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Introduction To Disaster Management: Course Manual
Introduction To Disaster Management: Course Manual
Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC) Disaster Management Version 1.0
Copyright
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Virtual University for the Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC) Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
1055 West Hastings Street Suite 1200 Vancouver, BC V6E 2E9 Canada Fax: +1 604 775-8210 E-mail: info@col.org Website: www.col.org/vussc
Acknowledgements
What is the Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC)? VUSSC provides some of the smallest countries with stronger economic opportunities through improved access to quality education. Through the VUSSC, learners from island nations in the Caribbean, Pacific, Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, as well as small countries in Africa, gain online access to open educational resources (OERS) designed to meet the development needs of participating countries. These non-proprietary course materials are used in the offering of credit-bearing qualifications at postsecondary institutions in the participating countries, strengthening their educational capacity and outreach. The courses will eventually be made more widely available for adaptation and use. The VUSSC Team wishes to thank those below for their contribution to this course manual: Gabriel Carrillo Tsepang Maama Edla Kaputu Patila Malua-Amosa Maria Kerslake Lumaava Brown Momodou Jain Sumeo Silu Emma Vaai Ioane Malaki Tatiana Anestik Terry Marler Aisha Carr Sal Maresi Isaia Gilbert Blake Keith Thomas Cheryl Andrea Nichols Fatimah Mumthaz Eileen Turare Faainu Latu Samuel Phineas Colette Servina John Sylvester Jim Knox Allanson Ioana Chan Mow Joshua Mallet Helena Fehr Lapana Ene Tili Afamasaga Charles McSweeney June McMillan Kelvin Malcolm Kretchet Douglas-Greaves Premchand Goolaup Kipli Minol Susana Tauaa Sameulu Faalafi Carlton Watson Valisi Tovia Joris Komen Paul West Jenny Williams Helen Askounis Dexter Belgrave Terrance Maxime Leighton Naraine Musa Sowe
This materials contained here were initially developed by the participants at the Samoa Boot Camp of the VUSSC educators and representatives from participating VUSSC countries the 4th in a series of Boot Camps being co-ordinated by the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) on behalf of the VUSSC. This fourth Boot Camp was made possible and organised by the National University of Samoa, in collaboration with the Samoan Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture (MESC) and COL. It was made possible with funding from the Government of Singapore and The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Further modifications were made to the materials once the workshop participants returned to their home countries using collaborative Web 2.0 technologies. Final (or near final versions) are posted to a COL-hosted website for viewing and downloading and can be viewed at http://www.col.org/vussc
Contents
About this course manual 5 How this course manual is structured ............................................................................... 5 Course overview 5
Welcome to Introduction to Disaster Management .......................................................... 5 Introduction to Disaster Managementis this course for you? ....................................... 5 Course outcomes............................................................................................................... 5 Timeframe......................................................................................................................... 5 Study skills........................................................................................................................ 5 Need help? ........................................................................................................................ 5 Assignments...................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessments .............................................................................................................. 5 Getting around this course manual 5
Margin icons ..................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 1 5 Overview of Disaster Management .................................................................................. 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Distinguishing between an emergency and a disaster situation .............................. 5 Types of natural and non-natural disasters .................................................... 5 Implications of disasters on your region and environment............................ 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 2 5 Disaster Management Cycle Phase I: Mitigation .......................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Disaster Management Cycle.................................................................................... 5 Disaster Mitigation .................................................................................................. 5 Mitigation strategies....................................................................................... 5 Hazard identification and vulnerability analysis ................................... 5 Mitigation strategies or measures .......................................................... 5 Disaster Mitigation and Infrastructure .................................................................... 5 Considerations ....................................................................................... 5 Disaster and Development ............................................................................. 5 The impact of disasters on development programmes .......................... 5 Vulnerabilities caused by development................................................. 5 Development programmes can decrease vulnerability.......................... 5 Developing a draft country-level disaster and development policy ........................ 5
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Contents
Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 3 5 Disaster Management Cycle Phase II: Preparedness..................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Disaster Preparedness.............................................................................................. 5 Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) .............................................................................. 5 The Emergency Operation Plan (EOP) ................................................................... 5 Developing and Writing the EOP.......................................................... 5 Mainstreaming Child Protection and Gender in Emergency Planning ................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 4 5 Disaster Management Cycle Phases III and IV: Response and Recovery..................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Disaster Response.................................................................................................... 5 Aims of disaster response .............................................................................. 5 Disaster Response Activities.......................................................................... 5 Modern and traditional responses to disasters......................................................... 5 Modern methods of disaster response ................................................... 5 Disaster Recovery.................................................................................................... 5 The Recovery Plan .................................................................................................. 5 Disasters as opportunities for development initiatives............................................ 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 5 5 Education and Public Awareness Part I: Community-based Initiatives ........................ 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Rationale for a Community-Based Approach ......................................................... 5 Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities................................................................ 5 Categories of stakeholders....................................................................................... 5 Government................................................................................................... 5 Non Government Organisations (NGOs)....................................................... 5 Regional and International Organisations / Donor Agencies ........................ 5 Island Councils / Local Government ............................................................. 5 Community Workers...................................................................................... 5 National/Local Organisations ........................................................................ 5 National and Local Disaster Managers .......................................................... 5 Trainers .......................................................................................................... 5
