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AC 3-Phase Power Analysis

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1. If the phase sequence of original system is acb, then the phase sequence of negative sequence
current will be…………? EGCB-12

Ans. cab (because abc=bca=cab)

2. In a balanced abc system, 𝑉 = 220∠ − 20 𝑉. What is the value of 𝑉 ? DWASA-14

Ans. 220∠ − 100 𝑉

3. The phase angle between line and phase voltage of a Y connected balanced system is…? BPDB-15

Ans. 30

4 Determine the phase sequence of the set of voltages 𝑣 = 200 cos(𝑤𝑡 + 10 ) 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 =
200 cos(𝑤𝑡 − 230 ) 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡.
Solution:
𝑉 = 200∠ + 10°
𝑉 = 200∠ − 230°
∠ °
∴ =
∠ °

= 1∠ − 240° + 360°
= 1∠120°

𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ + 120°
Here 𝑉 is lead 120° from 𝑉 , so that it is follow ACB sequence.

5 Determine the phase sequence of the set of voltages𝑣 = 200 cos(𝑤𝑡 − 230 ) 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 =
200 cos(𝑤𝑡 − 110 ) 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡.
Solution:
𝑉 = 200∠ − 230°
𝑉 = 200∠ − 110°
∠ °
∴ = ∠ °

= 1∠ − 120°
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ − 120°
Here 𝑉 is lag 120° from 𝑉 , so that it is follow ACB sequence.
6 What is the phase sequence of a balanced three phase circuit for which 𝑣 =
160∠30 𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 160∠−90 𝑉. Find 𝑣 .
Solution:
𝑉 = 160∠ + 30°
𝑉 = 160∠ − 90°
∠ °
∴ =
∠ °

= 1∠120°

𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ + 120°
Here 𝑉 is lead 120° from 𝑉 , so that it is follow ACB sequence.
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠120°

𝑉 = 160∠120° + 30°

𝑉 = 160∠150° 𝑣 Ans.

7 Determine the phase sequence of a balanced three phase circuit in which 𝑣 =

208∠130 𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 208∠10 𝑉. Find 𝑣 .
Solution:
𝑉 = 208∠130°
𝑉 = 208∠10°
∠ °
∴ = ∠ °

𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠120°
ABC Sequence
Here 𝑉 is lag 120° from 𝑉 , so that it is follow ACB sequence.
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ − 120° + 10°

𝑉 = 208∠ − 110° Ans.

8 Given that 𝑣 =110∠30 𝑉. Find 𝑣 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 . Assuming a positive (abc) sequence.

Solution:
𝑉 = 110∠ + 30°
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠120° + 30° = 110∠ + 150°
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠30° = 110∠30° − 120° = 110∠ − 90°
9 Assuming the abc sequence, if 𝑣 = 208∠20 𝑉 in a balanced three phase circuit. Find 𝑣 ,
𝑣 ,𝑣 & 𝑣 .
Solution:
Given,
𝑉 = 208∠20°
𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ + 120°
∴𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ − 120°
𝑉 = 208∠120° + 20°
𝑉 = 208∠ − 120° + 20°
𝑉 = 208∠140° 𝑣 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑉 = 208∠ − 100° 𝑣 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

𝑉 =
√

𝑉 = ∠ − 100° − 30° 𝑉 = 120.088 ∠140° − 30°

√
𝑉 = 120.088∠110° 𝑣 Ans.
𝑉 = 120.088∠ − 130° 𝑣 Ans.

10 𝑉 = 420∠0 𝑉, 𝑉 = 420∠ − 120 𝑉 & 𝑉 = 420∠120 𝑉 . Find the phase voltages.

Solution:
𝑉 = 420∠0°
∴ 𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠30°

𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠30°
∠ °
=𝑉
√ ∠ °

∴𝑉 = 242.48∠ − 30° 𝑣 Ans.

𝑉 = 242.48∠ − 30° − 120°

𝑉 = 242.48∠ − 150° 𝑣 Ans.

𝑉 = 242.48∠ − 30° + 120°

𝑉 = 242.48∠90° 𝑣 Ans.
11 If Vab= 400V in a balanced Y-connected 3 phase generator, find the phase voltages. Assuming
the phase sequence is (a) abc (b) acb.
Solution:
(a) For ABC Sequence:
𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ + 30° 𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ − 120° 𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ + 120°

𝑉 = ∠ − 30° 𝑉 = 230 ∠ − 120° − 30° 𝑉 = 230 ∠ + 120° − 30°

√
𝑉 = 230∠ − 150° 𝑣 Ans. 𝑉 = 230∠ + 90° 𝑣 Ans.
𝑉 = 230∠ − 30° 𝑣 Ans.

