Problema 2.8 (Jackson, 3a.

edição)

a) Using the known potential for a line charge, the two line charges above give the potential
′
φr⃗ = 1 λ ln rr = V, a constant. Let us define V ′ = 4π 0 V
2π 0
Then the above equation can be written
r ′ 2 = e Vλ′ or r ′2 = r 2 e Vλ′
r
⃗ , the above can be written
Writing r ′2 = ⃗r − R
2

2
V′
⃗r + ẑ R = R2e λ
V′ V′
e λ − 1 e λ − 1 2
V′
The equation is that of a circle whose center is at −ẑ R
V′
, and whose radius is a = Re 2λ
V′
e λ −1 e λ −1
b) The geometry of the system is shown in the fugure.

Note that
d = R + d1 + d2
with
d1 = R , d2 = R
V ′a −V ′b
−1 −1
e λ e λ

and
V ′a −V ′b

a = ReV a′
2λ
, b = Re
−V ′b
2λ

e λ − 1 e λ − 1
Forming
 2 2 2
′
Va −V ′b

d −a −b =
2 2 2
R+ R + R − Re 2λ − Re 2λ
V ′a −V ′b V ′a −V ′b
−1
e λ e λ −1 e λ − 1 e λ − 1
or
V ′a −V ′b
R2 e λ +1
d2 − a2 − b2 = −V ′b
V ′a
e λ − 1e λ − 1
Thus we can write
V ′a −V ′b
e λ +1 V ′a −V ′b − V ′a −V ′b
d2 − a2 − b2 = +e V ′a − V ′b
−V ′b
= e 2λ 2λ
= cosh
2ab V ′a 2 2λ
2e 2λ e 2λ

or
V a − V b = 1 cosh −1 d 2 − a 2 − b 2
λ 2π 0 2ab
Capacitance/unit length = C =
Q/L
= λ = 2π 0
L Va − Vb Va − Vb cosh −1 d 2 −a 2 −b 2
2ab
′
c) Suppose a << d , and b << d , and a = ab , then
2 2 2 2

C = 2π 0 2π 0
= 2 1−a 2 +b 2 /d 2
L −1 d 2 −a 2 −b 2 −1 d
cosh ′2 cosh
2a 2a ′2

d 2 1 − a 2 + b 2 /d 2 
cosh −1 = 2π 0 L
2a ′2 C
d 2 1 − a 2 + b 2 /d 2 
2π 0 L

= e C
+ negligible terms if 2π 0 L >> 1
2a ′2 2 C
or
d 2 1 − a 2 + b 2 /d 2 
ln = 2π 0 L
a ′2 C
or
C = 2π 0
L d 2 1−a 2 +b 2 /d 2
ln a ′2

Let us defind α 2 = a 2 + b 2 /d 2 , then

C = 2π 0 = 2π  0d 2 + 2π 2 0d 2 α 2 + Oα 4 
L d 2 1−α 2
ln a ′2 ln a ′2
ln a ′2

The first term of this result agree with problem 1.7, and the second term gives the appropriate
correction asked for.
d) In this case, we must take the opposite sign for d 2 − a 2 − b 2 , since a 2 + b 2 > d 2 . Thus
C = 2π 0
L −1 a 2 +b 2 −d 2
cosh 2a ′2

If we use the identiy, lnx + x 2 − 1  = cosh −1 x, G.&R., p. 50., then for d = 0
 C = 2π 0 2π 0
a 2 +b 2 2 −b 2 =
L ln + a2ab ln ab
2ab
in agreement with problem 1.6.
 Problema 2.11 (Jackson, 3a. edição)

a) The potential for a line charge is (see problem 2.3)

φr⃗ = λ ln r∞
r
2π 0
Thus for this system

φr⃗ = τ ln r∞ + τ ′ ln r∞
2π 0 ⃗
⃗r − R 2π 0 ⃗′
⃗r − R
To determine τ ′ and R ′ , we need two conditions:

I) As r → ∞, we want φ → 0, so τ ′ = −τ.

