Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Lecture 11 - 12

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 Engineering Electromagnetics

Chapter 7
Poisson’s And Laplace’s Equation

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 Poisson’s Equation
From the point form of Gauss’s Law The Definition of D
  D  v D E

     E  v Gradient relation
E  V
     V    v

v
   V  Poisson’s Equation


In Cartesian Coordinates
Ax Ay Az V V V
A    and V  ax  ay  az
x y z x y z

  V    V    V   2V  2V  2V
  V          2  2  2
x  x  y  y  z  z  x y z

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 Laplace’s Equation
Usually    is abbreviated as  2 (del squared)

 2V  2V  2V  v
V 2  2  2 
2

x y z 
When the volume charge density is zero, i.e.

v  0

  2V  0 Laplace’s Equation

In Cartesian Coordinates  2V  2V  2V
 V  2  2  2 0
2

x y z
In Cylindrical  1   2V   2V
1   V
V
2
    2  2   2  0
         z
In Spherical
1   2 V  1   V  1   2V 
V
2
 r    sin      2   0
r r  r  r 2 sin      r 2 sin 2    
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 Example

In Cartesian Coordinates  2V  2V  2V  v
V 2  2  2 
2

x y z 
In Cylindrical  1   2V   2V  v
1   V
V
2
    2  2   2 
         z 
In Spherical
1   2 V  1   V  1   2V  v
V
2
 r    sin      2  
r r  r  r 2 sin      r 2 sin 2     
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