Circuit Analysis

15EECC201

Unit: III
Chapter No: 07
Higher Order Circuits
(Resonance)

Dr Sujata Sanjay Kotabagi

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Resonance
A.C Circuits made up of resistors, inductors and capacitors are said to be resonant circuits when the
current drawn from the supply is in phase with the impressed sinusoidal voltage. Then
1. the resultant reactance or susceptance is zero.
2. the circuit behaves as a resistive circuit.
3. the power factor is unity.

A second order series resonant circuit consists of R, L and C in series.

At resonance, voltages across L and C and are equal and opposite and
these voltages are many times greater than the applied voltage.

A second order parallel resonant circuit consists of R, L and C in parallel.

At resonance, currents in L and C are circulating currents and they are considerably
larger than the input current.
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Resonance

Resonance is the phenomenon which finds its applications in communication circuits:

The ability of a radio or Television receiver

(1) to select a particular frequency or a narrow band of frequencies transmitted by broad

casting stations or

(2) to suppress a band of frequencies from other broad casting stations, is based on resonance.

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Series Resonance
At resonance, X is zero. If ωo is the frequency at which
resonance occurs, then

……………Resonant frequency

𝑬
The current at resonance is 𝑰𝒎 = = maximum current.
𝑹
Resonance can be achieved by
1. Varying frequency ω The phasor diagram The variation of current with frequency
2. Varying the inductance L
3. Varying the capacitance C

The current in the circuit is

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Series Resonance
𝟏
𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑿𝑳 = 𝝎𝑳; 𝑿𝑪 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒁 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝝎 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒑𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑳/𝐂
𝝎𝑪
𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝑳𝑪 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕.

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Series Resonance

Impedance (magnitude and phase angle) versus angular

frequency for a series resonant circuit.

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Series Resonance
The power response of a series resonant circuit has a bell-shaped
curve called the selectivity curve

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Examples-Series Resonance
1. Two coils, one of R1 = 0.51 Ω, L1 = 32mH, the other of
R2 = 1.3 Ω and L2 = 15 mH and two capacitors of 25 μF (𝒊) 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚:
and 62 μF are all in series with a resistance of 0.24 Ω. 𝟏 𝟏
𝝎𝟎 = =
Determine the 𝑳𝒔𝑪𝒔 𝟒𝟕 𝒎 × 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟏𝟔𝝁
(i) Resonance frequency
(ii) Q of each coil = 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖 𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔𝒆𝒄
(iii) Q of the circuit
(iv) Cut off frequencies
(v) Power dissipated at resonance if E = 10 V. (𝒊𝒊) 𝑸 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍𝒔:

𝝎𝟎𝑳𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑

𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝟏, 𝑸𝟏 = = = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟓𝟕
𝑹𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏 + 𝟏. 𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝛀 𝑹𝟏 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏

𝑳𝒔 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟒𝟕𝒎𝑯
𝝎𝟎𝑳𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝟐, 𝑸𝟐 = = = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔
𝟐𝟓 × 𝟔𝟐
𝑹𝟐 𝟏. 𝟑
𝑪𝒔 = 𝝁𝑭 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟏𝟔 𝝁𝑭
𝟖𝟕

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Resonance
𝝎𝟎𝑳𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟒𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝑸 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒊𝒕: 𝑸 = = = 𝟐𝟓
𝑹𝒔 2.05

𝝎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖
𝒊𝒗 𝑪𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒔: 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒔, 𝑩 = = = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟕𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒔
𝑸 𝟐𝟓

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑸 > 𝟓, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒔,

𝑩
𝝎𝟐, 𝟏 = 𝝎𝟎 + =𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟐. 𝟖 ± 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟔
𝟐

𝝎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝎𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟏 𝒓𝒂𝒅/ 𝒔𝒆𝒄.

𝑬𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝒗 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: = = 𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟖 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔
𝑹 𝟐.𝟎𝟓

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Resonance
2. For the series resonant circuit shown find
a. Resonant frequency expressed as ω(rad/s) and f(Hz).
b. Total impedance at resonance.
c. Current at resonance.
d. VL and VC.
e. Reactive powers, QC and QL.
f. Quality factor of the circuit, Qs.

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Resonance
d. Voltage VL and Vc

e. The symbol Q is used to designate both reactive

power and the quality factor, the context of the f. Quality factor of the circuit, Qs.
question generally provides us with a clue as to which
meaning to use.

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Resonance
3. For the series resonant circuit shown find
a. Resonant frequency expressed as ω(rad/s) and f(Hz).
b. Total impedance at resonance.
c. Current at resonance.
d. VL and VC.
e. Reactive powers, QC and QL.
f. Quality factor of the circuit, Qs

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Resonance
4. In the circuit shown, R = 2Ω &, L = 1 mH, and C = 0.4 μF.
(a) Find the resonant frequency and the half-power
frequencies. (b) Calculate the quality factor and
bandwidth. (c) Determine the amplitude of
the current at ω0, ω1, and ω2.

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Resonance

Since Q > 10, this is a high-Q circuit and we can obtain

the half-power frequencies as

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