(a) For ACB Sequence:

𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ − 30°
𝑉 = ∠ + 30°
√

𝑉 = 230∠ + 30° 𝑣 Ans.

𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠30° + 120° 𝑉 = 𝑉 ∠ − 120° + 30°

𝑉 = 230∠150° 𝑣 Ans. 𝑉 = 230∠ − 90° 𝑣 Ans

Calculate the line currents in the 3 wire Y-Y system of fig. DNCC-16

12

Solution:
Balanced Y-Y Connection; ABC sequence,
−110∠0 + (5 − 𝑗2 + 10 + 𝑗8)𝐼 = 0
𝐼 = 6.81∠ − 21.8° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° − 21.8°
𝐼 = 6.81∠ − 141.8° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 6.81∠120° − 21.8°
𝐼 = 6.81∠98.2° 𝐴 Ans.
 A Y-connected balanced 3 phase generator with an impedance of 0.4+j0.3 ohm per phase is
connected to a Y-connected balanced load with impedance of 24+j19 ohm per phase. The line
13 joining the generator and the load has an impedance of 0.6+j0.7 ohm per phase. Assuming a
positive sequence for the source voltages and that 𝑣 =120∠30 V,
find:(a) the line voltages, (b) the line currents.
Solution: (a) The line Voltages:

𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ + 30°
𝑉 = √3 × 120∠30° + 30°
𝑉 = 207.85∠60° 𝑣 Ans.

𝑉 =𝑉 ∠ − 120° 𝑉 =𝑉 ∠ + 120°
𝑉 = 207.85∠60° − 120° 𝑉 = 207.85∠120° + 60°
𝑉 = 207.85∠ − 60° 𝑣 Ans. 𝑉 = 207.85∠ + 180° 𝑣 Ans.

(b) The line currents.

−120∠30 + (0.4 + 𝑗0.3 + 0.6 + 𝑗0.7 + 24 + 𝑗19)𝐼 = 0

∠ °
𝐼 = . . . .
𝐼 = 3.75∠ − 8.66° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 3.75∠ − 120° − 8.66° 𝐼 = 3.75∠120° − 8.66°
𝐼 = 3.75∠ − 128.66° 𝐴 Ans. 𝐼 = 3.75∠111.34° 𝐴 Ans.

A balanced abc sequence Y-connected source with 𝑣 =100∠10 V is connected to a delta

14 connected balanced load (8+j4) ohm per phase. Calculate the phase and line currents.

Solution:

𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ + 30°
𝑉 = 100√3 ∠40°
Phase Current,
𝐼 =
√ ∠ °
𝐼 = = 19.365∠13.435° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 19.365∠ − 120° + 13.435° 𝐼 = 19.365∠ + 133.435° 𝐴 Ans.
𝐼 = 19.365∠ − 106.565° 𝐴 Ans.
Line Current:

𝐼 = √3𝐼 ∠ − 30°
𝐼 = √3 × 19.365∠ − 30° + 13.435°
𝐼 = 33.54∠ − 16.57° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 33.54 ∠ − 120° − 16.54° 𝐼 = 33.54 ∠120° − 16.54°
𝐼 = 33.54∠ − 136.57° 𝐴 Ans. 𝐼 = 33.54∠103.43° 𝐴 Ans.

A balanced abc sequence Y connected source with 𝑉 = 220∠0 𝑉 is connected to a delta

15 connected balanced load 𝑍 = 𝑍 = 𝑍 = 20 − 𝑗40 𝑜ℎ𝑚 per phase. Calculate the line currents.
BPDB-16
Ans. 𝐼 = 13.41∠ − 63.43 𝐴, 𝐼 = 13.41∠ − 56.57 𝐴, 𝐼 = 13.41∠ − 176.57 𝐴

One line voltage of a balanced Y-connected source is 𝑣 =180∠−20 V. If the source is

16 connected to a delta load of 20∠40 ohm, find the phase and line currents. Assume the abc
sequence.
Solution:
𝑉 = 𝑉 = 180∠ − 20° 𝑣
∴ 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡;
𝐼 =
∆
∠ °
𝐼 = ∠ °
= 9∠ − 60° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠120° − 60°

𝐼 = 9∠ − 60° − 120° 𝐼 = 9∠ + 60° 𝐴 Ans.
𝐼 = 9∠ − 180° 𝐴 Ans.

