Chapter1 Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

True/False
1) Projects,ratherthanrepetitivetasks,arenowthebasisformostvalue - addedinbusiness. Answer: TRUE
Diff:1 Section:Introduction Keywords:projects,tasks,value -added

2) Projectshaveaprocessorientation. Answer: FALSE

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:projects,tasks,value -added

3) Atypicalprojectstayswithinfunctionalandorganizationalboundaries. Answer: FALSE

Diff:1 Section:GeneralProjectCharacteristics Keywords:project,functional,organizational,boundaries

4) Thespecialnatureofprojectsrelievesprojectmanagersfromtheirroutineofplanning, organizing,motivating,directingandcontrolling. Answer: FALSE

Diff:2 Section:GeneralProjectCharacteristics Keywords:project,planning,organizing,controlling,management

5) Aprojectexistsoutsideofthestandardlineorganization. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:GeneralProjectCharacteristics Keywords:project,line,organization,process

6) Theinitialgoalandtechnicalspecificationsoftheprojectaredevelopedduringtheplanning stage. Answer: FALSE

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:project,life,cycle,stage,planning

Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

7) Clientinterestinaprojectishighestduringtheterminationandconceptualphases. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:project,life,cycle,stage,conceptual,termination,client

8) Theclassictripleconstraintstandardforprojectperformanceiscomposedoftime,cost,and clientacceptance. Answer: FALSE

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:project,time,cost,clientacceptance

9) Thebusinesssuccessdimensionofprojectsuccessdetermineswhethertheprojectachieved significantcommercialsuccess. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:business,success,dimensions

10) TheAtkinsonmodelforassessingprojectsuccessgathersinputfromalloftheprojects stakeholders. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,Atkinson,stakeholder

11) Theuseofbenchmarkingallowscompaniesthatarerelativelyimmatureatproject managementtoachievequantumleapsofimprovement. Answer: FALSE

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:management,maturity,benchmarking

12) Mosteffectiveprojectmaturitymodelschartbothasetofstandardsthatarecurrentlyaccepted asstate- of- the- artaswellasaprocessforachievingsignificantmovementtowardsthese benchmarks. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:management,maturity,standards,process

Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

13) Acmeusesnorecognizableprojectmanagementprocessesandhasentertainingproject meetingsbecauseeachmemberhasauniquewayofreportingprogressorlackthereof.Acme ismostlikelyatthemoderatelevelinthegenericprojectmanagementmaturitymodel. Answer: FALSE

Diff:1 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:management,maturity,model,moderate

14) Anyorganization,nomatterhowinitiallyunskilledinprojectmanagement,canbegintochart acoursetowardthetypeofprojectorganizationtheywishtobecome. Answer: TRUE

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:management,maturity,model

15) Acompanysculturehaslittleimpactonwhetherprojectsaresuccessfullyimplemented. Answer: FALSE

Diff:1 Section:ProjectElementsandTextOrganization Keywords:culture,implementation

FillintheBlank
16) A(n)________referstoongoing,day - to- dayactivitiesinwhichanorganizationengageswhile producinggoodsandservices. Answer: process
Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:process,ongoing

17) Thegoalsofaprojectaresometimescalled________. Answer: deliverables

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,goal,deliverable

18) Projectsare________focused. Answer: customer

Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,customer,focus

Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

19) Projectmanagemententailscrossing________boundaries. Answer: functionalandorganizational

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:functional,organizational,boundaries

20) Ingeneral,productlifecyclesarebecoming________andproductlaunchwindowsare becoming________. Answer: shorter,narrower

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:life,cycle,launch,product

21) ________servesasanexcellenttraininggroundforfutureseniorexecutivesinmost organizations. Answer: Projectmanagement

Diff:2 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:project,management,senior,executives

22) Thestagesinaprojectsdevelopmentareknownasa(n)________. Answer: projectlifecycle

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project

23) Detailedspecifications,schematics,andschedulesarealldevelopedduringthe________stage. Answer: planning

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,planning,stage

24) Creativityisatitszenithduringthe________stageoftheprojectlifecycle. Answer: execution

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,execution

25) Thedegreeofriskassociatedwiththeprojectisatithighestduringthe________stage. Answer: conceptualization

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,conceptualization

Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

26) Thetripleconstraintofprojectsuccessis________. Answer: time,cost,performance

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,time,cost,performance,triple,constraint

27) Atkinsonsuggeststhatallgroupsthatareaffectedbyaproject,otherwiseknownas________, shouldhaveahandassessingprojectsuccess. Answer: stakeholders

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:stakeholders,success,Atkinson

28) ________areusedtoalloworganizationstobenchmarkthebestpracticesofsuccessfulproject managementfirms. Answer: Projectmanagementmaturitymodels

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:benchmarking,maturity,model

29) TheCenterforBusinessPracticesmaturitymodelstagethatdescribesprojectmanagementas anadhocprocessis________. Answer: Level1orInitialProcess

