Earl Jehrard L.

Penamora
G095

Assignment Research

a. Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. Newton’s First Law of Motion - The "Law of Inertia," as it is often referred to, says
that "a body at rest remains at rest, a body already in motion continues in motion with
constant velocity unless acted upon by an imbalanced applied force." It implies that
an object's motion will not alter until a force is applied to it. For instance, a ball on
the ground cannot move by itself; it requires external power to move.

2. Newton’s Second Law of Motion - The "Law of Acceleration," as it is also known,

states that "the acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force acting on
the object and inversely proportional to its mass of an object." To put it differently,
when force is applied, an object will accelerate based on its mass and the force being
applied to it. For instance, the acceleration produced by pulling a cart and an
automobile is different in speed. Due to its higher mass than the cart, the automobile
required more force to accelerate at the same rate. The Law of Acceleration describes
the connection between mass, force, and acceleration.

3. Newton’s Third Law of Motion – "When an item produces a force on another

object, the second object exerts a force of equal size but in the opposite direction
on the first," according to the "Law of Interaction." It explains the dynamics of the
forces at play when two objects contact. For instance, when you lean against a
wall, the wall pushes back on your body with a force equal to the force you applied
in the opposite direction. The body will collapse together with the wall if the wall's
forces are absent. When a fireman grips the fire hose tightly, the force of the
pressure causes it to spray water out of it backward, which is another illustration of
Newton's third law of motion.
APPLICATION OF MECHANICS
A field of physical science called mechanics examines how forces and energy interact
with bodies. It is separated into two branches: static and dynamics, with kinematics and kinetics
as sub-branch of dynamics. Kinematics is the study of an object in motion without regard to its
cause, statics is the study of forces acting on bodies at rest, dynamics is the study of objects in
motion and the forces that affect them, and kinetics deals with the effects of forces on the
motions of physical bodies or with changes in a physical or chemical system. The following are
examples of mechanics in use.
1. Structural Engineering -To guarantee the sturdiness and strength of the infrastructure,
structural engineering frequently applies mechanics. To guarantee the safety and lengthen
the life of the construction, calculations are made about the material qualities, load
estimations, frameworks, designs, stress concentration, and other elements. The results of
using mechanics in this discipline include stability, safety, and the elimination of flaws
and risks.

2. Mechanical engineering - The use of hydraulics and mechanics in various machines

such those propelled by electricity, water, and wind for various reasons. The machinery is
powered and operated by kinematics and kinetics. For instance, the intricate shape of
steam turbines and the interacting dynamics and thermodynamics of moving steam power
steam turbines. Machines functioned properly thanks to fluid mechanics' basic principles.
Modern kinematic and kinetic analysis of machines and mechanisms has become
increasingly relevant as robotics and electronics technology has advanced.

3. Applied Mechanics and its Growing Utilization of Theoretical Mechanics – Its uses
are clear in a variety of scientific disciplines, including engineering and technology as
well as astronomy, meteorology, and oceanology. It is also utilized to create inventive
measuring methods that are suitable for a certain application area. Through study, the
application of ideas, and other various procedures, theoretical mechanics aids in the
resolution of challenging "real life" situations.

4. Planetary Sciences - the use of mechanics in disciplines like meteorology, which deals
with the atmosphere of Earth. and astronomy that deal with the celestial bodies to
forecast weather and events like eclipses, the full moon, etc., and how these heavenly
bodies travel, their features, and how they interact with one another. As an illustration,
consider the study of Earth's atmosphere and weather. With the use of satellites, tools like
barometers, meteorology knowledge, and excellent observation skills, meteorologists can
forecast the weather and draw conclusions about potential weather events. Astronomers
are able to determine the motion and positions of the moon, sun, meteors, planets, and
other celestial bodies. Geologists collected data using seismographs inside the Earth's
mantle and crust to determine how earthquake waves moved through it.
 5. Life Sciences - The research of life, sometimes known as biology, is the subject of the
life sciences, which employ mechanics to ascertain how an organism moves based on a
close examination of its anatomy. Organs, bones, and muscles all applied forces to move
the body. People made an effort to comprehend the mechanics of solids in all land, sea,
and airborne creatures. Future applications in medicine and the biological sciences may
benefit from knowing the biomechanics of these species.

6. Hydraulics - Although hydraulics deals with man-made systems of pipes and channels
for the transportation of liquids like water, sewage, and drainage, it also makes use of
mechanics. Theoretical mechanics had a significant influence on hydraulics since it
demonstrated how streams will flow more constantly and effectively. Through its
theoretical application, hydraulics advances more effectively. Others use mechanics to
prevent issues with the mobility of the liquid, such as unexpected pressure and the
emergence of bubbles on their own as a result of negative pressure.

7. External Fluid Dynamics - The use of mechanics in this discipline, which deals with
how a solid body interacts with an outside fluid through which it flows, is crucial.
Examples of areas where mechanics is used include aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. It
is obvious that it makes it possible for ships to float, submarines to sink and float, and
airplanes to fly and land correctly. By applying the law of dynamics to labor, it
dramatically impacts and benefits transportation and vehicles.

TYPES OF FORCE SYSTEMS

Systems with several forces acting are known as force systems.
1. Collinear force -systems are those in which all forces act in the same direction along a single
axis. While an illustration, the game of tug is an example of a collinear force system since all
forces are acting in the same direction as two parties are tugging the rope's end.

2. Parallel force acts -at various spots on an object in the same or opposing directions. As an
illustration, when passengers start a bus by pushing it, they go in the opposite direction of those
getting off to get on. The forces that individuals produced are not static; they can move in either
the same direction or the other direction.
3. Coplanar force system: a form of force system in which a group of forces all act along the
same plane. For instance, all forces act on a weight hanging between two inclining threads since
the strings and weight are joined to form a single plane.
4.Non-Coplanar Force System: This sort of force system occurs when a group of forces' paths
of action do not all reside in the same plane. As an illustration, the loads transported through
columns to the rectangular mat foundation constitute a non-coplanar force system since the loads
are positioned in the columns' various planes.

5.Concurrent Force System: The point of concurrency is the location where the force passes
through when it is expanded. The line of actions of all forces must intersect at the point of
concurrency to constitute this form of force system, which may or may not be coplanar. elevating
the eye, as an example. Any cable's pulling forces must pass through the eye's center. The bolt
force must travel through the same center if there is just one eyebolt and the weight is hung.

6. Force systems that are non-concurrent do not meet at the point of concurrency. Additionally,
it could or might not be coplanar. For instance, a normal bridge uses a simply supported beam
model since it doesn't connect at a specific location as a concurrent force system does.
7. Coplanar and concurrent force system : All of the forces in a coplanar and
contemporaneous force system are in the same plane and meet at a single place.

8.coplanar and non-concurrent occur when forces are distributed throughout a single plane
rather than meeting at a single point.
9. Force systems that are contemporaneous and non-coplanar are those in which a single point
is traversed while the forces are located in a separate plane.

10 non-coplanar and non-concurrent force system. A sort of force system in which forces do
not lay in a single plane or travel through a single point