Line Current:

𝐼 = √3𝐼 ∠ − 30°
𝐼 = √3 × 9∠ − 30° − 60°
𝐼 = 15.59∠ − 90° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120°
𝐼 = 15.59∠ − 90° − 120° 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 15.59∠ − 210° 𝐼 = 15.59 ∠120° − 90°
𝑜𝑟 = 15.59∠150° 𝐴 Ans. 𝐼 = 15.59∠30° 𝐴 Ans.
 A balanced delta connected load having an impedance of 20-j15 ohm is connected to a delta
17 connected, abc sequence generator having 𝑣 =330∠0 V. Calculate the phase currents of the
load and the line currents.
Solution:
𝑉 = 𝑉 = 330∠0° 𝑣
∴ 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡;
𝐼 =
∠ °
𝐼 = = 13.2∠36.87° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120°
𝐼 = 13.2∠ − 83.13° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠120°
𝐼 = 13.2∠156.87° 𝐴 Ans.

Line Current:
𝐼 = √3𝐼 ∠ − 30°
𝐼 = √3 × 13.2∠ − 30° + 36.87°
𝐼 = 22.86∠6.87° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120°
𝐼 = 22.86∠ − 113.13° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120°
𝐼 = 22.86∠126.87° 𝐴 Ans.

A positive sequence, balanced delta connected source supplies a balanced delta connected load.
18
If the impedance per phase of load is 18+j12 ohm and 𝐼 =22.5∠35 A, find 𝑣 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 .
Solution:
𝐼 = √3𝐼 ∠ − 30° ; 𝐼 = 22.5∠35° 𝐴

∴ 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡; 𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠30° = 13∠65° 𝐴 Ans.

√

𝑉 =𝑉 =𝐼 × (18 + j12) = 281.23∠98.69° 𝑣 Ans.

19 In a balanced Delta-Wye circuit, 𝑣 =240∠15 V and Zy= 12+j15 ohm. Calculate the line
currents.
Solution:
𝑉 =𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ + 30°
∴𝑉 = × 240∠15° − 30° = 138.56∠ − 15° 𝑣
√
. ∠ °
∴𝐼 = = 7.21∠ − 66.34° A

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120° = 7.21∠173.66° A
𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ + 120° = 7.21∠53.66° A
 A balanced Y-connected load with a phase resistance of 40 ohm and a reactance of 25 ohm is
20 supplied by a balanced, abc sequence Delta connected source with a line voltage of 210V.
Calculate the phase currents. Use Vab as reference.
Solution:
𝑉 = 𝑉 = √3𝑉 ∠ + 30°
𝑉 = × 𝑉 ∠ − 30°
√
𝑉 = × 210∠0° − 30°
√
𝑉 = 121.24∠ − 30° 𝑣

∴ 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡;
𝐼 =
∠ °
𝐼 = = 13.2∠36.87° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠ − 120°
𝐼 = 13.2∠ − 83.13° 𝐴 Ans.

𝐼 = 𝐼 ∠120°
𝐼 = 13.2∠156.87° 𝐴 Ans.

The unbalanced Y load of fig. has balanced voltages of 100V and the ACB sequence. Calculate
21 the line currents and the neutral current. Take 𝑍 = 15 ohm, 𝑍 = 1 + 𝑗5 ohm & 𝑍 = 6 − 𝑗8
ohm. [CPGCBL-18]
Solution:
ACB Sequence :
𝑉 = 100∠0°
𝑉 = 100∠120°
𝑉 = 100∠ − 120°

∠ °
∴𝐼 = = = 6.667∠0° A
∠ °
𝐼 = = = 8.944∠93.43° A
∠ °
𝐼 = = = 10∠ − 66.87° A
𝐼 = −(𝐼 + 𝐼 + 𝐼 )
𝐼 = −(6.667∠0° + 8.944∠93.43° + 10∠ − 66.87°)
𝐼 = 10.06∠178.47° 𝐴
 The unbalanced Delta load of fig. is supplied by balanced voltages of 200V in the positive
sequence. Calculate the line currents. Take Vab as reference. BPDB-18

22

Solution:
𝑉 = 𝑉 = 200∠0°
𝑉 =𝑉 = 200∠ − 120°
𝑉 =𝑉 = 200∠ + 120°

∠ °
𝐼 = = = 17.89∠26.57° 𝐴
∠ °
𝐼 = = = 12.5∠ − 120° 𝐴
∠ °
𝐼 = = = 20∠83.13° 𝐴

∴ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡;
𝐼 =𝐼 −𝐼 = 17.89∠26.57° − 20∠83.13° = 18.05∠ − 41.06° A

𝐼 =𝐼 −𝐼 = 12.5∠ − 120° − 17.89∠26.57° = 29.15∠ − 139.8° A

𝐼 =𝐼 −𝐼 = 20∠83.13° − 12.5∠ − 120° = 31.87∠74.27° A

For the following unbalanced delta connected load with abc phase sequence calculate phase
current and power. BUET MSC-17

