AIRBUS FLIGHT CONTROL LAWS

High AOA Protection High Speed Protection

Load Factor Limitation NORMAL LAW F ight Augmentation !"a#$

Pitch Attitude Protection Ban% Ang e Protection

Lo# Speed Sta&i it'

Load Factor Limitation ALTERNATE LAW

High Speed Sta&i it'

"a# (amping On '

Load Factor Limitation ABNORMAL ALTERNATE LAW w/o Speed Stability "a# (amping On '

DIRECT LAW

FLIGHT CONTROL LAWS SU))AR"

NORMAL LAW Normal operating on!ig"ration o! t#e $y$tem% &ail"re o! any $ingle omp"ter doe$ not a!!e t normal law% Co'er$ ()a*i$ ontrol+ !lig#t en'elope prote tion+ and load alle'iation% ,a$ ( mode$ a ording to p#a$e o! !lig#t%

Ground )ode

Acti*e #hen aircra+t i, on the ground(irect proportiona re ation,hip &et#een the ,ide,tic% de+ ection and de+ ection o+ the + ight contro ,I, acti*e unti ,hort ' a+ter i+to++A+ter touchdo#n. ground mode i, reacti*ated and re,et, the ,ta&i i/er trim to /eroBecome, acti*e ,hort ' a+ter ta%eo++ and remain, acti*e unti ,hort ' &e+ore touchdo#nSide,tic% de+ ection and oad +actor impo,ed on the aircra+t are direct ' proportiona . regard e,, o+ air,peedWith ,ide,tic% neutra and #ing, e*e . ,',tem maintain, a 0 g oad in pitchNo re1uirement to change pitch trim +or change, in air,peed. con+iguration. or &an% up to 22 degree,-

F ight )ode

At +u a+t3+#d ,ide,tic% de+ ection ,',tem maintain, ma4imum oad +actor +or + ap po,itionSide,tic% ro input command, a ro rate re1ue,tRo rate i, independent o+ air,peedA gi*en ,ide,tic% de+ ection a #a', re,u t, in the ,ame ro rate re,pon,eTurn coordination and 'a# damping are computed &' the 5LAC, and tran,mitted to the FAC,No rudder peda +eed&ac% +or the 'a# damping and turn coordination +unction,Tran,ition to + are mode occur, at 678 RA during andingS',tem memori/e, pitch attitude at 678 and &egin, to progre,,i*e ' reduce pitch. +orcing pi ot to + are the aircra+t In the e*ent o+ a go9around. tran,ition to + ight mode occur, again at 678 RAPre*ent, pi ot +rom o*er,tre,,ing the aircra+t e*en i+ +u ,ide,tic% de+ ection, are app ied-

F are )ode

Load +actor Limitation

Attitude Protection

Pitch imited to 27 deg up. 06 deg do#n. and :; deg o+ &an%The,e imit, are indicated &' green < ,ign, on the PF(Ban% ang e, in e4ce,, o+ 22 deg re1uire con,tant ,ide,tic% inputI+ input i, re ea,ed the aircra+t return, to and maintain, 22 deg o+ &an%-

High Ang e o+ Attac% Protection !a pha$=

Protection,

When a pha e4ceed, a pha prot. e e*ator contro ,#itche, to a pha protection mode in #hich ang e o+ attac% i, proportiona to ,ide,tic% de+ ectionA pha ma4 #i not &e e4ceeded e*en i+ the pi ot app ie, +u a+t de+ ection

High Speed Protection=

Pre*ent, e4ceeding >)O or ))O &' introducing a pitch up oad +actor demandThe pi ot can NOT o*erride the pitch up command-

Lo# 5nerg' Warning=

A*ai a& e in CONF ?.2. or FULL &et#een 0778 and ?.7778 RA #hen TOGA not ,e ectedProduce, aura @SP55( SP55( SP55(@ #hen change in + ight path a one i, in,u++icient to regain a po,iti*e + ight path !Thru,t mu,t &e increa,ed$ALTERNATE LAW

I! Multiple Failures of Redundant Systems o "r+ t#e !lig#t ontrol$ re'ert to Alternate Law% T#e ECAM di$play$ t#e me$$age- ALTN LAW- .ROT LOST Ground )ode F ight )ode The ground mode i, identica to Norma La#-

