Chapter 12, Solution 1.

(a) If , then 400

ab
= V

= = 30 -
3
400
an
V V 30 - 231

=
bn
V V 150 - 231
=
cn
V V 270 - 231

(b) For the acb sequence,
= = 120 V 0 V
p p bn an ab
V V V

=

+ = 30 - 3 V
2
3
j
2
1
1 V
p p ab
V

i.e. in the acb sequence, lags by 30.
ab
V
an
V

Hence, if , then 400
ab
= V

= = 30
3
400
an
V V 30 231

=
bn
V V 150 231
=
cn
V V 90 - 231


Chapter 12, Solution 2.


Since phase c lags phase a by 120, this is an acb sequence.

= + = ) 120 (30 160
bn
V V 150 160


Chapter 12, Solution 3.

Since V leads by 120, this is an
bn cn
V abc sequence.

= + = ) 120 (130 208
an
V V 250 208


Chapter 12, Solution 4.


= = 120
ca bc
V V V 140 208

= = 120
bc ab
V V V 260 208

=


=

=
30 3
260 208
30 3
ab
an
V
V V 230 120

= = 120 -
an bn
V V V 110 120


Chapter 12, Solution 5.


This is an abc phase sequence.

= 30 3
an ab
V V

or =


=

=
30 3
0 420
30 3
ab
an
V
V V 30 - 5 . 242

= = 120 -
an bn
V V V 150 - 5 . 242

= = 120
an cn
V V V 90 5 . 242


Chapter 12, Solution 6.


= + = 26.56 18 . 11 5 j 10
Y
Z

The line currents are
=


= =
26.56 18 . 11
0 220
Y
an
a
Z
V
I A 26.56 - 68 . 19

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 146.56 - 68 . 19
= = 120
a c
I I A 93.44 68 . 19

The line voltages are
= = 30 3 200
ab
V V 30 381
=
bc
V V 90 - 381
=
ca
V V 210 - 381

The load voltages are
= = =
an Y a AN
V Z I V V 0 220
= =
bn BN
V V V 120 - 220
= =
cn CN
V V V 120 220


Chapter 12, Solution 7.


This is a balanced Y-Y system.
+

4400 V Z
Y
= 6 j8

Using the per-phase circuit shown above,
=

=
8 j 6
0 440
a
I A 53.13 44
= = 120 -
a b
I I A 66.87 - 44
= = 120
a c
I I A 13 . 73 1 44


Chapter 12, Solution 8.


, V 220 V
L
= + = 9 j 16
Y
Z

=
+
= = = 29.36 - 918 . 6
) 9 j 16 ( 3
220
3
V
V
Y
L
Y
p
an
Z
Z
I

=
L
I A 918 . 6


Chapter 12, Solution 9.


=
+

=
+
=
15 j 20
0 120
Y L
an
a
Z Z
V
I A 36.87 - 8 . 4

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 156.87 - 8 . 4

= = 120
a c
I I A 83.13 8 . 4

As a balanced system, =
n
I A 0


Chapter 12, Solution 10.


Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.

For phase a,
=

=
+
= 36.53 55 . 6
20 j 27
0 220
2
A
an
a
Z
V
I

For phase b,
=

=
+
= 120 - 10
22
120 - 220
2
B
bn
b
Z
V
I

For phase c,
=
+

=
+
= 97.38 92 . 16
5 j 12
120 220
2
C
cn
c
Z
V
I

The current in the neutral line is
) -(
c b a n
I I I I + + =
or
c b a n
- I I I I + + =

) 78 . 16 j 173 . 2 - ( ) 66 . 8 j 5 - ( ) 9 . 3 j 263 . 5 ( -
n
+ + + + = I

= = 02 . 12 j 91 . 1
n
I A 81 - 17 . 12



Chapter 12, Solution 11.




=

=

=
90 - 3
10 220
90 - 3 90 - 3
BC bc
an
V V
V

=
an
V V 100 127

= = 120
BC AB
V V V 130 220

V 110 - 220 120 -
BC AC
= = V V

If , then = 60 30
bB
I
= 180 30
aA
I , = 60 - 30
cC
I

=


=

= 210 32 . 17
30 - 3
180 30
30 - 3
aA
AB
I
I

= 90 32 . 17
BC
I , = 30 - 32 . 17
CA
I

= =
CA AC
-I I A 150 32 . 17

BC BC
V Z I =

=


= =
90 32 . 17
0 220
BC
BC
I
V
Z 80 - 7 . 12


Chapter 12, Solution 12.


Convert the delta-load to a wye-load and apply per-phase analysis.
I
a
1100 V
+

Z
Y


= =

45 20
3
Y
Z
Z

=


=
45 20
0 110
a
I A 45 - 5 . 5
= = 120 -
a b
I I A 165 - 5 . 5
= = 120
a c
I I A 75 5 . 5


Chapter 12, Solution 13.


First we calculate the wye equivalent of the balanced load.

Z
Y
= (1/3)Z

= 6+j5

Now we only need to calculate the line currents using the wye-wye circuits.

A 07 . 58 471 . 6
15 j 8
120 110
I
A 07 . 178 471 . 6
15 j 8
120 110
I
A 93 . 61 471 . 6
5 j 6 10 j 2
110
I
c
b
a
=
+

=
=
+

=
=
+ + +
=



Chapter 12, Solution 14.


We apply mesh analysis.

+ 2 j 1 A
a

+ Z
L

100 Z V 0
o

L

- I
3


n I
1
B C
- -
100
+ - +
c I
V 120 100
o
V 120
o
+ = 12 12 j Z
L
2
b + 2 j 1

+ 2 j 1

For mesh 1,

0 ) 12 12 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 16 14 ( 120 100 100
3 2 1
= + + + + + I j I j j I
o

or

6 . 86 150 6 . 86 50 100 ) 12 12 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 16 14 (
3 2 1
j j I j I j I j = + = + + + (1)
For mesh 2,
0 ) 16 14 ( ) 12 12 ( ) 2 1 ( 120 100 120 100
2 3 1
= + + + + I j I j j I
o o

or
2 . 173 6 . 86 50 6 . 86 50 ) 12 12 ( ) 16 14 ( ) 2 1 (
3 2 1
j j j I j I j I j = + = + + + + (2)
For mesh 3,
0 ) 36 36 ( ) 12 12 ( ) 12 12 (
3 2 1
= + + + + I j I j I j (3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives

016 . 12 4197 . 4 , 749 . 16 098 . 10 , 3 . 19 161 . 3
3 2 1
j I j I j I = = =
A 3 . 99 58 . 19
1
o
aA
I I = =

A 8 . 159 392 . 7
1 2
o
bB
I I I = =

A 91 . 58 56 . 19
2
o
cC
I I = =


Chapter 12, Solution 15.


Convert the delta load, , to its equivalent wye load.

Z

10 j 8
3
Ye
= =

Z
Z

=

+
= = 14.68 - 076 . 8
5 j 20
) 10 j 8 )( 5 j 12 (
||
Ye Y p
Z Z Z

047 . 2 j 812 . 7
p
= Z

047 . 1 j 812 . 8
L p T
= + = Z Z Z
= 6.78 - 874 . 8
T
Z

We now use the per-phase equivalent circuit.
L p
p
a
V
Z Z
I
+
= , where
3
210
p
V =

=

= 78 . 6 66 . 13
) 6.78 - 874 . 8 ( 3
210
a
I

= =
a L
I I A 66 . 13


Chapter 12, Solution 16.

