land

r,\ flver
I I
I I
I I
D
I I
I I
I I 14 D ~I
B ~ ---- -,
vt I )

FI GURE 1.1
AS 8 <JID----------'

Boat A goes directly across the river and returns to ils slarting poin!, while boal B heads
down slream for an idenlical distance and then return s.

Boat A must head upstream in arder lo compensate lor the river currenl il il is lo 90 directly
FIGUR E 1. 2

V'

v
D D
+
tE

2DV
V+V V-v

2D / V
vf.
V2- v 2 + l- v 2/ v2

!A
tE
JI - V 2 jV2
ve
FIGURE 1.3 The speed of boat B downstream relative to the shore is increased by the speed of the river
currenl while its speed upstream is reduc ed by the same amount.

V B V B V B
-
v

.!......C]]) ., ....C ][JI ~ .....C ][]

v
.. -..
v v
([][) [(D • ...
B V v B V v
 Momento relativista
m0v
p = mv = s
2
1 − vc2
Segunda Ley de Newton
dp d(mv)
F = =
dt dt

Masa y energı́a
Z
x Z
t dx
KE = 0 F dx = 0 F dt =
dt
Z
t Z
t dp Z
p
0 F vdt = 0 vdt = 0 vdp
dtZ v
v
KE = [v p]0 − 0 pdv
 
v
 m v 2
0  Z
v m0 vdv
=  −
 
s  s
v2  0 2
1 − vc2

1 − c2 0


 v 
v
 m v 2 2
v 
u
u
0 2u

= + m c t1 − (expresión corregida)
 u
0
s
v2 c 2
 
1 − c2
 

0
 
v
2
2  s 1 m 0 c 2
 
= m0c   = s − m c

0

2 2
1 − vc2 0 1 − vc2
= mc2 − m0c2 =⇒ E = mc2 = m0c2 + KE

Energı́a cinética a bajas velocidades:

−1/2
 
2 2 2
  

2 
 v 
2 1 v m0 v
KE = m0c 1 − 2  − 1 ' m0c 1 + 2 − 1 =
   

c 2c 2
 Deducción de la Transformación de
Lorentz para las velocidades
2
dx0
Vx0 = dt0 ; dx0 = √dx−v2dt 2 ; dt0 = dt−(v/c
√ 2) (dx)
2
1−v /c 1−v /c

   
2
dx0  dt−(v/c ) (dx)  (dx/dt)−v
dt0 =  √dx−vdt
2 2
/

 √  = dx−v dt
dt−(v/c2 ) dx
= 1−(v/c2 ) (dx/dt)
1−v /c 1−v 2 /c2

Vx −v
Vx0 = 1−v Vx /c2
(1)

2
dy 0
Vy0 = dt0 ; dy 0 = dy ; dt0 = dt−(v/c
√ 2) (dx)
2 1−v /c

  √ √
dy 0 2
 dt−(v/c ) (dx)  1−v 2 /c2 (dy) 1−v 2 /c2 (dy/dt)
dt0 = dy/  √ 2 2
 = dt−(v/c2 ) (dx)
= 1−(v/c2 ) (dx/dt)
1−v /c

√
1−v 2 /c2 Vy
Vy0 = 1−v Vx /c2
(2)

2
dz 0
Vz0 = dt0 ; dz 0 = dz ; dt0 = dt−(v/c
√ 2) (dx)
2 1−v /c

  √ √
dz 0 2
 dt−(v/c ) (dx)  1−v 2 /c2 (dz) 1−v 2 /c2 (dz/dt)
dt0 = dz/  √ 2 2
 = dt−(v/c2 ) (dx)
= 1−(v/c2 ) (dx/dt)
1−v /c

√
1−v 2 /c2 Vz
Vz0 = 1−v Vx /c2
(3)