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Introduction
Energy is often defined as the capacity to do work. Several different forms of energy, such as kinetic, potential, thermal, solar, electromagnetic, chemical, and nuclear have been defined to explain all known natural phenomena. Energy is converted from one form to another, but it is never created nor destroyed. This principle is called the conservation of energy. Energy engineering is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies. Chemical engineers work on process plants, where mass and energy are inputs to get product as an output. Engineers have to find ways to get product economically. So, they have to play with mass and energy so that good quality product is obtained in an economical manner with minimum and efficient use of energy. So, energy engineering is a very important field for chemical engineers and the lab of this subject provide the necessary practical knowledge to the students.
List of Equipment
1. Softening Point Apparatus 2. Swelling Index Apparatus 3. Carbon Residue Apparatus 4. Distillation Apparatus 5. Cleveland Open Cup Flash Point Apparatus
6. Close Cup Flash Point Apparatus (Pensky Martens Apparatus)
7. Saybolt Viscometer 8. Redwood Viscometer 9. Engler Viscometer 10. Aniline Point Apparatus 11. Cloud & Pour Point Apparatus 12. Solar Energy Minilab Apparatus
Details of Equipment
Softening Point Apparatus
This apparatus is used to measure softening point of bituminous coal. Softening point is the temperature degrees C at which a bitumen attains a particular degree of softness with reference to test conditions. Softening point will tell us that at what temperature the coal starts to soften. So, it will help us to know that at what temperature deterioration of roads started.
Distillation Apparatus
This apparatus is used to study the general process of distillation which is an important mass transfer operation in industry.
Saybolt Viscometer
This equipment is used to study the variation of viscosity with respect to temperature. Because viscosity is used for various design calculations in chemical engineering.
Redwood Viscometer
This equipment is used to study the variation of viscosity with respect to temperature. Because viscosity is used for various design calculations in chemical engineering.
Engler Viscometer
This equipment is used to study the variation of viscosity with respect to temperature. Because viscosity is used for various design calculations in chemical engineering.
List of Experiments
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To find out the softening point of pitch bituminous. To determine the swelling index of coal. To determine the carbon residue in the given samples of oil. To carry out the distillation of gasoline. To determine the flash point of a given sample of petroleum by open cup apparatus. To determine the flash point of given sample of petroleum products by "Pensky Martens" apparatus. 7. To report the effect of temperature on the viscosity of the given sample by Saybolt Viscometer. 8. To report the effect of the temperature on the viscosity of given sample by Redwood Viscometer. 9. To report the effect of temperature on viscosity of the given sample of Engler Viscometer. 10. To determine aniline point of a petroleum product. 11. Determination of cloud and pour point of petroleum products 12. To measure the electric characteristics (voltage current curves) of a silicon solar cell. 13. To study how voltage current curves varies by: Series connection of solar cells. Parallel connection of solar cells.