คู่มือประกอบการอบรม Ubuntu Administrator PDF

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50%
Server
Ubuntu Administrator
Ubuntu
Server

Ubuntu Server Text Mode

Text Mode
Server
(www.lanna-oss.org) 08-7185-0920
3/37
ubuntu
Ubuntu Server
6
10
command line
23
shell script
35
vi
34
37
4/37

Mac

GUI Graphics User Interface
mouse

Unix
(Linus Benedict
Torvalds) Unix

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds)
(Richard Matthew Stallman) GNU

copy left copy right

Driver
Printer
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman)
5/37
(Mark Shuttleworth)

(Canonical)

I am what I am because of who we
all are.
(http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu)

Server
50% Server
Serve
Ubuntu Linux Ubuntu
Ubuntu Desktop Ubuntu Server

Ubuntu
help.ubuntu.com
6/37
Hardware
Hardware

Hardware Kernel
(Application)(Hardware)
Kernel
www.kernel.org
shell x-windows
shell x-windows x-windows

Gnome(www.gnome.org) Ubuntu
Application
Application
7/37
FAT , FAT32, NTFS EXT2 , EXT3,

EXT4

Unix
DOS
1.
(File Name) Case Sensitive

Mydata mydata

Case Sensitive copy
FAT32 NTFS

External drive
copy
copy
FAT32 NTFS
2. (Permission)
DOS

FAT32 NTFS
(Read only) (Hidden File)
8/37
Unix

(Multi User)

(Owner)
(Group)

Other
read
write
execution (run program)

9/37
ls -l

ls -l ternmal
ouychai@ouychai-desktop:~/C$ ls -l
total 44
-rw-r--r-- 1 ouychai ouychai 864 2009-12-13 10:29 myfirsttime.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 ouychai ouychai
0 2009-12-13 10:29 myfirsttime.c~
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ouychai ouychai 8260 2010-01-15 06:47 test2
88 2010-01-15 06:46 test2.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 ouychai ouychai 209 2010-01-15 06:45 test2.c~
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ouychai ouychai 8260 2010-01-15 06:47 test3
84 2010-01-15 06:47 test3.c
84 2010-01-15 06:46 test3.c~
ouychai@ouychai-desktop:~/C$
ouychai ouychai
ouychai ouychai
permission

(permission)
drwxrwxrwx
d Directory Directory
r Read
w Write
x Execution
-
10/37
Ubuntu Server
ubuntu Server BIOS boot CD
ROM boot
1
English
11/37
2 Install
Ubuntu Server Enter
12/37
Asia
Other
13/37
5
Asia
14/37
7
Keyboard Layout
No
8
USA
15/37
9
keyboard USA
10
IP DHCP
16/37
11
hostname
12
Domain name
17/37
13
Disk Guided use entire disk

and set up LVM
14
Yes
LVM
18/37
15
Harddisk Continue
16
Yes
19/37
17

login
18

20/37
19
folder home
No
19
proxy
21/37
20
Install security updates
automatically
21
Server package
22/37
22

CD
Continue

23/37
command line
command line Ubuntu Server
login command line command line

Unix Case sensitive
case sentsitive
command <paramter1> <parameter2> .....

ls
( dir DOS) list
ls [option] [file]
option
ls
-l Long Format Permission

-a
-F / Directory * execute
ls l ls -al ls -F
adduser
User Unix,Linux
adduser -g (group) -d (Directory) (User)
adduser -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root

useradd
User Unix,Linux ( adduser)
useradd -g (group) -d (Directory) (User)
useradd -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root

userdel
User Unix,Linux
userdel [option] (Username)
24/37
userdel -r root user1 User Login User1 -r Home Directory User1
passwd
User Unix,Linux
passwd [Username]
passwd user1 ( User1 User Unix

Login )
alias
Unix,Linux ( SET DOS RUN )

alias [=]
alias copy=cp copy cp

bash
Bourne again shell Unix,Linux
bash
bash [Enter] ( Bourne again shell)

bc
Unix,Linux
bc [-lwsqv] [option] [file]
bc [Enter] 1+2 [Enter] 1^2 [Enter] a=3 [Enter] b=4 [Enter] a*b [Enter] x=2;y=5;x+y[Enter] [Ctrl-d]
: Install Packet
cp
( copy DOS) copy
cp source target
#cp test.txt /home/user1

cal
Unix,Linux
cal
25/37
cal [Enter]( )
cal -y [Enter]( )
cat
File Unix,Linux ( Type DOS)