(a) = + = = 150 10 ) 180 -30 ( 10 -
AC CA
I I

This implies that
= 30 10
AB
I
= 90 - 10
BC
I

= = 30 - 3
AB a
I I A 0 32 . 17
=
b
I A 120 - 32 . 17
=
c
I A 120 32 . 17

(b) =


= =

30 10
0 110
AB
AB
I
V
Z 30 - 11
Chapter 12, Solution 17.


Convert the -connected load to a Y-connected load and use per-phase analysis.
I
a
+

Z
L

V
an
Z
Y


4 j 3
3
Y
+ = =

Z
Z

=
+ + +

=
+
= 48.37 - 931 . 19
) 5 . 0 j 1 ( ) 4 j 3 (
0 120
L Y
an
a
Z Z
V
I

But = 30 - 3
AB a
I I

=


=
30 - 3
48.37 - 931 . 19
AB
I A 18.37 - 51 . 11

=
BC
I A 138.4 - 51 . 11
=
CA
I A 101.6 51 . 11

) 53.13 15 )( 18.37 - 51 . 11 (
AB AB
= =

Z I V
=
AB
V V 76 . 4 3 6 . 172

=
BC
V V 85.24 - 6 . 172
=
CA
V V 8 . 54 1 6 . 172


Chapter 12, Solution 18.


= = = 90 1 . 762 ) 30 3 )( 60 440 ( 30 3
an AB
V V

= + =

36.87 15 9 j 12 Z

=


= =

36.87 15
90 1 . 762
AB
AB
Z
V
I A 53.13 81 . 50

= = 120 -
AB BC
I I A 66.87 - 81 . 50
= = 120
AB CA
I I A 173.13 81 . 50


Chapter 12, Solution 19.

= + =

18.43 62 . 31 10 j 30 Z

The phase currents are
=


= =

18.43 62 . 31
0 173
ab
AB
Z
V
I A 18.43 - 47 . 5
= = 120 -
AB BC
I I A 138.43 - 47 . 5
= = 120
AB CA
I I A 101.57 47 . 5

The line currents are
= = 30 - 3
AB CA AB a
I I I I
= = 48.43 - 3 47 . 5
a
I A 48.43 - 474 . 9

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 168.43 - 474 . 9
= = 120
a c
I I A 71.57 474 . 9


Chapter 12, Solution 20.

= + =

36.87 15 9 j 12 Z

The phase currents are
=


=
36.87 15
0 210
AB
I A 36.87 - 14
= = 120 -
AB BC
I I A 156.87 - 14
= = 120
AB CA
I I A 83.13 14

The line currents are
= = 30 - 3
AB a
I I A 66.87 - 25 . 24
= = 120 -
a b
I I A 186.87 - 25 . 24
= = 120
a c
I I A 53.13 25 . 24
Chapter 12, Solution 21.


(a) ) rms ( A 66 . 98 96 . 17
66 . 38 806 . 12
120 230
8 j 10
120 230
I
AC
=


=
+

=



(b)
A 34 . 171 10 . 31
684 . 4 j 75 . 30 220 . 11 j 024 . 14 536 . 6 j 729 . 16
66 . 38 96 . 17 66 . 158 96 . 17
8 j 10
0 230
8 j 10
120 230
I I I I I
AB BC BA BC bB
=
+ = + =
=
+

+

= = + =



Chapter 12, Solution 22.


Convert the -connected source to a Y-connected source.
= = = 30 - 120 30 -
3
208
30 -
3
V
p
an
V

Convert the -connected load to a Y-connected load.
j 8
) 5 j 4 )( 6 j 4 (
) 5 j 4 ( || ) 6 j 4 (
3
||
Y
+
+
= + = =

Z
Z Z

2153 . 0 j 723 . 5 = Z
I
a
+

Z
L

V
an
Z

=

=
+
=
2153 . 0 j 723 . 7
30 120
L
an
a
Z Z
V
I A 28.4 - 53 . 15

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 148.4 - 53 . 15
= = 120
a c
I I A 91.6 53 . 15

Chapter 12, Solution 23.


(a)
o
AB
AB
Z
V
I
60 25
208

= =

o
o
o
o
AB a
I I 90 411 . 14
60 25
30 3 208
30 3 =

= =

A 41 . 14 | | = =
a L
I I

(b) kW 596 . 2 60 cos
25
3 208
) 208 ( 3 cos 3
2 1
=

= = + =
o
L L
I V P P P


Chapter 12, Solution 24.


Convert both the source and the load to their wye equivalents.
10 j 32 . 17 30 20
3
Y
+ = = =

Z
Z

= = 0 2 . 240 30 -
3
ab
an
V
V

We now use per-phase analysis.
I
a
+

1 + j
V
an
2030

=

=
+ + +
=
31 37 . 21
2 . 240
) 10 j 32 . 17 ( ) j 1 (
an
a
V
I A 31 - 24 . 11

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 151 - 24 . 11

= = 120
a c
I I A 89 24 . 11

But = 30 - 3
AB a
I I

=


=
30 - 3
31 - 24 . 11
AB
I A 1 - 489 . 6

= = 120 -
AB BC
I I A 121 - 489 . 6

= = 120
AB CA
I I A 119 489 . 6


Chapter 12, Solution 25.


Convert the delta-connected source to an equivalent wye-connected source and
consider the single-phase equivalent.

Y
a
3
) 30 10 ( 440
Z
I

=

where = = + + = 78 . 24 - 32 . 14 6 j 13 8 j 10 2 j 3
Y
Z

=


=
) 24.78 - 32 . 14 ( 3
20 - 440
a
I A 4.78 74 . 17

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 115.22 - 74 . 17

= = 120
a c
I I A 124.78 74 . 17


Chapter 12, Solution 26.


Transform the source to its wye equivalent.
= = 30 - 17 . 72 30 -
3
V
p
an
V

Now, use the per-phase equivalent circuit.
Z
V
I
an
aA
= , = = 32 - 3 . 28 15 j 24 Z

=


=
32 - 3 . 28
30 - 17 . 72
aA
I A 2 55 . 2

= = 120 -
aA bB
I I A 118 - 55 . 2

= = 120
aA cC
I I A 122 55 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 27.


) 15 j 20 ( 3
10 - 220
3
30 -
Y
ab
a
+

=

=
Z
V
I

=
a
I A 46.87 - 081 . 5

= = 120 -
a b
I I A 166.87 - 081 . 5

= = 120
a c
I I A 73.13 081 . 5


Chapter 12, Solution 28.


Let = 0 400
ab
V

=


=

= 30 7 . 7
) 60 - 30 ( 3
30 - 400
3
30 -
Y
an
a
Z
V
I

= =
a L
I I A 7 . 7

= = = 30 - 94 . 230 30 -
3
an
Y a AN
V
Z I V

= =
AN p
V V V 9 . 230


Chapter 12, Solution 29.


, = cos I V 3 P
p p
3
V
V
L
p
= ,
p L
I I =

= cos I V 3 P
L L


p
L
L
I 05 . 20
) 6 . 0 ( 3 240
5000
cos V 3
P
I = = =

=

911 . 6
) 05 . 20 ( 3
240
I 3
V
I
V
L
L
p
p
Y
= = = = Z

= = 13 . 53 6 . 0 cos

(leading) 53.13 - 911 . 6
Y
= Z

=
Y
Z 53 . 5 j 15 . 4

8333
6 . 0
5000
pf
P
S = = =

6667 sin S Q = =

= S VA 6667 j 5000


Chapter 12, Solution 30.


