Resonance

Revision-00

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 Particulars Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
Resonant frequency,𝜔
√ √
Quality factor, Q , , 𝜔 𝑅𝐶
Band Width, B
Half power frequencys ,𝜔 , 𝜔 ;
When 𝑄 ≥ 10 𝜔 ∓ 𝜔 ∓
Half power frequencys ,𝜔 , 𝜔
𝜔 1+ ± 𝜔 1+ ±

At 𝜔 ; 𝐼 =

At 𝜔 , 𝜔 ; 𝐼 = 0.707𝐼

| |
At 𝜔 , 𝜔 ; |𝐼 | =
√

1 Define Resonance Frequency. [APSCL

[APSCL-17]

Ans: The frequency at which the net reactance of the series circuit is zero is called the resonance
frequency 𝑓 .

2 Calculate Resonant Frequency.

Ans: Under Resonance condition

condition,

𝑋 −𝑋 =0

𝑋 =𝑋

2𝜋𝑓 𝐿 =

𝑓 =

𝑓 =
√

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Note: In series resonance:

 Z = R ; Impedance is minimum and equals to R

 𝐼 = = ; Circuit is maximum and in phase with v.
 𝑝𝑓 = cos 𝜃 = = = 1; pf is unity.
 𝑋 = 𝑋 𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 0
 Power dissaputed is maximum, 𝑃 = 𝐼 𝑅 =
 𝑉 =𝑉
 𝑄 = tan 𝜃 = tan 0° = 0∗

3 What will be the resonant frequency of a tuner circuit when, 𝐿 = 200𝜇𝑓

𝜇𝑓 and C =10 pf? [PGCB-
17]

Solution:

𝑓 =
√

𝑓 = = 1 MHz
√ × × ×

A Coil having an inductance of 50mH and resistance of 10 ohm is connected in series with a
4 25 𝜇𝑓 capacitor across a 200 V ac supply. Calculate (a) Resonance frequency (b) Resonance
Current (c) Value of 𝑄 by using different data.

Solution:

(a) 𝑓 = = = 142.3 Hz
√ √ × × ×

(𝑏) 𝐼 = = = 20A

(c)𝑄 = = × . × × ×
= 4.47

× . × ×
𝑄 = = = 4.47

×
𝑄 = = ×
= 4.47

5 Resonance সািকেট L= 0.1 H and C= 250 𝜇𝑓 হেল resonance frequency কত? [NWPGCL-17,
[NWPGCL SAE]

Solution:

𝑓 = = = 31.83 Hz
√ √ . × ×

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6 Find 𝑉 across inductor at resonance condition. Where V= 120v,60Hz, H= 0.2H,
𝑅 = 40 Ω 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 20 Ω. [NWPGCL-15,AE]

Solution:

𝑋 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2𝜋 × 60 × 0.2
2 = 75.4 𝑜ℎ𝑚

Z = R= 40+20 = 60 ohms

𝐼 = = = 2A

𝑉 = 75.4𝑋 2 = 150.8 𝑉

Parallel Resonance

Resonance Frequency,𝑓 = −

Comparision of series and parallel resonance

Item Series R-L-C Parallel Ckt(R-L)and C
𝑍 Min=R Max
𝐼 Max= V/R 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑉/(𝐿/𝐶𝑅)
Pf Unity Unity
𝑓
√ −
Magnifies Voltage Current
Magnification 𝜔 𝐿 ⁄𝑅 𝜔 𝐿 ⁄𝑅

িনে র বতনীর Capacitor and Resistor এর কাের বর কর।

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Need to add a Figure

Solution:
𝑉 = 10𝑣
𝑅 = 10Ω

𝐼 = =1𝐴

𝑋 = = × × ×
= 19.9Ω

𝐼 = .
= 0.5∠90°𝐴

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 In the circuit in fig. R=2 Ω, L=1 mH and C= 0.4 𝜇𝑓.. (a) Find the resonant frequency and the half-
half
power frequencies. (b) Calculate the quality factor and band width, (c) Determine the amplitude of
the current at 𝜔 , 𝜔 and 𝜔 .

Solution:

(a) Resonant frequency, 𝜔 = = = 50 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

√ √ × . ×

Half power frequency:

𝜔 = 𝜔 − = 50 − = 49 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝜔 = 𝜔 + = 50 + = 51 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

× ×
(b) Quality factor, Q = = = 25

Band width, B = = = 2 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑆

(c)Amplitude of the current,

At 𝜔 ; 𝐼 = = = 10
10𝐴

At 𝜔 and 𝜔 ; 𝐼 = 0.707𝐼 = 0.707 × 10 = 70.7 𝐴

Or,
At 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔
| |
|𝐼| = = = 7.071 𝐴
√ √ ×

A series connected circuit ha

has R=4Ω and L=25 mH. (a) Calculate the value of C that will produce
a quality factor of 50. (b) Find 𝜔 , 𝜔 , and B. (c) Determine the average power dissipated at
9 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔 , 𝜔 . Take 𝑉 =100V.

