PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY

Department of Civil Engineering

Dynamics
(620212)
CHAPTER 13
KINETICS OF A PA RTICLE:
FORCE AND ACCELERATION
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Instructor:
Eng. Abdallah Odeibat
Civil Engineer, Structures , M.Sc.
 The motion of a particle is governed by Newton’s three
laws of motion.

 First Law: A particle originally at rest, or moving in a

straight line at constant velocity, will remain in this
state if the resultant force acting on the particle is zero.

 Second Law: If the resultant force on the particle is

not zero, the particle experiences an acceleration in the
same direction as the resultant force. This acceleration
has a magnitude proportional to the resultant force.

 Third Law: Mutual forces of action and reaction 2

between two particles are equal, opposite, and collinear.

 First Law

 Second Law.

 Third Law.
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NEWTON’S LAW OF
GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION
m1m2 GM
F G 2 W  mg, g  2
r R

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13.1 NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
 Kinetics is a branch of dynamics that deals with the
relationship between the change in motion of a body
and the forces that cause this change.

 If the mass of the particle is m, Newton's second law of

motion may be written in mathematical form as

 In the case of a particle located at or near the surface of

the earth, the only gravitational force having any
sizable magnitude is that between the earth and the
particle. This force is termed the "weight" and, for our
purpose, it will be the only gravitational force
considered.
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13.2 THE EQUATION OF MOTION

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 Inertial Reference Frame
When applying the equation of motion, it is important that
the acceleration of the particle be measured with respect
to a reference frame that is either fixed or translates with
a constant velocity. In this way, the observer will not
accelerate and measurements of the particle's acceleration
will be the same from any reference of this type. Such a
frame of reference is commonly known as a Newtonian or
inertial reference frame

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13.3 EQUATION OF MOTION FOR A SYSTEM OF
PARTICLES
 The equation of motion will now be extended to include
a system of particles isolated within an enclosed region
in space.

 As in statics, there are internal forces and external

forces acting on the system.

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13.4 EQUATIONS OF MOTION: RECTANGULAR
COORDINATES

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13.5 EQUATIONS OF MOTION: NORMAL AND
TANGENTIAL COORDINATES

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