BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA Sekolah Tinggi Melaka

MELIORA HIC SEQUAMUR KE ARAH KECEMERLANGAN PENDIDIKAN

BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA

CHEMISTRY
( ACIDS AND BASES ) By Hj Abdul Rasid bin Bakar Pn. Farida b! S uk"r PANITIA SAINS #KIMIA$ SMK TINGGI MELAKA

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BENGKEL BIMBINGAN BERKALA % SABT&

1 The table below is the value of pH of a few aqueous solution with the concentration of 1 mol dm -3 Solution pH R 1 S 3 T 6 V 7 X 11 Y 14

Use the above symbols and the table to answer the question. (a) (i) hat is the meanin! of acid.

".."""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (ii) %rom the table& choose one e'ample of wea( acid and one stron! acid """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".. # ) marks $ (iii) *tate one property of acid. "".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (b) (i) hat is the meanin! of pH. """".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (ii) hat is the relationship between pH and concentration of hydro!en ion """"".""".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""..""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # ) marks $ (c) (i) hat is the meanin! of base. """"""""".""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (ii) hat is the difference between base and al(ali ".."""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (iii)%rom the table& choose one e'ample of stron! al(ali. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".. # 1 mark $

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2 +ia!ram below shows the preparation of standard solution of potassium hydro'ide& ,.1 mol dm -3.

(a)

hat is meant by the standard solution """""."""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $

(b) .alculate the mass of potassium hydro'ide& /0H needed to ma(e )1, cm 3 solution with concentration ,.1 mol dm-3 . # 2elative atomic mass3 /& 345 0&165 H& 1$

# ) marks $ (c) 7fter all the potassium hydro'ide is poured into the volumetric flas(& the bea(er must be rinsed several times with distilled water. 7fter each rinse& all the water is tranferred into the volumetric flas(. 8ive one reason for doin! this""""..""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (d) hy is the distilled water is added drop by drop""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".. # 1 mark $

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(e)

hat step should be ta(en to ma(e sure that the meniscus level of the standard solution is e'actly in line with the !raduation mar( on the volumetric flas(-

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # 1 mark $ (f) 7 volumetric flas( is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the standard solution rather than a bea(er. hy""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". # 1 mark $ (!) hy do you need to sha(e the solution after all the water had been added""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".. # 1 mark $ 3. ) drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added to )1cm 3 of 1., mole dm-3 barium hydro'ide solution in a conical flas( and is titrated with suphuric acid. )1.1, cm 3 of sulphuric acid is required to achieve the end-point. The titration is repeated with the same volume and concentration of of barium hydro'ide solution. 9t is found that ):.1, cm 3 of sulphuric acid is required to reach its end-point.

7 32 8 33

Initial burette reading

Final burette reading Diagram 2

(a)

+ia!ram ) shows the initial and final burette readin!s for the third titration. +etermine the volume of sulphuric acid used in the third titration.

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(b)

.onstruct a table to record the results of the three titrations in this e'periment.

(c)

.alculate the molarity of the sulphuric acid used.

(d)

*tate the volume of acid required for complete titration if sulphuric acid in this e'periment is replaced with hydrochloric acid of the same molarity.

(e)

;elow are some e'amples of acids.

<thanoic acid& nitric acid& phosphoric acid& sulphuric acid

.lassify these acids into stron! acids and wea( acids by usin! a suitable table.

(f)

<'plain why phenolpthalein is used in this e'periment. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""..

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SECTION B [ Essa ! 1. (a) (b) hat is the meanin! of wea( acid# ) marks$ hat is the role of water for acid to show its properties- <'plain. # 3 marks$ (c) <'plain three simple e'periments to show the properties of acid. # 4 marks$ (b) The followin! imformation is about hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.

The pH of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution is 1 The pH of 1 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid solution is :

<'plain why these solution have different pH values. # 6 marks$ 2 The chemical equation below show the neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydro'ide H.l = >a0H ? >a.l = H)0

+escribe an e'periment to determine the concentration of sodium hydro'ide solution by usin! titration method. 9n your answer include the dia!ram & data and all relevant calculations involved.

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"NS#E$ 1(a)(i) acid is a compound that ionises in water to form H =@ H30= @@ 7cid is compound that dissol e in !ater to produce H" ion# (ii) wea( acid 3 *tron! acid3 (iii) T 2 1 1 1

pH lower than A@@ turn blue litmus paper red react with #named$ metal to form hydro!en !as react with #named$ metal carbonates to form carbon dio'ide !as react with base@al(ali to form salt and water #an$ one o% t&e properties$ 1 1 1 1
-

(b) (i) pH is measurement of concentration of H= (ii) concentration of H= hi!h& pH is low .oncentration of H= low& pH is hi!h (c) (i) compound that ionises in water to form 0H @@ ;ase is compound that reacts with acid to form salt and water (ii) al(ali is base that is soluble in water (iii) B 1 1 1..1,m

(a) solution of (nown concentration (b) >umber of mol C Dolarity ' volume 1,,, C ,.1 ' C ,.,)1 mol Dass C mol ' Dolar mass C ,.,)1 ' # 34 = 16 =1 $ C ,.,)1 ' 16 C 1.: ! (c) to ma(e sure all /0H is transferred to the volumetric flas( @@ 1

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To ma(e sure the concentration of solution is accurate (d) To ma(e sure that the meniscus level of the solution is e'actly in line with the !raduation mar( on the volumetric flas(. (e) the eye level is parallel to the meniscus level @@ 7dd the distilled water drop by drop@ slowly (f) volumetric flas( is more accurate (!) to ma(e sure that solution is well mi'ed@@ the solution is homo!eneous

1 1 1 1 1"Em

3.

