Parallel LCR Circuit

 To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its

(a) Anti-resonant Frequency, (b) Quality Factor (Q)

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Resonance:
 Resonance occurs in any circuit that has energy storage element, at least one inductor
(L) and one capacitor (C).
 In LCR circuit, resonance is a condition in which the capacitive and inductive
reactances are equal in magnitude.

Quality Factor (Q):

 Quality factor relates the maximum energy stored to the energy dissipated in the circuit per cycle
of oscillation.
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅
𝑸 = 𝟐𝝅
𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅

Note:
Resonant circuits are used in many applications such as selecting the desired stations in TV
and radio receivers.
Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Impedance Admittance

𝒁=𝑹+𝒋𝑿 j = −𝟏 Y= 𝑮 + 𝒋 B

Resistance Reactance Conductance Susceptance

𝟏 𝟏
𝒀= 𝐆=
𝒁 𝑹
1
Capacitive reactance: 𝑋𝐶 =
𝜔𝑐
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
Inductive reactance: 𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Parallel LCR circuit Practical Parallel Resonance Circuit
(Tank Circuit)

~ R C L ~ C
Oscillator
L

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑹𝟐
Resonance Frequency: 𝒇𝟎 = 𝒇𝟎 = −
𝟐𝝅 𝑳𝑪 𝟐𝝅 𝑳𝑪 𝑳𝟐

𝑳
𝒁𝑫 =
Dynamic Impedance: 𝒁𝑫 = 𝑹 𝑹𝑪

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Experiment No.-5
Aim:
To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant Frequency, and (b)
Quality Factor (Q)

Apparatus required:

 Circuit elements: a capacitor (C), a resistor (R) and an inductor (L),

 multi-meters or ac milliammeter
 connecting wires
 an audio oscillator
 breadboard

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Breadboard

Internally Connected

Internally Connected

Resistor
Capacitor Inductor
Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Formula Used:
In parallel LCR circuit-
 The resonance frequency is given by- 𝟏 𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝒇𝟎 = −
𝟐𝝅 𝑳𝑪 𝑳𝟐

• The quality factor is given by-

𝟏 𝑳
𝑸=
𝑹 𝑪

Note:
Experimentally, the value resonance frequency is determined from the Graph: current versus frequency
plot. In this plot, the frequency corresponding to the minimum current is the resonance frequency.

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Circuit Diagram:
K

Key
R

Oscillator ~ C

mA

AC milliammeter

Fig-1: Parallel LCR resonance circuit

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Procedures:
i. Make the connections as shown in Fig.-1.
ii. Take L and C so that the natural frequency of the circuit lies in the range 1000 to 2000 Hz.
iii. Switch on the audio oscillator and set the frequency and voltage at a fixed value.
iv. For the given value of resistance R, measures the corresponding ac current I . Now change the
frequency of the audio oscillator and note down the corresponding ac current I . Repeat this step
for different values of frequency and note down the current I corresponding to each frequency.
v. Repeat the observations for different values of R. Take at least three set of observations for three
different values of R (say, R1 , R2 and R3 ).
vi. Draw the graph between current (I ) and frequency (f ) by considering frequency on X-axis and
current on Y-axis. Then, from this graph determine the anti-resonance frequency for minimum
current for each R.

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Observations: C = ……..µF , L = ……..Henry , Input voltage V0 = ….volt
Least count of ac milliameter = ……

S. No. Frequency (f) Current I (in mA) for

(in Hz)
1 R1 = ……..Ω R2 =……..Ω R3 = ……..Ω
2
3
4
5

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Graph: I versus f
I (mA)
R3

R2

R1

f (Hz)
𝑓0

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Calculations: C = ……..µF L = ……..Henry

The theoretical values :

1. The resonance frequency is given by-

𝟏 𝟏 𝑹𝟐
𝒇𝟎 = − = … … … . 𝑯𝒛
𝟐𝝅 𝑳𝑪 𝑳𝟐

2. The quality factor is given by-

𝟏 𝑳
𝑸= = ………..
𝑹 𝑪

Calculate f0 and Q for R1, R2 , and R3 .

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 From Graph
For R1 = …….Ω ,
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑓0 = … … . . 𝐻𝑧

For R2 = …….Ω ,
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑓0 = … … . . 𝐻𝑧

For R3 = …….Ω ,
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑓0 = … … . . 𝐻𝑧

For R1 = …….Ω , 𝟐𝝅 𝒇𝟎 𝑳
Quality factor, 𝑸 = = ………..
𝑹𝟏

Similarly, Q can be calculated for R2 and R3 .

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Results:
1. In the given parallel LCR circuit, the followings physical quantities have been determined
experimentally and their values are found as:

i. The resonant frequency, 𝒇𝟎 = … … … … 𝑯𝒛

ii. Quality factor, 𝑸 = … … … . .

2. Theoretical values are: 𝒇𝟎 = … … … … 𝑯𝒛, and 𝑸 = ………..

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Precautions:
1. Don’t switch on power supply while making the connections.
2. The resistor, capacitor and inductor should be connected properly.
3. The values of inductor and capacitor should be such that the natural frequency of the circuit
lies between 1000 and 2000 Hz.
4. The value of R and the voltage of oscillator ( i.e., input voltage to the parallel LCR circuit)
should be kept constant while measuring the current corresponding to different values of
frequency.
5. The ac milliammeter should be free from errors.
6. The observations should be taken very carefully.

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
 Graph: I versus f
I (mA)
R3

R2
( R3 > R2 >R1 )

R1

f (Hz)
𝑓0

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Observations Example NOTE: The values given here are only
for practice. The actual values may
Least count of ac milliameter = …… differ in the observations during the
experiment.
S. No. Frequency (f) Current I (in mA) for
(in Hz)
1 R1 = ……..Ω R2 =……..Ω R3 = ……..Ω C = ……..µF ,
2
L = ……..Henry ,
3
4
Input voltage V0 = ….volt
5

Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.
Dr. Vikram Verma, Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019.