Since this a balanced system, we can replace it by a per-phase equivalent, as
shown below.



+ Z
L

V
p

-


3
,
3
3
*
2
L
p
p
p
p
V
V
Z
V
S S = = =

kVA 45 4421 . 1
45 30
) 208 (
2
*
2
o
o
p
L
Z
V
S =

= =

kW 02 . 1 cos = = S P



Chapter 12, Solution 31.


(a) kVA 5 . 7 8 . 0 / 6
cos
, 8 . 0 cos , 000 , 6 = = = = =

P
p p
P
S P

kVAR 5 . 4 sin = =
P p
S Q
kVA 5 . 13 18 ) 5 . 4 6 ( 3 3 j j S S p + = + = =
For delta-connected load, V
p
= V
L
= 240 (rms). But

+ =
+
= = = 608 . 4 144 . 6 ,
10 ) 5 . 13 18 (
) 240 ( 3 3 3
3
2 2
*
*
2
j Z
x j S
V
Z
Z
V
S
P
p
p
p
p

(b) A 04 . 18
8 . 0 240 3
6000
cos 3 = = =
x x
I I V P
L L L p


(c ) We find C to bring the power factor to unity

F 2 . 207
240 60 2
4500
kVA 5 . 4
2 2


= = = = =
x x V
Q
C Q Q
rms
c
p c



Chapter 12, Solution 32.


=
L L
I V 3 S

3
L L
10 50 I V 3 S = = = S

= =
) 440 ( 3
5000
I
L
A 61 . 65

For a Y-connected load,
61 . 65 I I
L p
= = , 03 . 254
3
440
3
V
V
L
p
= = =

872 . 3
61 . 65
03 . 254
I
V
p
p
= = = Z

= Z Z , = = 13 . 53 ) 6 . 0 ( cos
-1

) sin j )(cos 872 . 3 ( + = Z

) 8 . 0 j 6 . 0 )( 872 . 3 ( + = Z

= Z + 098 . 3 j 323 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 33.


=
L L
I V 3 S

L L
I V 3 S = = S

For a Y-connected load,
p L
I I = ,
p L
V 3 V =

p p
I V 3 S =

= = = =
) 208 )( 3 (
4800
V 3
S
I I
p
p L
A 69 . 7

= = = 208 3 V 3 V
p L
V 3 . 360



Chapter 12, Solution 34.



3
220
3
V
V
L
p
= =

=

= = 58 73 . 6
) 16 j 10 ( 3
200
V
Y
p
a
Z
I

= =
p L
I I A 73 . 6

= = 58 - 73 . 6 220 3 I V 3
L L
S

= S VA 8 . 2174 j 1359


Chapter 12, Solution 35.


(a) This is a balanced three-phase system and we can use per phase equivalent
circuit. The delta-connected load is converted to its wye-connected equivalent

10 20 3 / ) 30 60 (
3
1
' '
j j Z Z y + = + = =



I
L


+

230 V
Zy Zy

-


5 . 5 5 . 13 ) 10 20 //( ) 10 40 ( // '
' '
j j j Z Z Z y
y y
+ = + + = =

A 953 . 5 61 . 14
5 . 5 5 . 13
230
j
j
I
L
=
+
=

(b) kVA 368 . 1 361 . 3
*
j I V S L
s
+ = =

(c ) pf = P/S = 0.9261

Chapter 12, Solution 36.


(a) S = 1 [0.75 + sin(cos
-1
0.75) ] =0.75 + 0.6614 MVA

(b) 49 . 52 52 . 59
4200 3
10 ) 6614 . 0 75 . 0 (
3
3
6
* *
j
x
x j
V
S
I I V
p
p p
p
+ =
+
= = = S

kW 19 . 25 ) 4 ( ) 36 . 79 ( | |
2 2
= = =
l p L
R I P

(c) kV 2.709 - 4.443 kV 21 . 0 4381 . 4 ) 4 (
o
= = + + = j j I V
p L s
V


Chapter 12, Solution 37.


20
6 . 0
12
pf
P
S = = =

kVA 16 j 12 20 S = = = S

But =
L L
I V 3 S

=

=
208 3
10 20
I
3
L
A 51 . 55

p
2
p
3 Z I S =

For a Y-connected load,
p L
I I = .

2
3
2
L
p
) 51 . 55 )( 3 (
10 ) 16 j 12 (
I 3

= =
S
Z

=
p
Z 731 . 1 j 298 . 1


Chapter 12, Solution 38.


As a balanced three-phase system, we can use the per-phase equivalent shown
below.

14 j 10
0 110
) 12 j 9 ( ) 2 j 1 (
0 110
a
+

=
+ + +

= I

) 12 j 9 (
) 14 10 (
) 110 (
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
Y
2
a p
+
+
= = Z I S

The complex power is
) 12 j 9 (
296
) 110 (
2
3
3
2
p
+ = = S S

= S VA 81 . 735 j 86 . 551 +


Chapter 12, Solution 39.


Consider the system shown below.
I
2
I
1
I
3

5
5
-j6
10
j3
B
C
A
8
4
b
a

+

+


100-120
100120 1000

+

5
c

For mesh 1,
3 2 1
) 6 j 8 ( 5 ) 6 j 18 ( 100 I I I = (1)

For mesh 2,
3 1 2
10 5 20 120 - 100 I I I =
3 2 1
2 4 - 120 - 20 I I I + = (2)

For mesh 3,
3 2 1
) 3 j 22 ( 10 ) 6 j 8 ( - 0 I I I + = (3)

To eliminate , start by multiplying (1) by 2,
2
I
3 2 1
) 12 j 16 ( 10 ) 12 j 36 ( 200 I I I = (4)

Subtracting (3) from (4),
3 1
) 15 j 38 ( ) 18 j 44 ( 200 I I = (5)

Multiplying (2) by 4 5 ,
3 2 1
5 . 2 5 25 . 1 - 120 - 25 I I I + = (6)

Adding (1) and (6),
3 1
) 6 j 5 . 10 ( ) 6 j 75 . 16 ( 65 . 21 j 5 . 87 I I = (7)

In matrix form, (5) and (7) become

+
+
=

3
1
6 j 5 . 10 - 6 j 75 . 16
15 j 38 - 18 j 44
65 . 12 j 5 . 87
200
I
I


25 . 26 j 5 . 192 = , 2 . 935 j 25 . 900
1
= , 6 . 1327 j 3 . 110
3
=

144 . 4 j 242 . 5 38.33 - 682 . 6
7.76 - 28 . 194
46.09 - 1 . 1298
1
1
= =


=

= I

694 . 6 j 485 . 1 77.49 - 857 . 6
7.76 - 28 . 194
85.25 - 2 . 1332
3
3
= =


=

= I

We obtain from (6),
2
I
3 1 2
2
1
4
1
120 - 5 I I I + + =

) 347 . 3 j 7425 . 0 ( ) 0359 . 1 j 3104 . 1 ( ) 33 . 4 j -2.5 (
2
+ + = I
713 . 8 j 4471 . 0 -
2
= I

The average power absorbed by the 8- resistor is
W 89 . 164 ) 8 ( 551 . 2 j 756 . 3 ) 8 ( P
2 2
3 1 1
= + = = I I

The average power absorbed by the 4- resistor is
W 1 . 188 ) 4 ( ) 8571 . 6 ( ) 4 ( P
2
2
3 2
= = = I

The average power absorbed by the 10- resistor is
W 12 . 78 ) 10 ( 019 . 2 j 1.9321 - ) 10 ( P
2 2
3 2 3
= = = I I

Thus, the total real power absorbed by the load is
= + + =
3 2 1
P P P P W 1 . 431


Chapter 12, Solution 40.