Policy Makers ................................................................................................ 5 Grass-roots people ......................................................................................... 5 Methods of Dissemination....................................................................................... 5 The Community Based Action Plan .............................................................. 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Community-Based Approach ........... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 6 5 Education and Public Awareness Part II........................................................................ 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Duties of Response Personnel ................................................................................. 5 Community Mitigation Goals................................................................ 5 Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan ................................................................. 5 Personnel Training ......................................................................................... 5 Volunteer Assistance ..................................................................................... 5 School-based Programmes............................................................................. 5 Hazardous Materials................................................................................................ 5 Ways of storing and safely handling hazardous materials............................. 5 Coping with Exposure to Hazardous Materials..................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self - Assessment.............................................................................................................. 5 Unit 7 5 Education and Public Awareness Part III ...................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Understanding Culture ............................................................................................ 5 Appreciating Culture and its Contribution to Education and Public Awareness.............................................................................................. 5 Indigenous knowledge systems...................................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self-Assessment................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 8 5 The Role of Technology in Disaster Management ........................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Emergency Management Systems........................................................................... 5 What is Emergency Management? ................................................................ 5 What are Emergency Management Systems (EMS)?.................................... 5 How useful is EMS? .............................................................................. 5 EMS and the Disaster Management Cycle: ................................................... 5 Who is responsible for EMS? ........................................................................ 5 Continuous Improvement ...................................................................... 5
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Disaster Management ....................... 5 What does GIS mean?.................................................................................... 5 GIS Applications............................................................................................ 5 GIS and the Disaster Management Cycle ...................................................... 5 GIS and Emergency Shelters................................................................. 5 GIS and Distribution of Relief............................................................... 5 GIS and Data Gathering ........................................................................ 5 Advantages of GIS......................................................................................... 5 Challenges of using GIS in Disaster Management ........................................ 5 Global Positioning System (GPS) and Disaster Management ................................ 5 What is GPS? ................................................................................................. 5 Application of GPS to Disaster Management................................................ 5 Remote Sensing and Disaster Management ............................................................ 5 What is Remote Sensing? .............................................................................. 5 Wavelength classification in Remote Sensing....................................... 5 Passive versus Active Remote Sensing ................................................. 5 Remote Sensing Satellites ..................................................................... 5 Remote Sensing in Disaster Management ..................................................... 5 Advantages of Remote Sensing ..................................................................... 5 Challenges faced using Remote Sensing ....................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self - Assessment.............................................................................................................. 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 9 5 Media and Disaster Management ..................................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 The Role of Media in Disaster Management........................................................... 5 Types of Media .............................................................................................. 5 Does the media play a special role in disaster management?................ 5 Impact of the media ....................................................................................... 5 Positive effects of the media:................................................................. 5 Negative effects of the media: ............................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 Self Assessment ................................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 10 5
Disaster Associated Health Issues Part I: Emergency Health Services and Communicable Diseases. .................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Emergency Health Services in Disasters................................................................. 5 Infrastructure and procedures in accessing emergency situations........................... 5 Possible organisation of an MCI management centre. Error! Bookmark not defined. Communicable diseases common in disaster situations.......................................... 5 Risk factors contributing to the spread of communicable diseases and outbreaks................................................................................................ 5
Preventing and reducing outbreaks of communicable disease in emergency/disaster settings ................................................................... 5 Communicable Diseases Control................................................................... 5 Monitoring and Evaluation of Communicable Diseases Control Programme ........................................................................................................................ 5 Rapid Assessment.................................................................................. 5 Health Education ................................................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self - Assessment.............................................................................................................. 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 11 5
Disaster Associated Health Issues Part II ...................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Potential vector-related species ............................................................................... 5 Appropriate strategies for controlling vector-related diseases....................... 5 Promoting the safe use of pesticides...................................................... 5 Environmental health: challenges and main constraints ......................................... 5 Promoting health and hygiene through implementing a sanitation programme ..................................................................................................... 5 Importance of water sources and the minimum standards for water quality and quantity ............................................................................... 5 Monitoring and evaluation of vector control measures and environmental health programmes in emergencies.................................................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self - Assessment.............................................................................................................. 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 12 5
Physical and Socio-economic Impacts of Disasters ......................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Types of impacts ..................................................................................................... 5 Physical Impacts ............................................................................................ 5 Social Impacts................................................................................................ 5 Animals in Disasters................................................................................................ 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self Assessment Activities................................................................................................ 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5 Unit 13 5
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Vulnerable Groups in Disasters ........................................................................................ 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 People with Disabilities........................................................................................... 5 Elderly People ......................................................................................................... 5 Internally Displaced People and Refugees.............................................................. 5 Women and Children............................................................................................... 5 Unit summary ................................................................................................................... 5 Self Assessment Activities................................................................................................ 5 Assignment ....................................................................................................................... 5 References......................................................................................................................... 5