6/6/2021 Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Mechanics: Newtonian Mechanics - Civil Engineering Notes

Civil Engineering Notes

Home There are six fundamental principles of applied mechanics:

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1. Stevinius Law for Combination of Forces 

Basic Engineering Courses They combine by Parallelogram Law.

Applied Mechanics This law assigns the vector property to the forces. 

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Soil Mechanics 2. Principle of Transmissibility 

"The condition of equilibrium or motion of a rigid body will not be changed if a force acting at a
Surveying II given point of the rigid body is replaced by another force of the same magnitude and same
direction acting on a different point along the same line of action."

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Theory of Structures II Or, "The action of a force may be transmitted along its line of action."

Line of action of force:  The line of action is an infinite straight line along which the force acts.

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Here, forces F and F' have the same magnitude and they act along the same line of action. Thus, the two forces are
equivalent. 

"While the principle of transmissibility may be used freely to determine the conditions of motion of equilibrium of rigid
bodies and to compute the external forces acting on these bodies, it should be avoided, or at least used with care, in
determining internal forces and deformations."

3. Newton's Laws of Motion

First Law: Every particle continues in a state of rest or uniform in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that
state by forces impressed on it.

Second Law: The change of motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in a direction of the straight line
in which the force is impressed.

Third Law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

This law refers to a system of particles or bodies in contact with each other and interacting.   

4. Newton's Law of Gravitation

"Two  particles are attracted towards each other along the line connecting them with a force whose magnitude is
directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the
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particles."

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6/6/2021 Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Mechanics: Newtonian Mechanics - Civil Engineering Notes

Newton's Law of Gravitation introduces the idea of an action exerted at a distance and extends the range of
application of Newton's Third Law: the action F and the reaction -F are equal and opposite, and they have the same
line of action.

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