II) φr⃗ = b  = φr⃗ = −b  or

′ ′
ln b − R = ln b + R
R−b b+R
or
b − R′ = b + R′
R−b b+R
′
This is an equation for R with the solution
2
R′ = b
R
The same condition we found for a sphere.
b)
 b4 2
r2 + − 2r bR cos φ
φr⃗ = τ ln R2
4π 0 r 2 + R 2 − 2rR cos φ
as r → ∞
τ ln 1 − 2b cos φ/rR
2
φr⃗ = = τ ln 1 − 2 b 2 − R 2  cos φ
4π 0 1 − 2R cos φ/r 4π 0 rR
Using
ln1 + x = x − 1 x 2 + 1 x 3 + Ox 4 
2 3
φr⃗ = − τ 1 b 2 − R 2  cos φ
2π 0 rR
c)
b4 2
r2 + − 2r bR cos φ
σ = − 0 ∂ φ|r=b = − τ ∂ ln R2
∂r 4π ∂r r 2 + R 2 − 2rR cos φ
r=b

τ 1−y 2
σ=
2πb y + 1 − 2y cos φ
2

τ 1−y 2
where y = R/b. Plotting σ/ 2πb
= y 2 +1−2y cos φ
, for y = 2, 4, gives
1 − y2
gy =
y 2 + 1 − 2y cos φ
g2, g4 = − 3
5−4 cos φ
, − 17−815cos φ

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

0

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

d) If the line charges are a distance d apart, then the electric field at τ from τ ′ is, using Gauss’s law
′
E= τ
2π 0 d
The force on τ is τLE, ie,
′
F = ττ L = − τ L , and the force is attractive.
2

2π 0 d 2π 0 d
 Problema 2.23 (Jackson, 3a edição)

a) As suggested in the text and in class, we will superpose solutions of the form (2.56) for the two
sides with Vx, y, z = V.
1) First consider the side Vx, y, a = z :
∞
Φ 1 x, y, z = ∑ A nm sinα n x sinβ m y sinhγ nm z
n,m=1
π
with α n = nπ
a , βm = mπ
a , γ nm = a n 2 + m 2 . Projecting out A nm using the orthogonality of the
sine functions,
A nm = 16V
sinhγ nm anmπ 2
where both n, and m are odd. (Later we will use n = 2p + 1, m = 2q + 1
2) In order to express Φ 2 x, y, z in a form like the above, we make the coordinate transformation
x ′ = y, y ′ = x, z ′ = −z + a
So
Φ 2 x, y, z = Φ 1 x ′ , y ′ , z ′  = Φ 1 y, x, = z + a
Φx, y, z = Φ 1 x, y, z + Φ 2 x, y, z
b)
∞
−1 p+q
Φ a , a , a  = 16 ⋅2 V ∑
2 2 2 π p,q=0 2p + 12q + 1 cosh γ nm a
2

where I have used the identity

γ nm a γ a
sinhγ nm a = 2 sinh  cosh nm 
2 2
∞ −1 p+q
Let fp, q ≡ ∑ p,q=0 π
2p+12q+1 cosh 2p+1 2 +2q+1 2 2
 (p,q) fp, q Error Sum
0,0 0.213484 4.4% .214384
1,0 −0. 004641 2.13% 0.20974
0,1 −0. 004641 0.013% 0.20510
1,1 0.0002835 0.015% 0.20539
The first three terms give an accuracy of 3 significant figures.

Φ a , a , a  = 16 ⋅ 0. 20539 V = 0. 332 96V

2 2 2 π2
Φ av  a , a , a  = 2 V = 0. 333. . . . V
2 2 2 6
c)
σx, y, a = − 0 ∂ Φ|z=a
∂z
σx, y, a = − 162 0 V
π
∞
coshγ nm a − 1
= − 162 0 V ∑ sinα n x sinβ m y
π n,m odd
sinhγ nm a
∞
γ nm a
σx, y, a = − 162 0 V ∑ sinα n x sinβ m y tanh
π n,m odd
2