Transformer Vector Group

Nomenclature:
Symbols of transformer windings connections:
Y, D, (Z) - higher voltage side connections in star, delta, (zig-zag)
y, d, z - lower voltage side connections in star, delta, zig-zag

Phase displacement: - the angle of advance in passing from LV phasor to HV

phasor in counter-clockwise direction, described in hours
(1 hour ↔ 30°);
(HV phasor at 12 o'clock and the LV phasor at a given hour: ...
for example 0, 1, 11)
0 line LV is in-phase with line HV
1 line LV is lagging line HV by 30°
11 line LV is leading line HV by 30°
Winding terminals lettering (symbols):
A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2 - Higher voltage windings (A1 - the beginning and A2 -
the end of the winding of phase A)
a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 - lower voltage windings (a1 - the beginning and a2 -
the end of the winding of phase a)

A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA V Vab
B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
B b
VBC VB Vb Vbc
VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 c1 Vca
C1 C2
C c
VC Vc
Yy0 (0 phase shift)
VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 − 𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = √3 𝑉1 ∠30 A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab − 𝑉2 ∠0 + 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 = 0 B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
B b
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 − 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 VBC VB Vb Vbc
Vab = √3 𝑉2 ∠30 VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 Vca
C1 C2 c1
C c
VC Vc
𝑉𝑎𝑏 √3 𝑉2 ∠30 𝑉2
= = ∠0
𝑉𝐴𝐵 √3 𝑉1 ∠30 𝑉1

Yy6 (180 phase shift)

VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 − 𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = √3 𝑉1 ∠30
A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
Vab + 𝑉2 ∠0 − 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 = 0 VAB VA Vab
Va
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 − 𝑉2 ∠0 B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
B b
Vab = √3 𝑉2 ∠ − 150 VBC VB Vbc Vb
VCA V1 120 Vca c2 V2 120 c1
C1 C2
C c
𝑉𝑎𝑏 √3 𝑉2 ∠ − 150 𝑉2 VC Vc
= = ∠ − 180
𝑉𝐴𝐵 √3 𝑉1 ∠30 𝑉1
Dd0 (0 phase shift)
VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0

A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
Vab − 𝑉2 ∠0 = 0 A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0
B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 B b
VBC VB Vb Vbc
VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 c1 Vca
C1 C2
𝑉𝑎𝑏 𝑉2 ∠0 𝑉2 C c
= = ∠0 VC Vc
𝑉𝐴𝐵 𝑉1 ∠0 𝑉1

Dd6 (180 phase shift)

VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0
A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Vab Va
Vab + 𝑉2 ∠0 = 0
Vab = −𝑉2 ∠0 B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
B b
VBC VB Vbc Vb
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠180
VCA V1 120 Vca c2 V2 120 c1
C1 C2
C c
𝑉𝑎𝑏 𝑉2 ∠180 𝑉2 VC Vc
= = ∠180
𝑉𝐴𝐵 𝑉1 ∠0 𝑉1
Yd1 (30 phase shift) (line LV lags line HV by 30°)
VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 − 𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = √3 𝑉1 ∠30 A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab − 𝑉2 ∠0 = 0 b2 V2 -120 b1
B1 V1 -120 B2
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 B b
VBC VB Vb Vbc
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 VCA V1 120 V2 120 Vca
C1 C2 c2 c1
C c
VC Vc
𝑉𝑎𝑏 𝑉2 ∠0 𝑉2
= = ∠ − 30
𝑉𝐴𝐵 √3 𝑉1 ∠30 √3 𝑉1

Yd11 (30 phase shift) (line LV leads line HV by 30°)

VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 − 𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = √3 𝑉1 ∠30
A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab + 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 = 0
B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
Vab = −𝑉2 ∠ − 120
B b
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠60 VBC VB Vb Vbc
VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 c1
Vca
C1 C2
C c
𝑉𝑎𝑏 𝑉2 ∠60 𝑉2 VC Vc
= = ∠30
𝑉𝐴𝐵 √3 𝑉1 ∠30 √3 𝑉1
Dy1 (30 phase shift) (line LV lags line HV by 30°)
VAB + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = −𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠60
A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab − 𝑉2 ∠0 + 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 = 0
B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 − 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 B b
VBC VB Vb Vbc
Vab = √3 𝑉2 ∠30 VCA V1 120 V2 120 Vca
C1 C2 c2 c1
C c
VC Vc
𝑉𝑎𝑏 √3 𝑉2 ∠30 √3 𝑉2
= = ∠ − 30
𝑉𝐴𝐵 𝑉1 ∠60 𝑉1

Dy11 (30 phase shift) (line LV leads line HV by 30°)

VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
A a
VAB VA Va Vab
Vab − 𝑉2 ∠0 + 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 = 0 B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1
B b
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠0 − 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 VBC VB Vb Vbc
Vab = √3 𝑉2 ∠30 VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 c1 Vca
C1 C2
C c
VC Vc
𝑉𝑎𝑏 √3 𝑉2 ∠30 √3 𝑉2
= = ∠30
𝑉𝐴𝐵 𝑉1 ∠0 𝑉1
Yd5 (150 phase shift) (line LV lags line HV by 150°)
VAB − 𝑉1 ∠0 + 𝑉1 ∠ − 120 = 0
VAB = 𝑉1 ∠0 − 𝑉1 ∠ − 120
VAB = √3 𝑉1 ∠30
A1 V1 0 A2 a2 V2 0 a1
VBC = √3 𝑉1 ∠ − 90 A c
VAB VA Va Vca
VCA = √3 𝑉1 ∠ − 210
B1 V1 -120 B2 b2 V2 -120 b1 a
B
VBC VB Vb Vab
Vab = 𝑉2 ∠ − 120
VCA V1 120 c2 V2 120 c1
Vbc = 𝑉2 ∠120 = 𝑉2 ∠ − 240 C1 C2 b Vbc
C
Vca = 𝑉2 ∠0 = 𝑉2 ∠ − 360 VC Vc
𝑉𝑎𝑏 𝑉2 ∠ − 120 𝑉2
= = ∠ − 150
𝑉𝐴𝐵 √3 𝑉1 ∠30 √3 𝑉1