Transform the delta-connected load to its wye equivalent.
8 j 7
3
Y
+ = =

Z
Z

Using the per-phase equivalent circuit above,
=
+ + +

= 46.75 - 567 . 8
) 8 j 7 ( ) 5 . 0 j 1 (
0 100
a
I

For a wye-connected load,
567 . 8 I I
a a p
= = = I

) 8 j 7 ( ) 567 . 8 )( 3 ( 3
2
p
2
p
+ = = Z I S

= = = ) 7 ( ) 567 . 8 )( 3 ( ) Re( P
2
S k 541 . 1 W


Chapter 12, Solution 41.


kVA 25 . 6
8 . 0
kW 5
pf
P
S = = =

But
L L
I V 3 S =

=

= =
400 3
10 25 . 6
V 3
S
I
3
L
L
A 021 . 9



Chapter 12, Solution 42.


The load determines the power factor.
= = = 13 . 53 333 . 1
30
40
tan

(leading) 6 . 0 cos pf = =

kVA 6 . 9 j 2 . 7 ) 8 . 0 (
6 . 0
2 . 7
j 2 . 7 = |
.
|

\
|
= S

But
p
2
p
3 Z I S =

80
) 40 j 30 )( 3 (
10 ) 6 . 9 j 2 . 7 (
3
3
p
2
p
=

= =
Z
S
I

A 944 . 8 I
p
=

= =
p L
I I A 944 . 8

=

= =
) 944 . 8 ( 3
10 12
I 3
S
V
3
L
L
V 6 . 774


Chapter 12, Solution 43.


p
2
p
3 Z I S = ,
L p
I I = for Y-connected loads

) 047 . 2 j 812 . 7 ( ) 66 . 13 )( 3 (
2
= S

= S kVA 145 . 1 j 373 . 4


Chapter 12, Solution 44.


For a -connected load,
L p
V V = ,
p L
I 3 I =

L L
I V 3 S =

273 . 31
) 240 ( 3
10 ) 5 12 (
V 3
S
I
3 2 2
L
L
=
+
= =

At the source,
L L L
'
L
Z I V V + =
) 3 j 1 )( 273 . 31 ( 0 240
'
L
+ + = V
819 . 93 j 273 . 271
'
L
+ = V
=
'
L
V V 04 . 287

Also, at the source,
*
L
'
L
'
3 I V S =
) 273 . 31 )( 819 . 93 j 273 . 271 ( 3
'
+ = S

078 . 19
273 . 271
819 . 93
tan
1 -
= |
.
|

\
|
=

= = cos pf 9451 . 0


Chapter 12, Solution 45.


=
L L
I V 3 S

L
L
V 3
-
I

=
S
, kVA 6 . 635
708 . 0
10 450
pf
P
3
=

= = S

A 45 - 834
440 3
- ) 6 . 635 (
L
=

= I

At the source,
) 2 j 5 . 0 ( 0 440
L L
+ + = I V
) 76 062 . 2 )( 45 - 834 ( 440
L
+ = V
+ = 1 3 7 . 1719 440
L
V
7 . 885 j 1 . 1914
L
+ = V
=
L
V V .83 24 109 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 46.


For the wye-connected load,
p L
I I = ,
p L
V 3 V = Z
p p
V I =

*
2
L
*
2
p
*
p p
3 3
3
3
Z
V
Z
V
I V S = = =

W 121
100
) 110 (
2
*
2
L
= = =
Z
V
S

For the delta-connected load,
L p
V V = ,
p L
I 3 I = , Z
p p
V I =

*
2
L
*
2
p
*
p p
3
3
3
Z
V
Z
V
I V S = = =

W 363
100
) 110 )( 3 (
2
= = S

This shows that the delta-connected load will deliver three times more average
power than the wye-connected load. This is also evident from
3
Y

=
Z
Z .


Chapter 12, Solution 47.


= = = 87 . 36 ) 8 . 0 ( cos (lagging) 8 . 0 pf
-1

kVA 150 j 200 87 . 36 250
1
+ = = S

= = = 19 . 18 - ) 95 . 0 ( cos (leading) 95 . 0 pf
-1

kVA 65 . 93 j 285 19 . 8 1 - 300
2
= = S

= = = 0 ) 1 ( cos 0 . 1 pf
-1

kVA 450
3
= S

kVA 45 . 3 7 . 936 35 . 56 j 935
3 2 1 T
= + = + + = S S S S

L L T
I V 3 = S

=

=
) 10 8 . 13 ( 3
10 7 . 936
I
3
3
L
rms A 19 . 39

= = = ) 45 . 3 cos( cos pf (lagging) 9982 . 0


Chapter 12, Solution 48.


(a) We first convert the delta load to its equivalent wye load, as shown below.

A
A

Z
A

18-j12 40+j15


Z
C


C B C

60
Z
B

B


923 . 1 577 . 7
3 118
) 12 18 )( 15 40 (
j
j
j j
Z
A
=
+
+
=

105 . 7 52 . 20
3 118
). 15 40 ( 60
j
j
j
Z
B
=
+
+
=

3303 . 6 992 . 8
3 118
) 12 18 ( 60
j
j
j
Z
C
=
+

=

The system becomes that shown below.
a 2+j3 A


+
240<0
o
Z
A
-
I
1

- - Z
B
Z
C

240<120
o
240<-120
o

+ + 2+j3
c I
2
b
B C



2+j3

We apply KVL to the loops. For mesh 1,
0 ) ( ) 2 ( 120 240 240
2 1
= + + + + +
l B B A l
o
Z Z I Z Z Z I
or

85 . 207 360 ) 105 . 10 52 . 22 ( ) 13 . 11 097 . 32 (
2 1
j I j I j + = + + (1)
For mesh 2,
0 ) 2 ( ) ( 120 240 120 240
2 1
= + + + +
C B l l B
o o
Z Z Z I Z Z I
or

69 . 415 ) 775 . 6 51 . 33 ( ) 105 . 10 52 . 22 (
2 1
j I j I j = + + + (2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives
89 . 11 165 . 15 , 328 . 5 75 . 23
2 1
j I j I = =

A 6 . 142 81 . 10 , A 64 . 12 34 . 24
1 2 1
o
bB
o
aA
I I I I I = = = =

A 9 . 141 27 . 19
2
o
cC
I I = =

(b)
o o o
a S 64 . 12 6 . 5841 ) 64 . 12 34 . 24 )( 0 240 ( = =
o o o
b S 6 . 22 4 . 2594 ) 6 . 142 81 . 10 )( 120 240 ( = =
o o o
b S 9 . 21 8 . 4624 ) 9 . 141 27 . 19 )( 120 240 ( = =
kVA 54 . 2 4 . 12 kVA 55 . 0 386 . 12
o
c b a j S S S S = + = + + =


Chapter 12, Solution 49.


