecifies the &ath to the bloc'. Insertion 6oint3 =&ecifies the inse%tion &oint fo% the bloc'.
<
!pecify +n)!creen- =&ecifies the inse%tion &oint of the bloc' using the &ointing de3ice. ;1 =ets the . coo%dinate 3alue. <1 =ets the / coo%dinate 3alue. =1 =ets the 0 coo%dinate 3alue. Scale: =&ecifies the scale fo% the inse%ted bloc'. =&ecifying negati3e 3alues fo% the X# Y# and Z scale facto%s inse%ts a )i%%o% i)age of a bloc'. Specify ,n-Screen3 =&ecifies the scale of the bloc' using the &ointing de3ice. ;1 =ets the . scale facto%. <1 =ets the / scale facto%. =1 =ets the 0 scale facto%. Uniform Scale3 =&ecifies a single scale 3alue fo% .# /# and 0 coo%dinates. A 3alue s&ecified fo% . is also %eflected in the / and 0 3alues. +otation: =&ecifies the %otation angle fo% the inse%ted bloc' in the cu%%ent !=. Specify ,n-Screen: =&ecifies the %otation of the bloc' using the &ointing de3ice. Angle 3=ets a %otation angle fo% the inse%ted bloc'. Eloc/ Unit3 +is&lays info%)ation about the bloc' units. Unit3 =&ecifies the 3NS>N3#S 3alue fo% the inse%ted bloc'. .actor3 +is&lays the unit scale facto%# /hich is calculated based on the 3NS>N3#S 3alue of the bloc' and the d%a/ing units. ()plode: "5&lodes the bloc' and inse%ts the indi3idual &a%ts of the bloc'. When "5&lode is selected# you can s&ecify a unifo%) scale facto% only.
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()ercise J Creating and inserting a %loc//$%loc/
6+,G(C# J Constructing a %athroom plan
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()ercises
6rinting/plotting in model space
:%o) the :ile )enu# choose 'age !etup manager. ;7 use any one of the follo/ing )ethods 1ayouts toolba%J :ile )enuJ Page =etu& Manage% =ho%tcut )enuJ 7ight0clic' the Model tab o% a layout tab and choose Page =etu& Manage%. !o))and ent%yJ 2a eset%2 ,n the 'age !etup manager dialog bo5# chose 8e/. ,n the new page setup dialogue bo5# /%ite any a&&%o&%iate na)e in &lace of =etu&1 fo% the &%intout.&%int &%e03ie/ settings. !hoose ;$ to close the ne/ Page =etu& dialog bo5.
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-ote3 Eou can c%eate - sa3e se3e%al &%intout.&%int &%e03ie/ settings# and can &%int.%ecall.%e3ie/ any setting by choosing set cu%%ent in the &age setu& )anage% dialogue bo5 8o/ you see &age setup model dialogue box# #he page setup J"odel dialogue %o) =&ecifies de3ice and &%int settings# and &lots you% d%a/ing.
89 6rinter/6lotter
!hoose an a&&%o&%iate &%inte%