In pitch a ternate a# the + ight mode i, a oad +actor demand a# ,imi ar to the Norma La# + ight mode. #ith reduced protection,Pitch a ternate a# degrade, to pitch direct a# #hen the anding gear i,

e4tended to pro*ide +ee +or + are and anding. ,ince there i, no + are mode #hen pitch norma a# i, o,tAutomatic pitch trim and 'a# damping !#ith imited authorit'$ i, a*ai a& eTurn coordination i, o,tWhen pitch a# degrade, +rom norma a#. ro degrade, to (irect La# 9 ro rate depend, on air,peedA protection, e4cept +or oad +actor maneu*ering protection are o,tThe oad +actor imitation i, ,imi ar to to that under Norma La#Am&er //0, rep ace the green < attitude imit, on the PF(A o# ,peed ,ta&i it' +unction rep ace, the norma ang e9o+9attac% protection o S',tem introduce, a progre,,i*e no,e do#n command #hich attempt, to pre*ent the ,peed +rom deca'ing +urther-

o o o o
Protection,

Thi, command CAN &e o*erridden &' ,ide,tic% inputT#e airplane CAN be $talled in Alternate Law% An audio ,ta #arning con,i,ting o+ @cric%et,@ and a @STALL@ aura me,,age i, acti*atedThe A pha F oor +unction i, inoperati*e-

The PF( air,peed ,ca e i, modi+ied=

o o o

>LS remain, di,p a'ed >ALPHA PROT and >ALPHA )AA are remo*ed The' are rep aced &' a red and & ac% &ar&er po e. the top indicating the ,ta #arning ,peed >SW

A no,e up command i, introduced an' time the airp ane e4ceed, >)O3))O to %eep the ,peed +rom increa,ing +urther. #hich CAN &e o*erridden &' the ,ide,tic%Ban% ang e protection i, o,tCertain +ai ure, cau,e the ,',tem to re*ert to A ternate La# #ithout ,peed ,ta&i it'"a# damping i, o,t i+ the +au t i, a trip e A(R +ai ureABNORMAL ALTERNATE LAW

Abnormal Alternate Law i$ a ti'ated i! t#e airplane enter$ an "n"$"al attit"de+ allowing re o'ery !rom t#e "n"$"al attit"de%

Pitch a# &ecome, A ternate !#ithout autotrim or protection other than Load Factor protection$Ro a# &ecome, (irect a# #ith mechanica 'a# contro A+ter reco*er' +rom the unu,ua attitude. the +o o#ing a#, are acti*e +or the remainder o+ the + ight=

o o o

Pitch= A ternate a# #ithout protection, and #ith autotrimRo = (irect a# "a#= A ternate a#

There i, no re*er,ion to (irect a# #hen the anding gear i, e4tendedDIRECT LAW

Dire t law i$ t#e lowe$t le'el o! omp"ter !lig#t ontrol and o m"ltiple !ail"re$%

"r$ wit# ertain

Pi ot contro input, are tran,mitted unmodi+ied to the contro ,ur+ace,. pro*iding a direct re ation,hip &et#een ,ide,tic% and contro ,ur+aceContro ,en,iti*it' depend, on air,peed and NO autotrimming i, a*ai a& eAn am&er me,,age 1SE MAN .ITC, TRIM appear, on the PF(I+ the + ight contro , degrade to A ternate La#. (irect La# automatica ' &ecome, acti*e #hen the anding gear i, e4tended i+ no autopi ot, are

engaged- I+ an autopi ot i, engaged. the airp ane #i remain in A ternate La# unti the autopi ot i, di,connectedThere are no protection, pro*ided in (irect La#. ho#e*er o*er,peed and ,ta aura #arning, are pro*idedThe PF( air,peed ,ca e remain, the ,ame a, in A ternate La#MEC,ANICAL BAC21.

In a$e o! a omplete lo$$ o! ele tri al !lig#t ontrol $ignal$+ t#e air ra!t an be temporarily ontrolled by me #ani al mode%

Pitch contro i, achie*ed through the hori/onta ,ta&i i/er &' u,ing the manua trim #hee Latera contro i, accomp i,hed u,ing the rudder peda ,Both contro , re1uire h'drau ic po#er-

A red MAN .ITC, TRIM ONL3 #arning appear, on the PF(-