(a) For the delta-connected load, (rms) 220 , 10 20 = = + =
L p p
V V j Z ,

kVA 56 . 26 943 . 6 2904 5808
) 10 20 (
220 3 3
2
*
2
o
p
p
j
j
x
Z
V
S = + =

= =

(b) For the wye-connected load, 3 / , 10 20
L p p
V V j Z = + = ,

kVA 56 . 26 164 . 2
) 10 20 ( 3
220 3 3
2
*
2
o
p
p
j
x
Z
V
S =

= =


Chapter 12, Solution 50.


kVA 3 kVA, 4 . 6 8 . 4 ) 8 . 0 6 . 0 ( 8 1 2 1 = + = + = + = S j j S S S
Hence,

kVA 4 . 6 8 . 1 1 2 j S S S + = =

But
p
L
L
p
p
p
Z
V
S
V
V
Z
V
S
*
2
2
*
2
2
.
3
,
3
= = =

+ =
+
= = 34 . 8 346 . 2
10 ) 4 . 6 8 . 1 (
240
3
2
2
*
*
j Z
x j S
V
Z
p
L
p


Chapter 12, Solution 51.

Apply mesh analysis to the circuit as shown below.

Z
a

i
2
i
1
Z
c

Z
b

+

+


+
150-120
1500





n
150120




For mesh 1,
0 ) ( 150 -
2 b 1 b a
= + + I Z I Z Z
2 1
) 9 j 12 ( ) j 18 ( 150 I I + + = (1)
For mesh 2,
0 ) ( 120 - 150 -
1 b 2 c b
= + + I Z I Z Z
1 2
) 9 j 12 ( ) 9 j 27 ( 120 - 150 I I + + = (2)
From (1) and (2),
(

+
+
=
(

2
1
9 j 27 9 j 12 -
9 j 12 - j 18
120 - 150
150
I
I


27 j 414 = , 8 . 3583 j 9 . 3780
1
+ = , 2 . 1063 j 9 . 579
2
=

=


=

= 47.2 56 . 12
3.73 - 88 . 414
43.47 5 . 5209
1
1
I

=


=

= 57.66 - 919 . 2
3.73 - 88 . 414
61.39 - 1 . 1211
2
2
I

= =
1 a
I I A 47.2 56 . 12

= =
4647 j 3201 -
1 2
1 2 b
I I I

=


=
3.73 - 88 . 414
235.44 3 . 5642
b
I A 239.17 6 . 13

= =
2 c
- I I A 122.34 919 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 52.


Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
=


= = 60 6
60 20
120 120
AN
an
a
Z
V
I

=


= = 0 4
0 30
0 120
BN
bn
b
Z
V
I

=


= = 150 - 3
30 40
120 - 120
CN
cn
c
Z
V
I

Thus,
c b a n
- I I I I + + =
+ + = 150 - 3 0 4 60 6 -
n
I
) 5 . 1 j 598 . 2 - ( ) 4 ( ) 196 . 5 j 3 ( -
n
+ + + = I
= + = 40 75 . 5 696 . 3 j 405 . 4 -
n
I

=
n
I A 220 75 . 5


Chapter 12, Solution 53.



3
250
V
p
=

Since we have the neutral line, we can use per-phase equivalent circuit for each
phase.
=

=
60 40
1
3
0 250
a
I A 60 - 608 . 3

=

=
45 - 60
1
3
120 - 250
b
I A 75 - 406 . 2

=

=
0 20
1
3
120 250
c
I A 120 217 . 7

c b a n
- I I I I + + =
) 25 . 6 j 609 . 3 - ( ) 324 . 2 j 6227 . 0 ( ) 125 . 3 j 804 . 1 ( -
n
+ + + = I

= = 801 . 0 j 1823 . 1
n
I A 34.12 - 428 . 1



Chapter 12, Solution 54.


Consider the circuit shown below.
I
a
a
B C
A
j50
-j50
50
I
AB
c b
V
p
0
+

V
p
120 V
p
-120
+

+


= = 30 3 100
ab AB
V V

=

= =
50
30 3 100
AB
AB
AB
Z
V
I A 30 464 . 3

=


= =
90 - 50
90 - 3 100
BC
BC
BC
Z
V
I A 0 464 . 3

=


= =
90 50
150 3 100
CA
CA
CA
Z
V
I A 60 464 . 3


Chapter 12, Solution 55.


Consider the circuit shown below.
I
a
a A
I
b
I
1
I
2
c b
2200
+

220120 220-120
+

+

30 + j40 100 j120
B C
60 + j80
I
c
For mesh 1,
0 ) 120 j 100 ( ) 40 j 160 ( 0 220 120 - 220
2 1
= + I I
2 1
) 6 j 5 ( ) 2 j 8 ( 120 - 11 11 I I = (1)

For mesh 2,
0 ) 120 j 100 ( ) 80 j 130 ( 120 - 220 120 220
1 2
= + I I
2 1
) 4 j 5 . 6 ( ) 6 j 5 ( - 120 11 120 - 11 I I + = (2)

From (1) and (2),

+
+
=

+
2
1
j4 - 6.5 j6 5 -
j6 5 - 2 j 8
j19.053 -
526 . 9 j 5 . 16
I
I


15 j 55 + = , 35 . 99 j 04 . 31
1
= , 8 . 203 j 55 . 101
2
=

=


=

= 87.91 - 8257 . 1
15.26 01 . 57
72.65 - 08 . 104
1
1
I

=


=

= 78.77 - 994 . 3
15.26 01 . 57
63.51 - 7 . 227
2
2
I

= = 87.91 - 8257 . 1
1 a
I I

=
+

= = 71.23 - 211 . 2
15 j 55
45 . 104 j 51 . 70
1 2
1 2 b
I I I

= = 23 . 01 1 994 . 3 -
2 c
I I

7 . 266 j 99 . 199 ) 80 j 60 ( ) 8257 . 1 (
2
AN
2
a A
+ = + = = Z I S
6 . 586 j 9 . 488 ) 120 j 100 ( ) 211 . 2 (
2
BN
2
b B
= = = Z I S
1 . 638 j 6 . 478 ) 40 j 30 ( ) 994 . 3 (
2
CN
2
c C
+ = + = = Z I S

= + + =
C B A
S S S S V 2 . 318 j 5 . 1167 A +


Chapter 12, Solution 56.


(a) Consider the circuit below.

For mesh 1,
0 ) ( 10 j 0 440 120 - 440
3 1
= + I I

=
+
= 60 - 21 . 76
10 j
) 866 . 0 j 5 . 1 )( 440 (
3 1
I I (1)

For mesh 2,
0 ) ( 20 120 - 440 120 440
3 2
= + I I

1 . 38 j
20
) 732 . 1 j )( 440 (
2 3
= = I I (2)
For mesh 3,
0 5 j ) ( 20 ) ( 10 j
3 2 3 1 3
= + I I I I I

I
2
I
1
b

+

+
440-120
440120
4400

+

B
I
3

20
j10
a A
-j5
C c
Substituting (1) and (2) into the equation for mesh 3 gives,
=
+
= 60 42 . 152
j5
j0.866) -1.5 )( 440 (
3
I (3)

From (1),
= + = + = 30 132 66 j 315 . 114 60 - 21 . 76
3 1
I I

From (2),
= + = = 50.94 93 . 120 9 . 93 j 21 . 76 1 . 38 j
3 2
I I


= =
1 a
I I A 30 132

= + = = j27.9 -38.105
1 2 b
I I I A 143.8 23 . 47

= =
2 c
- I I A 230.9 9 . 120

(b) kVA 08 . 58 j ) 10 j (
2
3 1 AB
= = I I S
kVA 04 . 29 ) 20 (
2
3 2 BC
= = I I S
kVA -j116.16 -j5) ( (152.42) -j5) (
2
2
3 CA
= = = I S

kVA 08 . 58 j 04 . 29
CA BC AB
= + + = S S S S

Real power absorbed = 29 kW 04 .