%uesti&n N&. 3 (a)

$ubri' [ (()*)3 + measure and using number! 7ble to record the initial and final burette readin!s correctly and accurately ( with ) decimal points )& with correct unit and the correct volume of acid used

,a-imum S'&re 3

7nswers 3 9nitial burette readin! C A.A, cm3 %inal burette readin! C 3).:, cm3 Folume of acid used C 3).:, -A.A, C ):.A, cm3 3(b) $ubri' [ (()*). +C&mmuni'ati&n! 7ble to construct a table which contain : of the followin! 3 1. Titration >o. @ <'periment >o. ). 9nitial ;urette readin!s (with unit) 3. %inal ;urette readin!s (with unit) :. Folume of acid required (with unit) Gdata ecf from )(a) Titration %inal burette readin! (cm3) 9nitial burette readin! (cm3) Folume of acid used (cm3) 7vera!e volume of acid used (cm3) 3(c) 1 ) 3

$ubri' (()*)8 + Inter/reting data *teps and answer correct with appropriate unit *u!!ested 7nswer 3 H)*0: = ;a(0H)) ;a*0: = )H)0 D7 D; C 1., F7 C ):.4, F; C )1., (avera!e) D7 F 7 C 1 D7 C 1.,,: mol dm-3 D; F ; 1 7ble to state the volume of hydrochloric acid used correctly and with correct

3 (d)

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unit. 7nswer 3 :4.), cm3 @@ twice the volume of sulphuric acid used@@ ):.6, ' ) cm 3 $ubri' [(()*)2 + Classi0 ing! 7ble to classify the acids !iven into stron! acids and wea( acids correctly in table form 3 1. showin! the ) cate!ory of acids ). classifyin! the acids correctly Str&ng a'id #ea1 a'id 3

3(e)

3(f)

$ubri' [(()*)23De0ine &/erati&nall ! 7ble to e'plain accurately the purpose of usin! phenolphthalein in this e'periment 7nswer 3 To determine the end Hpoint @ neutral point of the titration and to determine the volume of acid required

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SECTION B4Essa 5 1 (a) ea( acid is a chemical substance that dissociate (ionise) partially in water To produce low concentration of hydro!en ion (b) ater help molecule of acid dissociate(ionise) to produce 6 dr&gen ion Hydro!en ion is responsible for an acid to shows its properties (c) 3 e-/eriments (i) # procedure $ # name of indicator $ # observation $ *ample answer 3 7dd the named indicator # observation as in the table $ 3 indi'at&r Universal indicator litmus Dethyl oran!e Dethyl red .on!o red C&l&ur '6anges pH less than A ;lue to red 0ran!e to red Bellow to red 2ed to blue 1 1 1 1..3 m 1 1..)m

(ii)

add ma!nesium ribbon to the !iven solution in a test tube ;rin! the li!hted splint near the test tube IpopJ sound is heard@produce 1 add calcium carbonate (any carbonate) to the solution in a test tube Kass the !as throu!h lime water Lime water turn cloudy@ chal(y.

1 1

(iii)

1 1 1"4

1,

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(d) hydrochloric acid dissociated (ionises) completely in water to form hi!h concentration of hydro!en ions pH is low H.l = (a() ------M H= = .lethanoic acid dissociated partially in water to form a low concentration of hydro!en ions pH is hi!h .H3.00H (a() ---- H= = .H3.002 1 ) 3 : 1 6 A E 4 1, 11 1) 13 1: >umber of titration 9nitial readin!@cm3 %inal readin!@cm3 Folume of acid @cm3 1 ,.,, )3.), )3.), ) 3 #7pparatus and material$ )1 cm3 pipette& burette& cornical flas(& retort stand with clamps& white tile Hydrochloric acid ,.1 mol dm-3 & sodium hydro'ide solution& phenolphtalein 2insed pipet with distilled water followed by a little sodium hydro'ide solution. )1., cm3 sodium hydro'ide solution is transferred into a conical flas( usin! pipette. *everal drop of phenolphthalein are added into the sodium hydro'ide solution in conical flas( 2insed burette with distilled water followed by a little hydrochloric acid The burette is clamped vertically on the retort stand %illed the burette with hydrochloric acid and record the initial readin!. The conical flas( containin! sodium hydro'ide is placed on top of white tile at the base of the retort stand Hydrochloric acid is added slowly into the conical flas( and swirl the flas( to mi' the contents until the colour of solution chan!e to pale pin( or colourless(end point)& The final readin! of burette is recorded. The titration process is repeated two times usin! another portion of the sodium hydro'ide. %or the second and third titration& when the volume of hydrochloric acid added are within 1 cm3 of the first titration& the acid solution is added slowly drop by drop & swirlin! continuously until the colour sf solution chan!e

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1..6m

# .alculation $

11

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11 16

7vera!e volume of H.l C (F1 = F) = F3) @ 3 C FH.l H.l = D C ,.1 mol dm-3 F C FH.l DH.l FH.l D>a0HF>a0H D>a0H C 1 1
C

>a0H ? >a0H = H)0 DCF C )1., cm3 (pipette)

1A

DH.l FH.l F>a0H

,.1 ' FH.l )1.,

mol dm-3

1)