PRESENTATION ON DYNAMIC

ANALYSIS ON ETABS
PRESENTED BY
SYED IMRAN KHURSHID
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

“The dynamic analysis calculates the modes and

frequencies of vibration for the model. This is a
prerequisite to the response spectra analysis, which uses
these frequencies to calculate forces, stresses and
deflections in the model”.
Response Spectra

The response spectra represent the maximum response of

any single degree of freedom (SDOF) system to a dynamic
base excitation. The usual application of this method is in
seismic (earthquake) analysis. Earthquake time history
data is converted into a "response spectrum". With this
response spectrum, it is possible to predict the maximum
response for any SDOF system. By "any SDOF system", it
is meant a SDOF system with any natural
frequency. "Maximum response" means the maximum
deflections, and thus, the maximum stresses for the
system.
Response Spectra Analysis
Procedure
In the response spectra analysis procedure, each of the
model's modes is considered to be an independent
SDOF system. The maximum responses for each
mode are calculated independently. These modal
responses are then combined to obtain the model's
overall response to the applied spectra.
Mass Participation

The mass participation factors reported on the Modal Mass

Participating Mass Ratios Spreadsheet reflect how much each
mode participated in the Response Spectra Analysis (RSA)
solution. Remember that the RSA involves calculating
separately the response for each mode to the applied base
excitation represented by the spectra. Here is where you can
tell which modes are important in which directions. Higher the
participation factors indicate the more important the modes.
Mass Participation
The participation factor itself is the percent of the model's total
dynamic mass that is deflecting in the shape described by the
particular mode. Thus, the sum of all the participation factors
in a given direction can not exceed 100%. Usually for the RSA
to be considered valid, the sum of the modal participation
factors must equal or exceed 90%. If you do an RSA and the
total participation is less than 90%, you need to return to the
dynamic solution and redo the dynamic with more modes.
UBC-97 Approach: Response Spectrum
Specific Requirements

 1631.5.2 - For regular buildings, include sufficient modes to

capture 90% of participating mass.
 1631.5.3 - Modal combinations – Use appropriate methods
(SRSS, CQC).
1997 UBC Design Response Spectra
Response Spectrum Modal Combinations

Peak modal responses do not occur at the same time,

that is, the peak roof displacement for mode one occurs
at t1 , whereas the peak displacement for mode two
occurs at t2, and so on. Therefore, peak modal
responses must be combined based on the correlation
between modes.
Response Spectrum Modal Combinations

Modal Combination Approaches

 SRSS: Square-root-sum-squares, works well

for systems with well-separated modes 2Dmodels)
 CQC: Complete-Quadratic-Combination.
For 3D models with closely spaced modes –
need CQC
Response Spectrum Directional
Combinations

For each displacement, force or stress quantity in the

structure, modal combination produces a single, positive
result for each direction of acceleration. These directional
values for a given response quantity are combined to
produce a single positive result. The two available choices
for directional combination are as follows:
Response Spectrum Directional
Combinations

 SRSS: Combine the directional results by taking the

square root of the sum of their squares. All other input items
remaining unchanged, the results obtained using this
method do not vary regardless of the excitation angle that
you specify. This is the recommended method for directional
combination and is the default.
Response Spectrum Directional
Combinations

 ABS: This is the scaled absolute sum method. Here the

directional results are combined by taking the maximum,
over all directions, of the sum of the absolute values of the
response in one direction plus a scale factor times the
response in the other directions.
Excitation Angle

The excitation angle is an angle measured from the

positive global X-axis to the response spectrum case
positive local 1-axis. A positive angle appears
counterclockwise as you look down on the model.
SCALE FACTOR

In order to calculate the proper scaling factor, we need

to know what the unscaled RSA base shear (this is
called the Elastic Response Base Shear in the IBC ) is,
and we also need to calculate the value of "V" (static
base shear).
Calculating the unscaled RSA base shear also is very
straightforward. Just solve a load combination
comprised of only that RSA, with a
Factor of 1 in a particular direction . Then solve the load
combination. The total reaction in that direction is the
unscaled RSA base shear .
SCALE FACTOR

Now, to get the correct scaling factor, solve this equation:

Scale Factor = (Vstatic / Unscaled RSA base shear)

SCALE FACTOR

You would do this calculation to obtain the scaling factors for

all the directions of interest (X, Y and/or Z). Unless the model
is symmetric the fundamental period for each direction is
probably different.