Example 1

NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE
COMPONENTS
Vb2
POSITIVE-SEQUENCE
COMPONENTS
Vc1 Va1
Vc2

Va2

ZERO-SEQUENCE
Vb1 COMPONENTS
Va0
Vb0
Vc0

Vc0
Vc
Vc2 Vc1 Va1
Va2

Va Va0
Vb
Vb0
Vb1

Vb2
 Example 2

Vb2

Vb1
Va2

Vc2

Va1 Vc1

Va0
Vb0
Vc0

Vb

Va
Vc
 Example 3

Vb2

Va2
Vb1

Vc2
Vc1

Va1
Va0=Vb0=Vc0=0

Vb

Va=Vc
 Operators

 Lets define a phasor:

a = 1 = -0.5 + j 0.8666

120

The following relations are true:

a2 = (1(1= 1 1 

a3 = 1 1 

a + a2 
a = 1 120

a 3= 1

a 2 = 1 -120
 Symmetrical Components Relations

Vb2
Vc1

Va0
Va1 Vb0
Vc2
Vc0

Vb1 Va2

The positive-sequence components can be written as:

Vb1 = (1  Va1 = a2 Va1
Vc1 = (1  Va1 = a Va1

For the negative-sequence, we have:

Vb2 = (1  Va2 = a Va2
Vc2 = (1  Va2 = a2 Va2

And for the zero-sequence:

Va0 = Vb0 = Vc0

The totals are:

Va= Va0 + Va1 + Va2 = Va0 + Va1 + Va2
Vb=Vb0 + Vb1 + Vb2 = Va0 + a2 Va1 + a Va2
Vc=Vc0 + Vc1 + Vc2 = Va0 + a Va1 + a2 Va2
 Symmetrical Components Relations

In m a trix fo rm :

 V a  1 1 1  V a 0

     
 
2
 V b 1 a a  V a 1 
 V c   1 a a 2   V a 2


T h is d e fin e s th e tra n s f o rm a tio n m a trix :

1 1 1 
 2 
A = 1 a a 
 1 a a 2 

Its in v e rse is :
1 1 1 
-1 1  
A = 1 a a 2 
3 
 1 a 2
a 

T h e re fo re :
 V a 0
 1 1 1  V a 
  1    
 V a 1   3 
1 a a 2  V b 
 V a 2
  1 a 2
a   V c 

o r:
1
V a 0 = V a  V b  V c 
3
1
V a 1 =
3
V a  a V b  a 2 V c 
1
V a 2 =
3
V a  a 2V b  a V c 
 Example

Ia=10 A.

Ib=-Ia

Ic=0

Ia = 100 A. Ib = 10180 A. Ic = 0 A.

1
Ia0 = 100101800  0
3
1
Ia1 = 100 (10180 )(1120 )  0  5.78  30
3
1
Ia2 = 100 (10180 )(1  120 )  0  5.7830
3

Ib0 = Ia0 = 0
Ib1 = 5.78  30120  5.78  150
Ib2 = 5.78  30120  5.78  150

Ic0 = Ia0 = 0
Ic1 = 5.78  30120  5.78  90
Ic2 = 5.78  30120  5.78  90