CHE 406, Spring 2020 (lecture 2)

Transport Phenomena

Review of vectors, Tensor and

Coordinate systems( Appendix A)
 .
,
Vect ,
.


v  ai  bj  ck
ors


The magnitude of a vector is its length, is given by: vv a 2  b2 c 2

 
The dot product between two vectors, v 1  a 1 i  b1 j  c 1 k and v2  a 2 i  b2 j  c 2 k is:


v1  v2  a1a2  b1b2  c1c2


The value of the dot product is: v1 v 2 cos where  is the angle between the two vectors

The dot product of a vector with itself is the square of the vector’s magnitude. Thus,

v  v  v 2  v2  v  v  vv
 Vector
s
 
 ai bj  ck
u  vv  a 2  b2  c2


The cross product of two vectors is a vector and can be written as:

  
i j k

v1  v 2  a 1 b1 c11 2 b c c1b2 i1 2 a c  c1a2 a1b2  c1a2 k
  
j  
a2 b2 c2

The magnitude of the cross-product is: v1  v2  

v1 v2 sin where  is the angle between two vectors

The direction of the cross-product is perpendicular to both of the two original vectors, or, equivalently,
perpendicular to the plane in which the two original vectors lie.
Vector and tensor operation in terms of
components

The multiplication signs may be interpreted as:

Unit Vectors
Vector operation in terms of components
Tensor and its operation in terms of components
The tensor's components, in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate
system, form a matrix such as:

`
Tensor operation in terms of components
Vectors and Tensors differential operations in terms of components
Vectors and Tensors differential operations in terms of components
 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

Cartesian Coordinate Spherical Coordinate

Cylindrical Coordinate

General Coordinate (u1,u2,u3)

 Coordinate Systems

∆v= (∆x)(∆y)
(∆z)

∆v= (h1du1)(h2du2)(h3du3)
 Cylindrical coordinate (r, θ, z )

For Cylindrical coordinate

Thus:

and
Spherical coordinate (r, θ, Ø)

an
d
.

Vectors differential operations in the Cartesian

coordinate system
Gradient operator Laplacian operator

  f r   2 f    x  k   f 
 i y j z i f j f k  x2 f2  2 f  2 f
  i   j  k 
   x  y  z
  
  y2  z 2
x y z (r )


Gradient of the function f OR

  i   j   k   i   j   k    2  2   2
2 2 2
f  f 
i  f j f k  2       x y z   x y z  x y z
x y z 

Curl of a vector
The divergence of a vector v
curl   v v   v v   v1 v2 
  v1 v2 (v )    v  2 i3    1  j 3   k
div( )      z y z x y  x 
v3
v v OR
x y  
z 
curl

  i j k
v v  
x y
z
v1 v2
v3
 Vectors differential operations in the
curvilinear coordinate system
For Cylindrical Coordinate
 Vectors differential operations in the
curvilinear coordinate system

For Spherical Coordinate

General Coordinate System (q1, q2, q3)