<9 6aper Si7e
+is&lays standa%d &a&e% siDes that a%e a3ailable fo% the selected &lotting de3ice. ,f no &lotte% is selected# the full standa%d &a&e% siDe list is dis&layed and a3ailable fo% selection.
=9 6lot Area
=&ecifies the a%ea of the d%a/ing to be &lotted. nde% What to Plot# you can select an a%ea of the d%a/ing to be &lotted. $isplay Plots the cu%%ent 3ie/ in the Model tab. 1xtents Plots all the a%ea of the cu%%ent s&ace of the d%a/ing that contains objects. All geo)et%y.d%a/ing in the cu%%ent s&ace is &lotted. 2imits When &lotting f%o) the Model tab# &lots the enti%e d%a/ing a%ea that is defined by the g%id li)its. (indow Plots any &o%tion of the d%a/ing that you s&ecify. When you s&ecify the t/o co%ne%s of the a%ea to &lot# the Windo/ button beco)es a3ailable. !lic' the Windo/ button to use the &ointing de3ice to s&ecify the t/o co%ne%s of the a%ea to be &lotted# o% ente% coo%dinate 3alues. !o))andJ =&ecify fi%st co%ne%J !pecify a point =&ecify othe% co%ne%J !pecify a point
?9 6lot Scale
!ont%ols the %elati3e siDe of d%a/ing units to &lotted units. The default setting is :it to Pa&e% /hen &lotting f%o) the Model tab.
@9 6revie$
+is&lays the d%a/ing as it /ill a&&ea% /hen &lotted on &a&e%. To e5it the &%int &%e3ie/ and %etu%n to the Page =etu& dialog bo5# &%ess "=!# &%ess "8T"7# o% %ight0clic' and clic' "5it on the sho%tcut )enu.
A9 6lot ,ffset
=&ecifies an offset of the &lot a%ea %elati3e to the lo/e%0left co%ne% of the &%intable a%ea o% to the edge of the &a&e% Center the 'lot Auto)atically calculates the . and / offset 3alues to cente% the &lot on the &a&e%. This o&tion is not a3ailable /hen Plot A%ea is set to 1ayout.
B9 Dra$ing ,rientation
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=&ecifies the o%ientation of the d%a/ing on the &a&e% fo% &lotte%s that su&&o%t landsca&e o% &o%t%ait o%ientation. 'ortrait ;%ients and &lots the d%a/ing so that the sho%t edge of the &a&e% %e&%esents the to& of the &age. 2andscape ;%ients and &lots the d%a/ing so that the long edge of the &a&e% %e&%esents the to& of the &age. 'lot Upside)$own ;%ients and &lots the d%a/ing u&side0do/n. Note : ,con %e&%esents the o%ientation of the d%a/ing on the &age as a lette% on the &a&e%.
K9 6lot Style #a%le
!hose )onoch%o)e fo% &%inting blac' - /hite only.

L9 Scale
!ont%ols the %elati3e siDe of d%a/ing units to &lotted units. The default setting is :it to Pa&e% /hen &lotting f%o) the Model tab.
4atching Areas 2 Gradient
Aatching fills a s&ecified a%ea in a d%a/ing /ith a &atte%n. Eou can hatch an enclosed a%ea o% a s&ecified bounda%y using the ?AAT!A and AAT!A co))ands. ?AAT!A c%eates associati3e o% nonassociati3e hatches. Associati3e hatches a%e lin'ed to thei% bounda%ies and a%e u&dated /hen the bounda%ies a%e )odified. 8onassociati3e hatches a%e inde&endent of thei% bounda%ies. #o hatch areas #ool,ar: +%a/ -en%: +%a/ Aatch 0ommand entr$: .atc. OR ,.atc. At the co))and &%o)&t# ente% hatch. ,n the Aatch and >%adient dialog bo5# fi%st choose Aatch 1. clic' AddJ Pic' &oints. ,n you% d%a/ing# s&ecify a &oint inside each a%ea that you /ant hatched# and then &%ess "8T"7. This &oint is 'no/n as the inte%nal &oint. *. ,n the &atte%n# 3e%ify that the sa)&le &atte%n is the &atte%n you /ant to use. To change &atte%ns# select anothe% &atte%n f%o) the Patte%n list. 4. ,n the Aatch and >%adient dialog bo5# )a'e adjust)ents# if necessa%y. nde% +%a/ ;%de%# clic' one of the o&tions. Eou can change the d%a/ o%de% of the hatch so that the hatch is d%a/n eithe% behind o% in f%ont of the hatch bounda%y# o% behind o% in f%ont of all othe% objects. 4. !lic' the &%e3ie/ to see ho/ the hatch loo's li'e# if it is acce&table than &%ess ente% else &%ess esca&e 'ey to see the dialogue bo5 again and to )a'e desi%ed changes. 5. :inally# !lic' ;$.
()ercise-6lacing #iles using 4atch
:i%st const%uct $itchen and ?ath%oo) by assu)ing any di)ensions.siDe and use Aatch co))and to &lace Tiles.
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()ercise-Using 4atch
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()ercise-+9C9C Column
Dimensioning on dra$ings
+i)ensioning is the &%ocess of adding )easu%e)ent annotation to a d%a/ing. EASIC #;6(S ,. DI"(-SI,-I-G Eou can c%eate di)ensions fo% a 3a%iety of object ty&es in )any o%ientations. The basic ty&es of di)ensioning a%e 1inea% 7adial B%adius# dia)ete% and joggedC Angula% ;%dinate A%c 1ength 1inea% di)ensions can be ho%iDontal# 3e%tical# aligned# %otated# baseline# o% continued BchainedC. =o)e e5a)&les a%e sho/n in the illust%ation.
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6A+#S ,. A DI"(-SI,-
Ae%e is a list of the &a%ts of a di)ension along /ith thei% desc%i&tions. +i)ensions ha3e se3e%al distinct ele)entsJ di)ension te5t# di)ension lines# a%%o/heads# and e5tension lines. +i)ension te5t is a te5t st%ing that usually indicates the )easu%e)ent 3alue. The te5t can also include &%efi5es# suffi5es# and tole%ances. A di)ension line indicates the di%ection and e5tent of a di)ension. :o% angula% di)ensions# the di)ension line is an a%c. A%%o/heads# also called sy)bols of te%)ination# a%e dis&layed at each end of the di)ension line. Eou can s&ecify diffe%ent siDes and sha&es fo% a%%o/heads o% tic' )a%'s. "5tension lines# also called &%ojection lines o% /itness lines# e5tend f%o) the featu%e to the di)ension line. A cente% )a%' is a s)all c%oss that )a%'s the cente% of a ci%cle o% a%c. !ente%lines a%e b%o'en lines that )a%' the cente% of a ci%cle o% a%c.
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Creating a dimension style
6+,G(C#S Constructing house plans Assume missing dimensions!
!onst%uct the floo% &lan sho/n in :igu%e. :o% the e5te%io% /alls use a 6R /idth and 4R /idth fo% the inte%io% /alls. se the Rectangle and 1llipse co))and to design the tub# /ash basin# and toilet o% you )ay use bloc's if you ha3e.
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185450450.

