5.

3: More Trinomials to Factor

Objectives:
Within the learning period, I will be able to Factor a trinomial whose leading coefficient is other than 1. Factor a polynomial by first factoring out the greatest common factor and then factoring the polynomial that remains.

Prepared by Jowelyn Joy Domocmat for EIS MS Algebra 1 Classes AY 2013-14

OUTLINE
1. Put in descending order of exponents like ax + bx + c and multiply a*c. 2. Find two numbers whose product is (a*c), BUT whose sum is b. 3. Rewrite ax + (larger factor)x + (smaller factor)x + c ( larger factor takes the same sign as b).

4. Factor the first pair of terms and factor the second pair of terms (by dividing out the common factor for each pair and if the 3rd term is negative, then factor it out also).
5. Factor out the common binomial factor. 6. Write as a pair of binomials.

Trinomial: ax2 + bx + c
Returning to the FOIL method, F O I L

(3x + 2)(x + 4) = 3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8

= 3x2 + 14x + 8 To factor ax2 + bx + c into (#1x + #2)(#3x + #4), note that a is the product of the two first coefficients, c is the product of the two last coefficients and b is the sum of the products of the outside coefficients and inside coefficients. Note that b is the sum of 2 products, not just 2 numbers, as in the last section.

Example 1

Factor 25x2 + 20x + 4

Order and multiply a*c
Find factors of (a*c), but their sum is b (use positive factors since b is both b and c are positive. Factors of ac =100 1, 100 2, 50 5, 20 10, 10 Sum of b=20 101 52 25 20

Rewrite the new polynomial Double Factor Factor the binomial Write a pair of binomials

25x +10x +10x +4

5x(5x + 2) + 2(5x+2) (5x + 2)(5x + 2) (5x + 2)

Cont. Ex.1

Check the resulting factorization using the special product method.

(5x + 2) 2

= =

a2 2ab b2 (5x)2 + 2(5x)(2) + 22 25x2 + 20x + 4

Therefore, the final answer when asked to factor 25x2 + 20x + 4 will be (5x + 2)(5x + 2) or )(5x + 2)2.

Example 2

Factor 21x2 41x + 10.

Order and multiply a*c

Find factors of (a*c), but their sum is b (use negative factors since b is negative & c is positive).

Factors of ac =210 -1, -210 -2, -105 -3, -70 -5, -42 -6, -35

Sum of b=-41 -211 -107 -73 -25 -41

Rewrite the new polynomial Double Factor

21x -6x -35x + 10 3x(7x - 2) - 5(7x - 2)

Factor the binomial

Write a pair of binomials

(3x - 5)(7x - 2)

Cont. Ex.2

Check the resulting factorization using the FOIL method.

(3x 5)(7x 2) = = =

F O I 3x(7x) + 3x(-2) - 5(7x) 21x2 6x 35x + 10 21x2 41x + 10

L - 5(-2)

Therefore, the final answer when asked to factor 21x2 41x + 10 will be (3x 5)(7x 2).

Example 3

Factor 3x2 7x + 6.
Order and multiply a*c

Find factors of (a*c), but their sum is b (use negative factors since b is negative & c is positive).

Factors of ac =18 -1, -18 -2, -9 -3, -6

Sum of b=-7 -19 -11 -9

Since all the possible choices for the factors are all tested, yet have not found a pair where the sum of the products of the outside terms and the inside terms is 7. For this case, we can conclude that 3x2 7x + 6 is a prime polynomial and is not factorable.

Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.3

Factor the following trinomials.

5. 3x2 + 2x - 5
9. 6x2 + 13x + 6

(3x + 5) (x - 1)
(2x + 3) (3x + 2)

15. 20x2 41x + 20

19. 20x2 21x 5

(4x 5) (5x - 4)
(4x 5) (5x + 1)

Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.3

Factor each of the following completely. Look first for GCF. 37. 24a2 50a + 24
2 (12a2 25a + 12) 2 (12a2 16a 9a + 12) 2 [4a (3a 4) 3(3a 4)] 2 (4a 3) (3a 4) 5y(7y2 12y 4) 5y(7y2 14y + 2y 4) 5y[7y (y 2) + 2 (y 2) 5y(7y + 2) (y 2) 2y(6x2 17xy + 7y2) 2y(6x2 3xy 14xy + 7y2) 2y[3x(2x y) 7y(2x y) 2y(3x 7y)(2x y)

47.

35y3

60y2

20y

53. 12x2y 34xy2 + 14y3

Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.3

Problem Solving: 67. Margaret shoots an arrow into the air. The equation for the height (in feet) of the tip of the arrow is h = 8 + 62t 16t2 Factor the right side of this equation. Then fill in the table.
Time(seconds) Height (in feet)

0 1 2 3

8 54 68 50 0

For t = 1 sec. h = 8 + 62t 16t2 = 8 + 62(1) 16(1) 2 = 54 feet For t = 3 sec. h = 8 + 62t 16t2 = 8 + 62(3) 16(3) 2 = 50 feet

For t = 2 sec. h = 8 + 62t 16t2 = 8 + 62(2) 16(2) 2 = 68 feet For t = 4 sec. h = 8 + 62t 16t2 = 8 + 62(4) 16(4) 2 = 0 feet

For t = 0 sec. h = 8 + 62t 16t2 = 8 + 62(0) 16(0) 2 = 8 feet

Individual Practice - Homework

Problem Set 5.3, TB pp. 301 302 Multiples of 4 (numbers 4, 8,, 68)