cat
cat /home/user1 | more /home/user1

C Compiler
Compile C Unix,Linux ( Type DOS)
cc [filename]
cc /home/user1/industry.c Compile C
industry.c Directory /home/user1
cd
Change Directory Unix,Linux ( CD DOS)

cd [directory]
cd /etc [Enter] Directory etc

cd ..[Enter] Directory 1
chfin
Change your finger information Unix,Linux ( User

)
chfn [username]
chfn User1 User1
chgrp
Change Group Unix,Linux ( )

chgrp [-chfRv] (Group) (File)
chgrp root /root/* Group /root Group root

chmod
Change Mode Unix,Linux ( )
26/37
chmod [] (File)

test chmod 754 test chmod go +r-w test chmod o-r
*
Mode rwx = 7 ; rw - =6 ; r-x =5 ; r- - = 4 ; - wx = 3 ; - w - = 2 ; - - x = 1 ; - - = 0

2
1.
2. 2 (1 )
User Group Other = ugo go-r-w+x Run
-rwx rwx rwx = Read Write Execute
111 101 100 = 754 Group Execute
chown
Change Owner Unix,Linux ( )
chown [] ( File)
chown user1 filename

filename User1
chown -R user1.root dirname Sub dirname.

chsh
chsh Unix,Linux ( Shell User)
chsh [Username]
chsh user1 [Enter] /bin/bash [Enter]

clear
clear Unix,Linux ( cls dos)

clear
clear [Enter]
cal
Unix,Linux
cal
cal [Enter]( )
27/37
cal -y [Enter]( )
mesg
mesg status terminal
mesg y terminal
mesg n terminal
date

date 17 May 2004
df
df Unix,Linux (
)
df [option] [file]
df [Enter]
dmesg
dmesg Unix,Linux ( Boot)
dmesg
dmesg | more [Enter]
Linux Driver CD-Rom

echo
echo Unix,Linux ( ECHO DOS)
echo ()
echo my name is user1
echo Hello > /dev/tty2 Hello 2

ed
ed Unix,Linux ( Text file edlin DOS)
ed (fileName)
ed /home/user/test ( q)
28/37
pico vi emacs
emacs
emacs Unix,Linux ( Text file )
emacs (fileName)
emacs /home/user/test (help Ctrl - h ; Ctrl - x Ctrl - c)

exit
exit Unix,Linux ( )
exit
exit
finger
finger Unix,Linux ( User Login Who )
finger [username]
finger user1 user1

fsck
fsck Unix,Linux ( Linux file system

Scandisk Dos)
fsck [option]
/sbin/fsck -a /dev/hd1
ftp
ftp Unix,Linux ( - )
ftp (IP or Name of FTP Server )
ftp 132.209.1.2 [Enter]
Login:anonymous , Password: Username@YourDomain.com

ls - ; pwd -dir. ;cd - dir ;lcd - local dir ;mput* - ;mget
;bye -
29/37
grep
grep Unix,Linux ( )
grep (option)
grep -i ftp /etc/test "ftp"- /etc/test

groupadd
groupadd Unix,Linux ( User)
groupadd (GroupName )
#groupadd staff User Staff

groupdel
groupdel Unix,Linux ( User)

groupadd (GroupName )
#groupdel staff User Staff

gzip/gunzip
gzip/gunzip Unix,Linux ( )
gzip gunzip (-cdfhlLnNrtv19 ) [file]
#gzip -9vr /home/samba/* Sub /home/samba .gz

#gunzip -dvr /home/samba/*
.gz Sub /home/samba
halt
halt Unix,Linux ( )
halt [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-I] [-p]
#halt
Shutdown ; init0 , reboot

history
history Unix,Linux ( Command line
F7 DOS Dos key)
history [n] [-r wan [filename] ]
30/37
#history 20 20
ifconfig
history Unix,Linux ( Network Lan Card)
ifconfig [option]
#ifconfig
ipchains
ipchains Unix,Linux ( Firewall)

ipchains [parameter] command [option]
#ipchains -L Set IPchains
jobs
jobs Unix,Linux ( Firewall)
jobs
#sleep 20 & jobs

kill
kill Unix,Linux ( Process)

kill [option] (process ID)
ps -A PID Process
Kill -9
login
login nnn nnn PID -9

Unix,Linux ( User Login) login [fp] (UserName)
#login:root
mkdir
directory ( dos) make directory
mkdir mkdir [option] [file]
option mkdir
31/37
-m Permissioin ( chmod )
-p Parent Directory
directory relative
absolute path
mkdir /home
mkdir -p -m755 ~/home/user1
mv
Directory ( dos)
move
mv source target
mv *.tar /backup
mv test.txt old.txt
mv bin oldbin
more
cat more

more file
more
=

h help
more test.txt
man
man Unix,Linux ( )
man (Command)
#man ls
q ;-b|-k|-m]
option free
32/37
-b byte
-k kilobyte
-m megabyte
free free b free -k
pwd
Directory ( cd DOS) print work

directory
/ pwd
uname
OS cpu
uname -a
hostname

hostname
tty
terminal
tty
id
id
http://forum.ubuntuclub.com/forum?topic=14294.15
33/37

