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v2
(
Q̇−Ẇ =ṁ ∆ h+
2
+ gz )
*Because of throttling process, Q̇ also equal to 0
*No work input, therefore Ẇ = 0
v2
*Kinetic and potential energy are negligible, and gz are equal to 0
2
0=ṁ(h2−h1)
h1 =h2 (Isenthalpic)
s2 = 7.426 kJ/kgK
h1 =x h g +(1−x)hf
s1=(0.95)(6.379)+(0.05)(2.798)
s1=6.18 kJ/kgK
Reversibility
dQ
≤ s 2−s1
T
dQ
≤ ṁ(s ¿ ¿ 2−s1 )¿
T
(÷m)
dq
≤ s 2−s1
t
dq
=0 s2 – s1
t
= 7.426- 6.18
= 1.246
dQ
Since ≤ s 2−s1, therefore this is an irreversible process.
T
2. State point 1 : Compressed Liquid State point 2 : Compressed Liquid
T1 = 32℃ T2 = 85℃
P1 = 1.2 bar P2 = 1 bar
v2
(
Q̇−Ẇ =ṁ ∆ h+
2
+ gz )
*No work input, therefore Ẇ = 0
v2
*Kinetic and potential energy are negligible, and gz are equal to 0
2
Q̇= ṁ( h2−h1 )
s1 = 0.464kJ/kgK s2 = 1.134kJ/kgK
¿ 1.5 ( 355.9−134 )
¿ 322.85kJ/s
Reversibility
dQ
≤ s 2−s1
T
dQ
≤ ṁ(s ¿ ¿ 2−s1 )¿
T
v2
(
Q̇−Ẇ =ṁ ∆ h+
2
+ gz )
*No work input, therefore Ẇ = 0
v2
*Kinetic and potential energy are negligible, and gz are equal to 0
2
Q̇= ṁ( h2−h1 )
sg = 6.761 kJ/kgK
sf = 1.931 kJ/kgK
s2=x s g +(1−x ) s f
s2=(0.9)(6.761)+(0. 1)(1.931)
s2=6. 278kJ/kgK
¿ 1.5 ( 2548.3−2757 )
¿−3 13.05kJ/s
313.05kJ/s of heat transfer out
Reversibility
dQ
≤ s 2−s1
T
dQ
≤ ṁ(s ¿ ¿ 2−s1 )¿
T
mg
x=
m g +m f
0.0005
x=
0.0005+0.85
x=0.0005 9
Therefore,
dQ=dH
dQ=ṁ total (h2−h 1)
State point 1 : Wet Steam State point 2 : Saturated Steam
P1 = 1 bar P2 = 1 bar
sg = 7.359 kJ/kgK
sf = 1.303 kJ/kgK
dQ=0.8505(26 75−418.33)
dQ=1919 . 2 9kJ
Reversibility
dQ
≤ s 2−s1
T
dQ
≤ m(s ¿ ¿ 2−s1 )¿
T
dQ
T sat @1 ¯¿ ¿
m(s2 – s1)
19 19. 2 9
=5.1 5 = 0.8505(7.359 - 1.307)
99.6+273
= 5.15
dQ
Since is same to s2 – s1, therefore this is a reversible process.
T
5. State point 1 : Wet Steam State point 2 : Saturated vapour/liquid
P1 = 1 bar Constant volume
mg = 0.0005kg
mf = 0.85kg
mg
x=
m g +m f
0.0005
x=
0.0005+0.85
x=0.0005 9
dQ=mtotal (U 2−U 1 )
dQ=0.8505(1758−418.23)
dQ=1139.47kJ
Reversibility
dQ
≤ s 2−s1
T
dQ
≤ m(s ¿ ¿ 2−s1 )¿
T