UNBALANCED FAULT

OF GENERATOR
 Ia
Single Line-To-Ground Fault
a

𝐼 𝑏= 0 𝐼 𝑐 =0 𝑉 𝑎=0
+
Ia=In Ea
- I a0  1 1 1  I a   I a0  1 1 1  I a 
1  I   1 a1
Zn
- Eb  I   1 a a 2   I b   a1  3  a 2   0 
-  a1  3   I a 2  1 a 2
E +
 I a 2  1 a 2 a   0 
+ c a   I c 
Ib
c b
Sehingga Ia0 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia/3. Maka
Ic

Va 0   0   Z 0 0 0   I a 0  Va 0   0   Z 0 0 0   I a1 
V    E    0 Z 0   I  V    E    0 Z 0   I 
 a1   a   1   a1   a1   a   1   a1 
Va 2   0   0 0 Z 2   I a 2  Va 2   0   0 0 Z 2   I a1 

Z1 Ia1 Z2 Ia2 Z0 Ia0

Diperoleh: Va0+Va1+Va2 = -Ia1Z0 + Ea - Ia1Z1 - Ia1Z2
Ea
+ +
Va1
+
Va2
+
Va0
Karena Va = Va0+Va1+Va2= 0, maka
-
- - -
Ea
I a1 
Z1  Z 2  Z 0
Contoh:
Sebuah generator berkutub mejulang (salient-pole generator) tanpa
peredam mempunyai rating 20 MVA, 13,8 kV dan reaktansi sub-peralihan
poros langsung sebesar 0,25 per satuan. Rektansi urutan-negatif dan urutan-
nol adalah 0,35 dan 0,10 per satuan. Netral generator itu ditanahkan dengan
kuat. Tentukanlah arus sub-peralihan dalam generator dan tegangan antar
saluran untuk kedaan sub-peralihan bila gangguan tunggal dari saluran ke
tanah terjadi pada terminal generator pada saat generator bekerja tanpa beban
pada tegangan nominal. Abaikanlah resistansi.
 Jawab:
Ea 1,0  j 0
I a1    j1,43 per satuan
Z1  Z 2  Z 0 j 0,25  j 0,35  j 0,10
I a  3I a1   j 4,29 per satuan
Va1  Ea  I a1Z1  1,0  ( j1,43)( j 0,25)  1,0  0,357  0,643 persatuan
20.000
Arusdasar   837 A Va 2   I a 2 Z 2  ( j1,43)( j 0,35)  0,50 persatuan
3 x 13,8
Va 0   I a 0 Z 0  ( j1,43)( j 0,10)  0,143 persatuan
I a   j 4,29 x 837   j 3,590 A

Va  Va1  Va 2  Va 0  0,643  0,50  0,143  0

Vb  a 2Va1  aVa 2  Va 0
 0,643( 0,5  j 0,866)  0,50(0,5  j 0,866)  0,143
 0,322  j 0,557  0,25  j 0,433  0,143
 0,215  j 0,990 persatuan
Vc  aVa1  a 2Va 2  Va 0
 0,643( 0,5  j 0,866)  0,50(0,5  j 0,866)  0,143
 0,322  j 0,557  0,25  j 0,433  0,143
 0,215  j 0,990 persatuan
13,8
Vab  1,01x 77,7 0  8,0577,7 0 kV
Vab  Va  Vb  0,215  j 0,990  1,0177,70 persatuan 3
13,8
Vbc  Vb  Vc  0  j1,980  1,9802700 persatuan Vbc  1,980 x 2700  15,782700 kV
3
Vca  Vc  Va  0,215  j 0,990  1,01102,30 persatuan
13,8
Vca  1,01x 102,30  8,05102,30 kV
3
 Line-To-Line Fault

Vb = Vc Ia = 0 Ib = -Ic
Ia
a

Va 0  1 1 1  Va  Va 0  1 1 1  Va 

V   1 1 a a 2  Vb  V   1 1 a
I n = 0 Ea
+
-  a1  3   a1  3  a 2  Vb 
Zn
-
- Eb
+
Va 2  1 a 2 a  Vc  Va 2  1 a 2 a  Vb 
+ Ec
Ib
c b
Diperoleh Va1=Va2
Ic
I a0  1 1 1   0 
1
 I   1 a a 2   I 
Z1 Ia1 Z2 Ia2
 a1  3    c
+ + +  I a 2  1 a 2 a   I c 
Ea Va1 Va2
-
- -

Diperoleh Ia0 = 0 Karena Ia0 = 0,maka Va0 = 0

Ia2 = -Ia1
Va 0   0   Z 0 0 0   I a 0   0   0   Z 0 0 0  0  0 = E - I Z - I Z
V    E    0 Z 0   I  V    E    0 Z 0   I  a a1 1 a1 2
 a1   a   1   a1   a1   a   1   a1  Ea
Va 2   0   0 0 Z 2   I a 2  Va1   0   0 0 Z 2   I a1  I a1 
Z Z1 2
 Ia
a

+
In = 0 Ea
-
Zn
- Eb
-
+ Ec +

Ib
c b

Ic
 Double Line-To-Ground Fault

Vb = 0 Vc = 0 Ia = 0
Ia
a
Va 0  1 1 1  Va 
V   1 1 a a 2   0 
 a1  3 
+
In Ea
-
Zn
-
- Eb Va 2  1 a 2 a   0 
+ Ec +

Ib
c b Va0 = Va1 = Va2 = Va/3
Ib+Ic = In
Ic 1 
1
 0 0
Z 0 0 0   Z0 
Z 1

 0 Z 0
 
 0
1
0

 1   Z1 
0 0 Z 2   1
0 0 
 Z2 
Diperoleh
1  1 
 0 0  0 0
 Z0   a a1 1   0
E  I Z
Z  0   I a 0 
 1   E  I Z   0 1  E   I 
0 0  a a1 1   0  a   a1 
 Z1  Z1
 Ea  I a1Z1    0   I a 2 
 1  1
0 0  0 0 
 Z2   Z2 
 Ia
a

+
In Ea
-
Zn
- Eb
-
+ Ec +

Ib
c b
Ib+Ic = In
Ic
 Z1 Ia1 Z2 Ia2 Z0 Ia0
+ + + +
Ea Va1 Va2 Va0
-
- - -

I a 0  I a1  I a 2  I a  0
Ea Z1 E a Ea Z1 Ea
 I a1   I a1   I a1 
Z0 Z 0 Z1 Z2 Z 2 Z1
Z1 Z1 Ea ( Z 2  Z 0 )
I a1 (1   )
Z0 Z2 Z2Z0
Ea ( Z 2  Z 0 ) Ea
I a1  
Z1Z 2  Z1Z 0  Z 2 Z 0 Z1  Z 2 Z 0 /( Z 2  Z 0 )
Terimakasih
Va 0   0   Z 0 0 0   I A0 
V    E    0 Z 0   I 
 a1   a   1   A1 
Va 2   0   0 0 Z 2   I A 2 
 Gangguan Tunggal dari Saluran ke Tanah

Va 0   0   Z 0 0 0   I A0 
V    E    0 Z 0   I 
 a1   a   1   A1 
Va 2   0   0 0 Z 2   I A 2 