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:maturity,model,adhoc,initial,process

30) Ingeneral,allprojectmanagementmaturitymodelsagreethatanorganizationthathas internalizedallnecessaryprojectmanagementprinciplesandisactivelyseekingtomove beyondtheseininnovativewaysis________. Answer: (project)mature

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:project,management,maturity,mature

Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

MultipleChoice
31) Whichofthefollowingtypesofactivitiesismorecloselyassociatedwithprojectsratherthan processes? A) anactivitythatisongoing B) anactivitythatisday - to- day C) anactivitythatusesexistingsystems D) anactivitythatestablishesitsownworkrules Answer: D
Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,process

32) Whichofthefollowingisaccomplishedthroughprojectmanagement? A) Acellularphonecompanyactivatesanewcustomersservice. B) Anautomotivemanufacturerproducesadaysquotaofvehicles. C) Asoftwaredevelopercreatesanewcrash - proofoperatingsystem. D) Aretailerrestockstheshelvesafteradayofbrisksales. Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,process

33) Aprojecttypicallyhas: A) adefinedstartandenddate. B) adefinedstartdatebutnodefinedenddate. C) nodefinedstartbutadefinedenddate. D) nodefinedstartorenddate. Answer: A

Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,start,end

Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

34) TheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledgeGuidedefinitionofaprojectindicatesthata projectis: A) multifunctional. B) temporary. C) designedtoconsumehumanresources. D) limitedbyabudget. Answer: B

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:PMI,PMBoK,project,definition

35) Projectmembersmaybefrom: A) differentdepartments. B) otherorganizationalunits. C) onefunctionalarea. D) alloftheabove. Answer: D

Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:team,member,department,functionalarea

36) Thereisnosuchthingasaprojectteam: A) withadeliverable. B) withanongoing,nonspecificpurpose. C) withagoal. D) withaprojectmanager. Answer: B

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:deliverable,goal,purpose

37) Aprojectthatresultsindoingthewrongthingswellhasignoredthe: A) budgetarygoal. B) technicalgoal. C) customersatisfactiongoal. D) schedulinggoal. Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:customer,satisfaction

Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

38) Whichoftheseisnot characteristicofaproject? A) Projectsareresponsibleforthenewestandmostimprovedproducts,services,and organizationalprocesses. B) Projectsareadhocendeavorswithaclearlifecycle. C) Projectsprovideaphilosophyandstrategyforthemanagementofchange. D) Traditionalprocessmanagementfunctionsofplanning,organizing,andcontrollingdo notapplytoprojectmanagement. Answer: D
Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:planning,organizing,controlling

39) Whichofthefollowingis not aprojectconstraint? A) thebudget B) thecustomerrequirements C) theschedule D) thetechnicalspecifications Answer: B

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:constraint,customer,requirements

40) Projectsdifferfromclassicorganizationalprocessesbecauseprojectsare: A) discreteactivities. B) partoflineorganization. C) wellestablishedsystemsinplacetointegrateefforts. D) multi- objective. Answer: A

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,discrete

41) Processmanagementfeatures________withrespecttoprojectmanagement. A) greaterheterogeneity B) greatercertaintyofperformance C) greaternumbersofgoalsandobjectives D) loweradherencetoestablishedpractices Answer: B

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:process,certainty

Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

42) StudiesofITprojectsrevealthat: A) initialcostestimatesareoverrunbyanaverageof15%. B) over66%ofITprojectsweredeliveredtocustomersbutnotused. C) about25%ofallITprojectsbecomerunawaysbyovershootingbudgetsandtimetables. D) upto75%ofsoftwareprojectsarecancelled. Answer: D

Diff:3 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:success,IT,project,software

43) Abusinessrealitythatmakeseffectiveprojectmanagementcriticalisthefactthat: A) productsarebecomingincreasinglysimple. B) inflationisrampant. C) productlifecyclesarecompressing. D) productlaunchwindowsarewidening. Answer: C

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:product,life,cycle

44) Aproductisintroducedintoamarket,gainstheacceptanceofaficklepublic,andfinallyis supplantedbyanewandimprovedoffering.Thisphenomenonisknownas: A) theproductlifecycle. B) theruleof80. C) theMendozaline. D) thebeta. Answer: A

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:product,life,cycle

45) Lowinflationisatriggerforimprovedprojectmanagementskillsbecause: A) rampantcostincreasesmustbepassedalongtotheconsumer. B) internalprocessimprovementisaccomplishedviaprojectmanagement. C) lowerinflationmeansnarrowerproductlaunchwindows. D) globalmarketsareaprerequisiteforlowinflation. Answer: B

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:process,improvement,inflation

Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

46) Thetechnicalsideofprojectmanagementemphasizes: A) teambuilding. B) conflictmanagement. C) negotiation. D) budgeting. Answer: D