Taught by Majid Ali Wassan at M

Department Of Mechanical Engineering M.U.E.T. Jamshoro

Defining CAD / CADD

Ver Re sion lea se

Multi)edia 1and Manage)ent

!ity - 7egional Planning

Advantages of AutoCAD over manual/instrumental drafting

AutoCAD Graphical User Interface GUI! or "ain screen

Different $ays to start AutoCAD&

Kuic'ly sa3es the cu%%ent d%a/ing

Different $ays to access/start commands

Using Shortcut "enus

(rasing o%*ects / (+AS( command

+epeating last command

Changing the color of an o%*ect using properties tool%ar

#urning the tool%ars ,- and ,..

Undo command or Correcting mista/es

7e3e%ses the effect of co))ands

Coordinates systems used in AutoCAD

0I-( Command1 close1 undo and continue options

Understanding startup dialog %o)-#utorial

#o open an e)isting dra$ing1 clic/

4ints 2 Guidelines $hen using AutoCAD commands

Accelerator 5eys/function /eys

Standard 6aper Si7es

In ho$ many different $ays can $e enter a point or specify a location

Ans/e% of this Luestion is 4 o% e3en )o%e.

A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- 8

A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- <

A%solute coordinate input-#utorial- =

+elative coordinate input-#utorial- 8

+elative coordinate input-#utorial- <

+elative coordinate input-#utorial- =

+elative coordinate input-#utorial- ?

+elative coordinate input-#utorial - @

+elative coordinate input-#utorial-A

+elative coordinate input-#utorial- B

6olar coordinate input-#utorial-8

6olar coordinate input-#utorial- <

6olar coordinate input-#utorial- =

6olar coordinate input-#utorial- ?

6olar 2 +elative Com%ined! coordinate input-#utorial- @

6olar 2 +elative Com%ined! coordinate input-#utorial- A

()plore other options %y yourself

Direct distance input-#utorial

U-I#S command/Dra$ing Units Dialog Eo)

=ets the cu%%ent angle fo%)at.

=ets the &%ecision fo% the cu%%ent angle dis&lay.

=&ecifies a di%ection diffe%ent f%o) the &oints of the co)&ass.

B&ic' P1 any/he%e o% ty&e 6#6C

ty&e *.5 as %adiusC

#ry yourself-#utorial Command: 7"!TA8>

B&ic' a + B&ic' a &oint to fi5 the o%ientationC

Selecting o%*ects or Defining selection set

to co)&lete the selection and e%ase the objectC

Use of ,EG(C#S-A6/,S-A6 to locate points H .= I "a/ing dra$ings accurately

#he (llipse Command

()ercise J ,val Wash Easin Assume missing dimensions1 if any!

()ercise J .ancy Door Assume missing dimensions1 If any!

#he +ectangular Array

o&en a %ectangle units tall the

all# )a'e is follo/