23

Ans. 𝐼 = 10∠ − 53.13 𝐴, 𝐼 = 10∠ − 156.87 𝐴, 𝐼 = 20∠ − 156.87 𝐴 𝑊 = 600𝑊, 𝑊 =

800𝑊, 𝑊 = 1600𝑊
 For the 3-phase unbalanced system shown below, find the power dissipated in the 20 ohm
resistance. GTCL-18

24

Ans. 463.3W

25 A 3 phase delta connected R-L load has line voltage of 400V. In each phase 𝑅 = 10Ω 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 =
𝑗10Ω. Find the line current and total power of the circuit. PGCB-14
Ans. 𝐼 = 48.98∠ − 15 𝐴, 𝐼 = 48.98∠ − 135 𝐴, 𝐼 = 48.98∠105 𝐴, Total complex power =
33930.87∠45 𝐴

26 In a Y connected balanced 3-phase circuit, 𝑉 = 208𝑉, 𝑃𝐹 = 0.6, 𝑃 = 300𝑊. 𝑍 =? BUET

MSc-14
Ans. 155.74+j207.67 ohm

Find Line currents=?

27

Solution:
Using Millmen theorem,

𝑉 =
∠ ° ∠ ° ∠ °

𝑉 = = 308.24∠ − 67.1°
( ) ( ) ( )

Now,
+𝑉 − (120∠0°) + 𝐼 × 𝑗5 = 0
∠ °
𝐼 =
. ∠−67.1° ∠0°
⇒𝐼 = = = 56.78 𝐴
. ∠−67.1° ∠−120°
𝐼 = = = 25.45∠135° 𝐴
. ∠−67.1° ∠120°
𝐼 = = = 42.76∠ − 155.1° 𝐴
N.B: Millmen Theorem usable only on Y-Y unblance connection.
 For the three phase circuit in fig., find the average power absorbed by the delta connected load
with Z (delta)= 21+j24 ohm.

28

Solution: here need to add 3 figure after that this solution.

△
For balanced: 𝑍 =

∠0°
𝐼 = .
= 8.56∠ − 46.7° 𝐴

𝑃 = 3 × |𝐼 | × 7

𝑃 = 3 × 8.56 × 7 = 1539 𝑊 Ans.

Find the average power to each phase and the total load in the following circuit. DESC0-19

29

Ans. Average power to each phase is 1200W, Total load is 3600 watt.

30 For Y connected loads, line to line voltage 203V, total power 1200W, pf 0.75 leading. Calculate
the impedance per phase. NWPGCL-15
Ans. 19.32+j17.04 ohm per phase.

3-phase line voltages of 2300V magnitude are impressed on a balanced wye connected load
31 which consists of 100 ohm resistance per phase in series with 173.2 ohm inductive reactance per
phase. Find the line current and total power taken by the 3-phase load. DPDC-14
Solution:
𝑉 = 2300 𝑣
∴𝑉 = = 1327.91 𝑣
√
. ∠0°
𝐼 =𝐼 =
.
= 6.64∠ − 60° 𝐴 Ans.
Total Power, 𝑃 = 3𝑉 𝐼 cos 𝜃
= 3 × 1327.91 × 6.64 × cos 60° = 13.23 𝐾𝑤 Ans.
 Find the real power absorbed by the load in fig.

32

Solution:Need to add a figure of delta to Y-Y conversion with data after that the following solution
Using Millmen theorem,

𝑉 =

∠ °
√ ∠ ° ∠ °
. . √ ( . . ) √ ( . . )
𝑉 = = 33.32∠0.64°
( . . ) ( . . ) ( . . )

Now,
+𝑉 − ∠ − 30° + 𝐼 × 5 + 𝐼 (2.23 + 𝑗0.304) = 0
√
∠ °
𝐼 =
. ∠−67.1° ∠0°
⇒𝐼 = = = 56.78 𝐴

Ans: 412.835 W

The circuit in fig. is excited by a balanced three phase source with a line voltage of 210V. If
Z(line)= 1+J1, Z(delta)= 24-j30 and Z(wye)= 12+j5 ohm respectively, determine the magnitude
of the line current of the combined loads. APSCL-19
33

Solution: Here need to add 3 figure after that the following solution
For balanced: 𝑍 = △

∴ 𝑉 = 210∠0° = √3𝑉 ∠30°

𝑉 = 70√3∠ − 30° = 𝑉
𝐼 = . .
= 13.66∠ − 23.12° = 13.66 𝐴 Ans.