(c) Total complex supplied by the source is
= S kVA 08 . 58 j 04 . 29


Chapter 12, Solution 57.


We apply mesh analysis to the circuit shown below.
I
a


+
V
a + 50 j 80

- I
1


- - + 30 20 j
V
c
V
b
+ + I
b



I
2

I
c
40 60 j


263 . 95 165 ) 30 20 ( ) 80 100 (
2 1
j V V I j I j
b a
+ = = + + (1)
53 . 190 ) 10 80 ( ) 30 20 (
2 1
j V V I j I j
c b
= = + + (2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives 722 . 1 9088 . 0 , 6084 . 0 8616 . 1
2 1
j I j I = = .

A 55 . 130 4656 . 1 1136 . 1 528 . 0 , A 1 . 18 9585 . 1
1 2 1
o
b
o
a
j I I I I I = = = = =

A 8 . 117 947 . 1
2
o
c
I I = =


Chapter 12, Solution 58.


The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted in the neutral line to measure the
current through the line. In the AC Sweep box, we select Total Ptss = 1, Start Freq. =
0.1592, and End Freq. = 0.1592. After simulation, the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E01 1.078 E+01 8.997 E+01
i.e. I
n
= 10.7889.97 A



Chapter 12, Solution 59.


The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq
= 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ VM(1) VP(1)

6.000 E+01 2.206 E+02 3.456 E+01

FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

6.000 E+01 2.141 E+02 8.149 E+01

FREQ VM(3) VP(3)

6.000 E+01 4.991 E+01 5.059 E+01

i.e. V
AN
= 220.634.56, V
BN
= 214.181.49, V
CN
= 49.9150.59 V


hapter 12, Solution 60.
he schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted to give I
o
. We select Total Pts = 1,
FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)
.592 E01 1.421 E+00 1.355 E+02

om which, I
o
= 1.421135.5 A


C


T
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592 in the AC Sweep box. Upon simulation,
the output file includes


1
fr




Chapter 12, Solution 61.


The schematic is shown below. Pseudocomponents IPRINT and PRINT are inserted to
measure I
aA
and V
BN
. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592,
and End Freq = 0.1592. Once the circuit is simulated, we get an output file which
includes
FREQ VM(2) VP(2)

1.592 E01 2.308 E+02 1.334 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01 1.115 E+01 3.699 E+01
from which
I
aA
= 11.1537 A, V
BN
= 230.8133.4 V



Chapter 12, Solution 62.


Because of the delta-connected source involved, we follow Example 12.12. In the AC
Sweep box, we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 60, and End Freq = 60. After
simulation, the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

6.000 E+01 5.960 E+00 9.141 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

6.000 E+01 7.333 E+07 1.200 E+02
From which
I
ab
= 7.333x10
7
120 A, I
bB
= 5.9691.41 A



Chapter 12, Solution 63.


Let F 0333 . 0
X
1
C and H, 20 X/ L that so 1 = = = = =

The schematic is shown below..
.

When the file is saved and run, we obtain an output file which includes the following:

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1)IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592E-01 1.867E+01 1.589E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2)IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592E-01 1.238E+01 1.441E+02

From the output file, the required currents are:

A 1 . 144 38 . 12 A, 9 . 158 67 . 18
o
AC
o
aA
I I = =



Chapter 12, Solution 64.

We follow Example 12.12. In the AC Sweep box we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq =
0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. After simulation the output file includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E01 4.710 E+00 7.138 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01 6.781 E+07 1.426 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E01 3.898 E+00 5.076 E+00

FREQ IM(V_PRINT4) IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E01 3.547 E+00 6.157 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT5) IP(V_PRINT5)

1.592 E01 1.357 E+00 9.781 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT6) IP(V_PRINT6)

1.592 E01 3.831 E+00 1.649 E+02

from this we obtain

I
aA
= 4.7171.38 A, I
bB
= 6.781142.6 A, I
cC
= 3.8985.08 A

I
AB
= 3.54761.57 A, I
AC
= 1.35797.81 A, I
BC
= 3.831164.9 A














Chapter 12, Solution 65.


Due to the delta-connected source, we follow Example 12.12. We type Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. The schematic is shown below. After it
is saved and simulated, we obtain an output file which includes

FREQ IM(V_PRINT1) IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E01 6.581 E+00 9.866 E+01

FREQ IM(V_PRINT2) IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01 1.140 E+01 1.113 E+02

FREQ IM(V_PRINT3) IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E01 6.581 E+00 3.866 E+01

Thus, I
aA
= 6.58198.66 A, I
bB
= 11.4111.3 A, I
cC
= 6.58138.66 A



Chapter 12, Solution 66. Chapter 12, Solution 66.


(a) = = =
3
208
3
V
V
L
p
V 120 (a)

= = =
3
208
3
V
V
L
p
V 120
(b) Because the load is unbalanced, we have an unbalanced three-phase
system. Assuming an abc sequence,
(b) Because the load is unbalanced, we have an unbalanced three-phase
system. Assuming an abc sequence,

A 0 5 . 2
48
0 120
1
=

= I

A 120 - 3
40
120 - 120
2
=

= I

A 120 2
60
120 120
3
=

= I
A 0 5 . 2
48
0 120
1
=

= I
A 120 - 3
40
120 - 120
2
=

= I
A 120 2
60
120 120
3
=

= I

+ +

+ = + + =
2
3
j 5 . 0 - ) 2 (
2
3
j 0.5 - ) 3 ( 5 . 2 -
3 2 1 N
I I I I

+ +

+ = + + =
2
3
j 5 . 0 - ) 2 (
2
3
j 0.5 - ) 3 ( 5 . 2 -
3 2 1 N
I I I I

A 90 866 . 0 866 . 0 j
2
3
j
N
= = = I
Hence,
=
1
I A 5 . 2 , =
2
I A 3 , =
3
I A 2 , =
N
I A 866 . 0

(c) = = = ) 48 ( ) 5 . 2 ( R I P
2
1
2
1 1
W 300
= = = ) 40 ( ) 3 ( R I P
2
2
2
2 2
W 360
= = = ) 60 ( ) 2 ( R I P
2
3
2
3 3
W 240

(d) = + + =
3 2 1 T
P P P P W 900


Chapter 12, Solution 67.


(a) The power to the motor is
kW 221 ) 85 . 0 )( 260 ( cos S P
T
= = =

The motor power per phase is
kW 67 . 73 P
3
1
P
T p
= =

Hence, the wattmeter readings are as follows:
= + = 24 67 . 73 W
a
kW 67 . 97
= + = 15 67 . 73 W
b
kW 67 . 88
= + = 9 67 . 73 W
c
kW 67 . 83

(b) The motor load is balanced so that 0 I
N
= .
For the lighting loads,

A 200
120
000 , 24
I
a
= =

A 125
120
000 , 15
I
b
= =

A 75
120
000 , 9
I
c
= =

If we let
A 0 200 0 I
a a
= = I
A 120 - 125
b
= I
A 120 75
c
= I
Then,
c b a N
- I I I I + + =

+ +

+ =
2
3
j 0.5 - ) 75 (
2
3
j 5 . 0 - ) 125 ( 200 -
N
I

A 602 . 86 100 -
N
= I
=
N
I A 3 . 132

Chapter 12, Solution 68.

