Applied Mechanics

(Statics)
Prepared By
Prof. Dr. Raju Bhai Tyata

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1. Introduction
1.1 Definition & scope of mechanics, Engineering mechanics and
Static
1.2 Concept of particle, rigid body, deformed & fluid bodies
1.3 Equations of static equilibrium in 2D & 3D
1.4 Free body diagram ( Definition, importance & examples)
3hr

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1. Engineering Mechanics: Statics and
Dynamics (3th Edition): Irving H. Shames
2. Mechanics for Engineers-Statics and Dynamics F.P. Beer
and E. R. Johnston
3. Engineering Mechanics- Statics and Dynamics, R.C.
Hibbeler, Ashok Gupta
4. Applied Mechanics Dr. Rajan Suwal
5. Applied Mechanics Dr. Hari Ram Parajuli, Er. Sudan
Neupane
6. Applied Mechanics(Statics) Mahendra Raj Dhital
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 Mechanics

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 What is mechanics?
Mechanics is branch of physical science which deals with
the state of rest or motion of bodies under the action of
forces. It is divided into three parts:
1. Mechanics of Rigid body
2. Mechanics of Deformable bodies and
3. Mechanics of Fluids

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 Branch of engineering mechanics

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 Applied Mechanics

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 Applied Mechanics

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 Rigid-body Mechanics
Statics: deals with equilibrium of bodies under action of forces
(bodies may be either at rest or move with a constant velocity).

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Rigid-body Mechanics
• Dynamics: deals with motion of bodies (accelerated
motion)

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 Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts

Deformable or Elastic Bodies

A body is said to be deformable body if it deforms or
changes its shape and size when subjected to forces.

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 Scope of Applied mechanics?

Applied mechanics or Engineering Mechanics is a

branch of the physical sciences. It is a systematic study
of different laws and principles of mechanics along with
their practical applications to engineering problems.
Some problems of mechanical
systems include the flow of
a liquid under pressure, the
fracture of a solid from an
applied force, or the vibration
of an ear in response to sound.

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 Scope of applied mechanics
Applied mechanics, bridges the gap between
physical theory and its application to technology. It is used
in many fields of engineering, especially Civil engineering,
Mechanical engineering, Structural and Construction
engineering, Materials science and engineering, Chemical
engineering, Electrical engineering, Bio engineering,
Aerospace engineering. .

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 Scope of applied mechanics
Much of modern engineering mechanics is based on
Isaac Newton's laws of motion while the modern practice
of their application can be traced back to Stephen P.
Timoshenko, who is said to be the father of modern
engineering mechanics.
.

He became a faculty professor in

the University of Michigan where he
created the first bachelor's
and doctoral programs in
engineering mechanics.

STEPHEN PROKOPOVYCH TIMOSHENKO (1878-1972)

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 Scope of applied mechanics
Within the theoretical sciences, applied mechanics is useful
in formulating new ideas and theories, discovering and
interpreting phenomena, and developing experimental and
computational tools.
The knowledge of applied mechanics is very useful to
enhance the knowledge in other subjects such as strength of
material, theory of structure, machine design, hydrostatics
and hydrodynamics etc.
It is important for design and analysis of many structural
members, mechanical components and electrical devices
encountered in engineering.
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 Scope of applied mechanics
The principles of mechanics are central to research and
development in the fields of vibrations, stability and
strength of structures and machines, robotics, rocket and
spacecraft design, automatic control, engine performance,
fluid flow, electrical machines and apparatus, and
molecular, atomic, and subatomic behavior.

Mechanics is the oldest of the physical sciences. The

early history of this subject is synonymous with the very
beginnings of engineering.

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 Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
Length: needed to locate position of a point in space, &
describe size of the physical system Distances, Geometric
Properties
Time: measure of succession of events basic quantity in
Dynamics
Mass: quantity of matter in a body measure of inertia of a
body (its resistance to change in velocity)
Force: considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one
body on another. It represents the action of one body on
another characterized by its magnitude, direction of its
action, and its point of application. Force is a Vector
quantity.
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 Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
Newtonian Mechanics
Length, Time, and Mass are absolute concepts
independent of each other.

Force is a derived concept

not independent of the other fundamental concepts.

Force acting on a body is related to the mass of the body

and the variation of its velocity with time.

Force can also occur between bodies that are physically

separated (Ex: gravitational, electrical, and magnetic
forces)
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 Remember:
•Mass is a property of matter that does not change
from one location to another.

•Weight refers to the gravitational attraction of the

earth on a body or quantity of mass. Its magnitude
depends upon the elevation at which the mass is
located

•Weight of a body is the gravitational force acting on

it.
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 Mechanics: Idealizations

To simplify application of the theory

Particle: A body with mass but with dimensions that

can be neglected

Size of earth is insignificant

compared to the size of its
orbit. Earth can be modeled
as a particle when studying its
orbital motion

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Rigid Body: A combination of large number of particles
in which all particles remain at a fixed distance
(practically) from one another before and after applying
a load.

Material properties of a rigid body are not required to be

considered when analyzing the forces acting on the
body.

In most cases, actual deformations occurring in

structures, machines, mechanisms, etc. are relatively
small, and rigid body assumption is suitable for analysis
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 • Concentrated Force: Effect of a loading which is
assumed to act at a point (CG) on a body.

• Provided the area over which the load is applied is

very small compared to the overall size of the body.

Ex: Contact Force

between a wheel
and ground.

40 kN 160 kN
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Fundamental Concept and Principles of
Mechanics: Newtonian Mechanics
First Law: A particle originally at rest, or moving in a
straight line with constant velocity, tends to remain in
this state provided the particle is not subjected to an
unbalanced force.

First law contains the principle of the equilibrium of

forces main topic of concern in Statics
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Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

Second Law: A particle of mass “m” acted upon by an

unbalanced force “F” experiences an acceleration “a”
that has the same direction as the force and a magnitude
that is directly proportional to the force.

F = ma

Second Law forms the basis for most of the analysis in

Dynamics.
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Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Third Law: The mutual forces of action and reaction
between two particles are equal, opposite, and collinear.

Third law is basic to our understanding of Force Forces

always occur in pairs of equal and opposite forces.

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 Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction

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 Weight of a Body:
If a particle is located at or near the surface of the earth, the
only significant gravitational force is that between the earth
and the particle

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 1. What is Mechanics? How can you categorized it?
2. What do you meant by Engineering Mechanics?
What is the importance of this subject for the
engineering field?
3. Define rigid, deformed and fluid bodies.
4. Define Statics. How it is different from
Dynamics?
5. Define Newton’s laws of motion. Interpret it.

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