Solution:
(a) 𝑄 = 50 Now,

⇒ = 50 𝑄 = 50

× ⇒ = 50
∴𝜔 = ×
= 8000𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
⇒ × ×
= 50

∴ 𝐶 = 0.625𝜇𝑓

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(b) Band width,𝐵 = = = 160 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Half power frequency, 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔

𝜔 = 𝜔 − = 8000 − = 7920 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝜔 = 𝜔 + = 8000 + = 8080 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

(c) At 𝜔 ; 𝐼 = = = 25 𝐴

At 𝜔 , 𝜔 ; 𝐼 = 0.707𝐼 = 0.707 × 25 = 17.675 𝐴

∴ 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝜔 = 𝜔

𝑃 = 𝐼 𝑅 = × 25 × 4 = 1250 𝑊

𝑃 at 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔

= 𝐼 𝑅 = × 17
17.675 × 4 = 625 𝑊

10 In the parallel RLC circuit in fig., let, R= 8k

8kΩ, L= 0.2 mH and C= 8 𝜇𝑓.
𝜇𝑓 (a) Calculate 𝜔 , Q and
B. (b) Find 𝜔 and 𝜔 . (c) Determine the power dissipated at 𝜔 , 𝜔 and 𝜔 . 𝑉 = 10 sin 𝜔𝑡

Solution:

(a) Resonant frequency,

𝜔 = = = 25 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
√ √ . × × ×

𝑄 = 𝜔 𝑅𝐶

𝑄 = 25 × 10 × 8 × 10 × 8 × 10 = 1600

×
Band width,𝐵 = = = 15.625 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

(b) Half power frequency, 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔

.
𝜔 = 𝜔 − = 25 × 10 − = 24992 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
.
𝜔 = 𝜔 + = 25 × 10 + = 25008 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

(c) At 𝜔 = 𝜔

𝐼 = = ×
= 1.25 𝑚𝐴

At 𝜔 = 𝜔 , 𝜔

𝐼 = 0.707𝐼 = 0.707 × 1..25 = 0.88375 𝑚𝐴

Power at 𝜔 = 𝐼 𝑅 = × 1. 25 × 8 = 6.25 𝑚𝑊

Power at 𝜔 , 𝜔 = 𝐼 𝑅 = × 0. 88375 × 8 = 3.124 𝑚𝑊

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11 A parallel resonant circuit has R=100k
R=100kΩ, L=20 mH and C=5 𝑛𝑓.. Calculate 𝜔 , 𝜔 , 𝜔 ,Q and B.
Solution:
Resonant frequency,

𝜔 = = = 100 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
√ √ × × ×

𝑄 = 𝜔 𝑅𝐶 = 100 × 10 × 4 × 10 × 5 × 10 = 50

Band width,𝐵 = = = 2 𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Half power frequency,

𝜔 = 𝜔 − = 100 − = 99 𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝜔 = 𝜔 + = 100 + = 101 𝐾𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Determine the resonant frequency of the circuit in fig.

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Solution:

The input admittance is,

𝑌= + +

𝑌= + 𝑗0.1𝜔 +

⇒ 𝑌 = 0.1 + 𝑗0.1𝜔 + ( )( )
At resonance,
⇒ 𝑌 = 0.1 + 𝑗0.1𝜔 +
𝐼 (𝑌) = 0
⇒ 𝑌 = 0.1 + 𝑗0.1𝜔 + −𝑗
⇒ 0.1𝜔 =

⇒ 𝑌 = 0.1 + + 𝑗(0.1𝜔
𝜔 − ) ⇒ 𝜔 = 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐 Ans

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 Calculate the resonant frequency of the circuit in fig.

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Self Practice

For the circuit

cuit in fig., find the freq
frequency W for which
ich v(t) and i(t) are in phase.

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Self Practice

For the “tank” circuit in fig., find the resonant frequency.

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Solution:
The input admittance is,

𝑌= + 𝑗𝜔 𝐶

⇒𝑌= + 𝑗𝜔 𝐶

⇒ 𝑌 = 𝑗𝜔 𝐶 + −𝑗

At resonance,

𝐼 (𝑌) = 0 ⇒𝜔 = −
𝜔 𝐶=
⇒𝜔 = −
⇒𝑅 +𝜔 𝐿 =
⇒𝜔 = ( × × × )
− ×
⇒𝜔 𝐿 = −𝑅
⇒ 𝜔 = 4841.23 𝑟𝑎𝑑/sec
𝑟𝑎𝑑

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 Resonant frequency=?
Q and B=?

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Solution:
𝐶 = (3 ∥ 6)𝜇𝑓 = 2𝜇𝑓

∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝜔 = = = 5000 𝑅𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

√ × × ×

Quality factor 𝑄 = 𝜔 𝑅𝐶 = 5000 × 2000 × 2 × 10 = 20

Band width 𝐵 = = = 250 𝑅𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

17 A series RLC network has R=2k

R=2kΩ, L=40mH and C=1 𝜇𝑓.. Calculate the impedance at resonance
and at one-half,
half, twice and four times the resonant frequency.
Solution:

𝑍 = 2000 + 𝑗𝜔 × 0.04 + ×

𝜔 = = = 5000 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
√ √ . ×

𝜔 = 𝑅 = 2000Ω

At, 𝜔 = 5000

⇒ 𝜔 = 2500

𝑧 = 2000 + 𝑗0.04 × 2500 + ×

= 2000 − 𝑗300Ω

At,2𝜔 = 5000

𝑧(2𝜔 ) = 2000 + 𝑗0.04 × 5000 × 2 + × ×

= 2000 + 𝑗300Ω

At,24 = 5000

𝑧(4𝜔 ) = 2000 + 𝑗0.04 × 5000 × 4 + × ×

= 2000 + 𝑗750Ω

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18 For the circuit in fig., find (a) the resonant frequency 𝜔 and (b) Zin(𝜔 ).

Self Practice

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