(a) = = = ) 4 . 8 )( 330 ( 3 I V 3 S
L L
VA 4801

(b)
S
P
cos pf cos S P = = =

= =
24 . 4801
4500
pf 9372 . 0

(c) For a wye-connected load,
= =
L p
I I A 4 . 8

(d) = = =
3
330
3
V
V
L
p
V 53 . 190

Chapter 12, Solution 69.

MVA 8 . 0 S MVA, 323 . 1 5 . 1 ) 661 . 0 75 . 0 ( 2 S MVA, 72 . 0 96 . 0 ) 6 . 0 8 . 0 ( 2 . 1 3 2 1 = = = + = + = j j j S

9833 . 0
3153 . 3
26 . 3
MVA, 603 . 0 26 . 3 3 2 1 = = = = + + =
S
P
pf j S S S S

MVA 1379 . 0 ) 99 . 0 tan(cos ) 9833 . 0 [tan(cos 26 . 3 ) tan (tan
1 1
= = =

new old c
P Q

mF 28
10 6 . 6 60 2
10 1379 . 0
3
1
6 2
6
= =
x x x
x x
C

Chapter 12, Solution 70.


800 400 1200 P P P
2 1 T
= = + =

1600 - 1200 400 - P P Q
1 2 T
= = =

= = = = -63.43 -2
800
1600 -
P
Q
tan
T
T


= = cos pf (leading) 4472 . 0

40
6
240
I
V
Z
L
L
p
= = =

=
p
Z 63.43 - 40


Chapter 12, Solution 71.


(a) If , = 0 208
ab
V = 120 - 208
bc
V , = 120 208
ca
V ,

=

= = 0 4 . 10
20
0 208
Ab
ab
AB
Z
V
I

=


= = 75 - 708 . 14
45 - 2 10
120 - 208
BC
bc
BC
Z
V
I

=


= = 97.38 16
22.62 13
120 208
CA
ca
CA
Z
V
I

= = 97.38 16 0 4 . 10
CA AB aA
I I I
867 . 15 j 055 . 2 4 . 10
aA
+ = I
= 51.87 - 171 . 20
aA
I

= = 75 - 708 . 14 97.83 16
BC CA cC
I I I
= 101.03 64 . 30
cC
I

) cos( P
aA ab
I V aA ab 1
= I V
= + = ) 87 . 51 0 cos( ) 171 . 20 )( 208 ( P
1
W 2590

) cos( P
cC cb
I V cC cb 2
= I V
But = = 60 208 -
bc cb
V V

= = ) 03 . 101 60 cos( ) 64 . 30 )( 208 ( P
2
W 4808

(b) W 17 . 7398 P P P
2 1 T
= + =
VAR 25 . 3840 ) P P ( 3 Q
1 2 T
= =
= + =
T T T
jQ P S VA 25 . 3840 j 17 . 7398 +
= =
T T
S S V 8335 A


Chapter 12, Solution 72.


From Problem 12.11,
V 130 220
AB
= V and A 180 30
aA
= I

= = ) 180 130 cos( ) 30 )( 220 ( P
1
W 4242

= = 190 220 -
BC CB
V V
= 60 - 30
cC
I

= + = ) 60 190 cos( ) 30 )( 220 ( P
2
W 2257 -


Chapter 12, Solution 73.

Consider the circuit as shown below.
I
1
I
2
Z
Z
240-120 V

+
I
a
I
b
+

240-60 V
Z
I
c
= + = 71.57 62 . 31 30 j 10 Z

=


= 131.57 - 59 . 7
71.57 62 . 31
60 - 240
a
I

=


= 191.57 - 59 . 7
71.57 62 . 31
120 - 240
b
I

0 120 - 240 60 - 240
c
= + Z I

=

= 108.43 59 . 7
71.57 31.62
240 -
c
I

= = 101.57 - 146 . 13
c a 1
I I I
= + = 138.43 146 . 13
c b 2
I I I

| | | |
= = = ) .57 101 146 . 13 )( 60 - 240 ( Re Re P
*
1 1 1
I V W 2360

| | | |
= = = ) 138.43 - 146 . 13 )( 120 - 240 ( Re Re P
*
2 2 2
I V W 8 . 632 -


Chapter 12, Solution 74.


Consider the circuit shown below.
Z = 60 j30
For mesh 1,

+
208-60 V
I
2
I
1
+

2080 V
Z
Z
2 1
2 208 I Z I Z =
For mesh 2,
2 1
2 - 60 - 208 - I Z I Z + =
In matrix form,
(

=
(

2
1
2 -
- 2
60 - 208 -
208
I
I
Z Z
Z Z


2
3Z = , Z ) 866 . 0 j 5 . 1 )( 208 (
1
+ = , Z ) 732 . 1 j )( 208 (
2
=

=

+
=

= 56.56 789 . 1
) 30 j 60 )( 3 (
) 866 . 0 j 5 . 1 )( 208 (
1
1
I

=

= 116.56 79 . 1
) 30 j 60 )( 3 (
) 732 . 1 j )( 208 (
2
2
I

| | | |
= = = ) 56.56 - 789 . 1 )( 208 ( Re Re P
*
1 1 1
I V W 98 . 208

| | | |
= = = ) 63.44 79 . 1 ))( 60 - 208 ( Re ) - ( Re P
*
2 2 2
I V W 65 . 371

Chapter 12, Solution 75.

(a) = = =
600
12
R
V
I mA 20

(b) = = =
600
120
R
V
I mA 200

Chapter 12, Solution 76.

If both appliances have the same power rating, P,
s
V
P
I =
For the 120-V appliance,
120
P
I
1
= .
For the 240-V appliance,
240
P
I
2
= .

Power loss =

=
appliance -V 240 for the
240
R P
appliance -V 120 for the
120
R P
R
2
2
2
2
2
I

Since
2 2
240
1
120
1
> , the losses in the 120-V appliance are higher.
Chapter 12, Solution 77.


,
line load T g
P P P P = 85 . 0 pf =

But 3060 pf 3600 cos 3600 P
T
= = =

= = ) 80 )( 3 ( 2500 3060 P
g
W 320


Chapter 12, Solution 78.


= = = 79 . 31 85 . 0
60
51
cos
1 1


kVAR 61 . 31 ) 5268 . 0 )( 60 ( sin S Q
1 1 1
= = =

kW 51 P P
1 2
= =
= = 19 . 18 95 . 0 cos
2 2


kVA 68 . 53
cos
P
S
2
2
2
=

=

kVAR 759 . 16 sin S Q
2 2 2
= =

kVAR 851 . 14 759 . 16 61 . 3 Q Q Q
2 1 c
= = =

For each load,
kVAR 95 . 4
3
Q
Q
c
1 c
= =

=

=
2 2
1 c
) 440 )( 60 )( 2 (
4950
V
Q
C F 82 . 67


Chapter 12, Solution 79.


Consider the per-phase equivalent circuit below.
I
a
n
a
V
an

+

2
A
Z
Y
= 12 + j5
N

=
+

=
+
=
5 j 14
0 255
2
Y
an
a
Z
V
I A 19.65 - 15 . 17

Thus,
= = 120 -
a b
I I A 139.65 - 15 . 17
= = 120
a c
I I A 100.35 15 . 17

= = = ) 22.62 13 )( 19.65 - 15 . 17 (
Y a AN
Z I V V 2.97 223

Thus,
= = 120 -
AN BN
V V V 117.63 - 223
= = 120
AN CN
V V V 122.97 223


Chapter 12, Solution 80.