3
- apt-get
apt-get package
sudo apt-get install

sudo apt-get remove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

- aptitude
aptitude apt-get aptitude
upgrade kernel
- compile
compile compile

tar -zxvf .tar.gz
cd
./configure
make
sudo make install
34/37
VI
Editor edit DOS
CW , RW word processor editor help
vi
vi editor classics pico nano
$vi myfile.txt
i
myfile.txt esc command mode
:w

vi
:q
vi
:q!
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VimHowto
35/37
shell script
command line command line

command line
shell script
DOS Bat File (.BAT)
shell Ubuntu Server
shell script
shell script vi editor

$vi myscript.sh

#!/bin/sh
echo This is my shell script.

ls -l
$./myscript.sh shell shell
# #!/bin/sh
shell sh
shell script
shell script vi editor
!/bin/sh
if [ $# = 0 ]
then echo " Do nothing. "

exit
elif [ $1 = 'died' ]
then echo "I will destroy everything"
36/37
elif [ $1 = 'leaving' ]
then echo "I will leaving."
else echo " I don't understand ".

fi
echo "finish command."
shell script
shell script
$./myscript.sh leaving I will leaving
37/37
. Ubuntu. 1. :
, 2551
. Red Hat Linux. :
. Linux Admin. :,2544.

. . Ubuntu Linux Server 2. Bandhit Press 2553.
. Ubuntu + Perl.
1. : , 2552

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()

Ubuntu Server Text Mode

(Richard Matthew Stallman) GNU

Ubuntu Linux Ubuntu

Ubuntu Desktop Ubuntu Server

shell x-windows x-windows

FAT , FAT32, NTFS EXT2 , EXT3,

Case Sensitive copy

Disk Guided use entire disk

Install security updates

Unix Case sensitive

-l Long Format Permission

adduser -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root

useradd -g root -d /home/user1 user User Login user1 root

passwd user1 ( User1 User Unix

Unix,Linux ( SET DOS RUN )

alias copy=cp copy cp

bash [Enter] ( Bourne again shell)

#cp test.txt /home/user1

File Unix,Linux ( Type DOS)

cat /home/user1 | more /home/user1

Change Directory Unix,Linux ( CD DOS)

cd /etc [Enter] Directory etc

Change your finger information Unix,Linux ( User

Change Group Unix,Linux ( )

chgrp root /root/* Group /root Group root

Mode rwx = 7 ; rw - =6 ; r-x =5 ; r- - = 4 ; - wx = 3 ; - w - = 2 ; - - x = 1 ; - - = 0

-rwx rwx rwx = Read Write Execute

111 101 100 = 754 Group Execute

chown user1 filename

chown -R user1.root dirname Sub dirname.

chsh user1 [Enter] /bin/bash [Enter]

clear Unix,Linux ( cls dos)

dmesg | more [Enter]

Linux Driver CD-Rom

echo Hello > /dev/tty2 Hello 2

emacs /home/user/test (help Ctrl - h ; Ctrl - x Ctrl - c)

finger user1 user1

fsck Unix,Linux ( Linux file system

Login:anonymous , Password: Username@YourDomain.com

grep -i ftp /etc/test "ftp"- /etc/test

#groupadd staff User Staff

groupdel Unix,Linux ( User)

#groupdel staff User Staff

#gzip -9vr /home/samba/* Sub /home/samba .gz

Shutdown ; init0 , reboot

history [n] [-r wan [filename] ]

ipchains Unix,Linux ( Firewall)

#sleep 20 & jobs

kill Unix,Linux ( Process)

login nnn nnn PID -9

Directory ( cd DOS) print work

sudo apt-get install

sudo apt-get upgrade

aptitude apt-get aptitude

sudo make install

vi editor classics pico nano

shell Ubuntu Server

shell script vi editor

echo This is my shell script.

then echo " Do nothing. "

else echo " I don't understand ".

echo "finish command."