Professional Documents
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bionanotechnology
Intro
• Two of most promising technologies of future:
– Biotechnology: Use of living in the creation of wealth (products
or processes)
– Nanotechnology: creation, investigation and utilization of
systems that are 1000 times smaller than the components
currently used in the field of microelectronics.
• The interface of these two worlds lies Nanobiotechnology
– It uses nanotechnology to analyse and create biological
nanosystems
– It uses biological materials and structural plans to produce
technical, functional nanosystems
Intro • Functional biological assemblies are inspiration for
nanotechnological systems and devices
• Molecular recognition btw. building blocks self-assembly
formation of functional devices
• motors, pumps, cables, etc, all functioning at the nano-scale
What we should know and what are the
possibilities??
• Interaction between biological and non-biological devices???
– Interactions with biological as well as non-biological substrates
– Toxicity
– How does nature make use of adhesive and anti-adhesive interactions?
Examples:
a) Holliday junction
b) Assembly of gold nanoparticles
c) Immobilization of gold NP
d) PCR mediated introduction of new
fuctionalities to create DNA-
protein hybrids
e) Self-replication of connectivity
Inspired by Nature-1
Yusko, E.C et. al, Nature Nanotechnology, 6:253–260, 2011
• Understanding of self-assembly in
nature…
Cellular imaging
in Cell
Photo-thermal therapy
in Cell
MRI and Cell Tracking Anticancer therapy
Fate of cells in the implanted
area
in Cell
Nanotech in Drug Delivery
Modifications:
• Nonadhesive surface coatings
• Attachment of molecules for targetting
• Layer-by-layer methods: shown to regulate nanoparticle biodistribution:
cationic pegylated liposomes are preferantially uptaken by the liver and
tumor vessels in stead of spleen and blood accumulation
• Synthesis from amphiphilic polymers
Nano-Layered Microneedles for Transcutaneous Delivery of Polymer
Nanoparticles and Plasmid DNA
DeMuth et al, 2010, Advanced Materials
Solution??
• Programmed packaging
Targeted PLGA nano- but not microparticles specifically
deliver antigen to human dendritic cells via DC-SIGN in vitro
Cruz et al (2010), J. Cont. Rel.
Utilizing NSA:
(a) Tunable intracellular release from
NP–DNA ‘nanoplexes’
(b) Enhancing protein translation: In
vitro gene expression with DNA,
AuNP recruits mRNA and
translation related molecules into
its proximity
(c) Protein coronas induce a
biological response
Nanonetworks
Communication???
• Nanomechanical
• Acoustical
• Electromagnetic
• Chemical or Molecular
Short-range:
• Molecular motors
• Ca2+ signalling
Long-range:
• Pheromones