) 7071 . 0 7071 . 0 ( 8 )] 83 . 0 sin(cos 83 . 0 [ 6
2
1
3 2 1
j S j S S S S + + + = + + =


kVA 31 . 2 6368 . 10
2
S j S + = (1)

But
kVA j18.287 24.383 VA ) 6 . 0 8 . 0 )( 6 . 84 )( 208 ( 3 3 + = + = = j I V S
L L
(2)

From (1) and (2),
kVA 28 . 56 76 . 24 6 . 20 746 . 13
2
= + = j S
Thus, the unknown load is 24.76 kVA at 0.5551 pf lagging.



Chapter 12, Solution 81.


= = 87 . 36 - (leading) 8 . 0 pf
1

kVA 36.87 - 150
1
= S

= = 0 0 . 1 pf
2

kVA 0 100
2
= S

= = 13 . 53 (lagging) 6 . 0 pf
3

kVA 53.13 200
3
= S

kVA 95 j 80
4
+ = S

4 3 2 1
S S S S S + + + =
kVA 21.45 2 . 451 165 j 420 = + = S

L L
I V 3 S =

j
02 . 0 ( ) 7 . 542 )( 3 ( I 3
2
L
2
L L
+ = = Z S
kVA 18 . 44 j 67 . 17
L
+ = S

At the source,
2 . 209 j 7 . 437
L T
+ = + = S S S
kVA 25.55 1 . 485
T
= S

=

= =
7 . 542 3
10 1 . 485
I 3
S
V
3
L
T
T
V 516


Chapter 12, Solution 82.


p
p
Z
V
j j S
*
2
2 1 3 S kVA, 240 320 ) 6 . 0 8 . 0 ( 400 = + = + =

For the delta-connected load, V
p L
V =

kVA 93 . 842 7 . 1053
8 10
) 2400 (
3
2
2 j
j
x S + =

=

MVA 0829 . 1 3737 . 1 2 1 j S S S + = + =
Let I = I
1
+ I
2
be the total line current. For I
1
,

3
, 3 1
*
1
L
p p
V
V I V S = =

735 . 57 98 . 76 ,
) 2400 ( 3
10 ) 240 320 (
3
1
3
1
1
*
j I
x j
V
S
I
L
=
+
= =

For I
2
, convert the load to wye.

76 . 289 1 . 273 30 3
8 10
2400
30 3
2
j
j
I I
o o
p
=
+
= =

5 . 347 350
2 1
j I I I = + =

kV 372 . 5 | | kV 405 . 1 185 . 5 ) 6 3 ( 2400 = + = + + = + =
s line L s
V j j I V V V


Chapter 12, Solution 83.


kVA 80 S kVA, 135 . 60 135 . 60 ) 707 . 0 707 . 0 ( 95 . 0 746 120
2 1
= + = + = j j x x S

kVA 135 . 60 135 . 140
2 1
j S S S + = + =

A 42 . 183
480 3
10 49 . 152
3
| |
3 | | But
3
= = = =
x
x
V
S
I I V S
L
L L L



Chapter 12, Solution 84.


We first find the magnitude of the various currents.

For the motor,
A 248 . 5
3 440
4000
V 3
S
I
L
L
= = =

For the capacitor,
A 091 . 4
440
1800
V
Q
I
L
c
C
= = =

For the lighting,
V 254
3
440
V
p
= =

A 15 . 3
254
800
V
P
I
p
Li
Li
= = =

Consider the figure below.

I
a
I
1
a
-jX
C

R
I
n
I
Li
I
3
I
2
I
c
+
V
ab

I
b
I
C
b
c
n


If , = 0 V
p an
V = 30 V 3
p ab
V
= 120 V
p cn
V

= = 120 091 . 4
X -j
C
ab
C
V
I

) 30 ( 091 . 4
ab
1
+ = =

Z
V
I
where = = 95 . 43 ) 72 . 0 ( cos
-1

= 73.95 249 . 5
1
I

= 46.05 - 249 . 5
2
I

= 193.95 249 . 5
3
I

= = 120 15 . 3
R
cn
Li
V
I

Thus,
+ = + = 120 091 . 4 73.95 249 . 5
C 1 a
I I I
=
a
I A 93.96 608 . 8

= = 120 091 . 4 46.05 - 249 . 5
C 2 b
I I I
=
b
I A 52.16 - 271 . 9

+ = + = 120 15 . 3 193.95 249 . 5
Li 3 c
I I I
=
c
I A 167.6 827 . 6

= =
Li n
- I I A 60 - 15 . 3


Chapter 12, Solution 85.


Let Z R
Y
=

V 56 . 138
3
240
3
V
V
L
p
= = =

R
V
kW 9
2
27
I V P
2
p
p p
= = = =

= = = 133 . 2
9000
) 56 . 138 (
P
V
R
2
2
p


Thus, =
Y
Z 133 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 86.


Consider the circuit shown below.
1
B
N
A
b
n
I
1
I
2
+

1200 V rms 15 + j4
24 j2
1
a
+

1200 V rms
1

For the two meshes,
2 1
) 2 j 26 ( 120 I I = (1)
1 2
) 4 j 17 ( 120 I I + = (2)

In matrix form,

2
1
4 j 17 1 -
1 - 2 j 26
120
120
I
I


70 j 449 + = , ) 4 j 18 )( 120 (
1
+ = , ) 2 j 27 )( 120 (
2
=

=


=

= 3.67 87 . 4
8.86 42 . 454
12.53 44 . 18 120
1
1
I

=


=

= 13.1 - 15 . 7
8.86 42 . 454
4.24 - 07 . 27 120
2
2
I

= =
1 aA
I I A 3.67 87 . 4
= =
2 bB
- I I A 166.9 15 . 7

= =
1 2
1 2 nN
I I I

=
+

=
70 j 449
) 6 j 9 )( 120 (
nN
I A 42.55 - 856 . 2


Chapter 12, Solution 87.


85 . 18 j ) 5010 )( 60 )( 2 ( j L j mH 50 L
3 -
= = =
Consider the circuit below.
1

30
20
I
1
I
2
+

2
+

1
115 V
15 + j18.85
115 V

Applying KVl to the three meshes, we obtain
115 20 2 23
3 2 1
= I I I (1)
115 30 33 2 -
3 2 1
= + I I I (2)
0 ) 85 . 18 j 65 ( 30 20 -
3 2 1
= + + I I I (3)
In matrix form,

+ 0
115
115
j18.85 65 30 - 20 -
30 - 33 2 -
20 - 2 - 23
3
2
1
I
I
I


232 , 14 j 775 , 12 + = , ) 8 . 659 j 1975 )( 115 (
1
+ =
) 3 . 471 j 1825 )( 115 (
2
+ = , ) 1450 )( 115 (
3
=

=


=

= 29.62 - 52 . 12
48.09 19214
47 . 18 2082 115
1
1
I

=


=

= 33.61 - 33 . 11
48.09 19124
14.48 9 . 1884 115
2
2
I

=
+

=

= =
75 . 231 , 14 j 775 , 12
) 5 . 188 j -150 )( 115 (
1 2
1 2 n
I I I A 176.6 - 448 . 1

= = = ) 29.62 52 . 12 )( 115 ( I V S
*
1 1 1
VA 6 . 711 j 1252 +
= = = ) 33.61 33 . 1 )( 115 (
*
2 2 2
I V S V 2 . 721 j 1085 A +