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:technical,budget

47) Thebehavioralsideofprojectmanagementemphasizes: A) scheduling. B) leadership. C) planning. D) projectselection. Answer: B

Diff:1 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:behavioral,leadership,people

48) Geoffcosprojectmanagernamesthreeindividualsandrequestsaprojectbudgetof$3,000,000 forthenew8 - Pod,abackpack - sizedpersonalmusicplayerfor8 - tracktapescapableof holdingupto100songsfromthe60sand70s.Thisimportantsteptakesplaceduring________ oftheprojectlifecycle. A) planning B) conceptualization C) execution D) termination Answer: B
Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,conceptualization

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

49) Individualactivitiesandtheirdurationsaredevelopedduringthe: A) planningphaseoftheprojectlifecycle. B) conceptualizationphaseoftheprojectlifecycle. C) executionphaseoftheprojectlifecycle. D) terminationphaseoftheprojectlifecycle. Answer: A

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,planning

50) KeithMonroenailshundredsofpiecesofculledlumberintheblazingJulysuntoforma parquetdeckforhisbarnroof.Heandhisassistantareclearlyin: A) theterminationstageoftheprojectlifecycle. B) theplanningstageoftheprojectlifecycle. C) theexecutionstageoftheprojectlifecycle. D) wayovertheirheads. Answer: C

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,execution

51) TheMBAredesigncommitteepresentstheresultsoftheirfive - yearprojecttotheirbemused Dean.Theyhopeitisnotjustwishfulthinkingthattheyareinthe: A) planningphase. B) conceptualizationphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: D

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,termination

52) Clientinterestistypicallyatitslowestduringthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: C

Diff:3 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,execution,client,interest

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

53) Thedegreeofinnovationandcreativityistypicallyatitshighestduringthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,execution,creativity

54) Theamountofcorporateinvestmentistypicallyatitslowestinthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: A

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,conceptualization,investment,stake

55) Theamountofcorporateinvestmentistypicallyatitshighestinthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: D

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,termination,stake,investment

56) Thedegreeofriskassociatedwiththeprojectistypicallyatitshighestduringthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: A

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,risk,uncertainty,

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

57) Thetechnicalchallengesthattheprojecthastofacearetypicallyattheirlowestduringthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: D

Diff:1 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,project,termination

58) Thecommitmentoffinancial,human,andtechnicalresourcesishighestduringthe: A) conceptualizationphase. B) planningphase. C) executionphase. D) terminationphase. Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:life,cycle,execution,resources

59) Themostrecentadditiontothefourcriteriaofprojectsuccessis: A) time. B) cost. C) performance. D) clientacceptance. Answer: D

Diff:1 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:client,acceptance,success,criteria

60) Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutprojectsuccesscriteriaisbest? A) Projectcostisanexternalperformancemeasure. B) Completiontimeisaninternalperformancemeasure. C) Clientacceptanceisaninternalperformancemeasure. D) Clientacceptanceisoftenreferredtoasconductingaqualitycheck. Answer: B

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:client,acceptance,internal,external

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

61) Adesignprojectiscompletedontime,underbudget,tothecustomerssatisfactionandin adherencetothetechnicalspecificationsagreed.Thenewproducttakesthemarketbystorm andeveryoneassociatedwiththeprojectreceivesacovetedgoldstar.Underthefour dimensionsofprojectsuccessmodel,theprojectstillneedstoshow: A) futurepotential. B) businesssuccess. C) impactonthecustomer. D) efficiency. Answer: A
Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,dimension,future,potential

62) Thedimensionofprojectsuccessthatisrealizedfirstis: A) futurepotential. B) businesssuccess. C) impactonthecustomer. D) efficiency. Answer: D

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,dimension,efficiency

63) Thedimensionofprojectsuccessthatisrealizedlastis: A) futurepotential. B) businesssuccess. C) impactonthecustomer. D) efficiency. Answer: A

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,dimension,future,potential

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

64) Thedimensionofprojectsuccessthatismeasuredbybothaninternalandexternalcriterionis: A) futurepotential. B) businesssuccess. C) impactonthecustomer. D) efficiency. Answer: C

Diff:3 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,dimension,customer,impact

65) IntheAtkinsonmodelofprojectsuccess,aprojectsimpacttothesurroundingcommunity wouldbeclassifiedas: A) anelementoftheirontriangle. B) astakeholderbenefit. C) anorganizationalbenefit. D) astrategicgoal. Answer: B

Diff:3 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:success,Atkinson,stakeholder

66) ABCcompanycomparesthewaytheymanageprojectswiththewayrivalNBCcompany managesprojects.ABCcompanyisengagedin: A) corporateespionage. B) ringlevel0. C) competitivebenchmarking. D) cuttingedgepractices. Answer: C

Diff:1 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:benchmarking,maturity

67) Projectmanagementmaturitymodelsarenotusedto: A) comparepracticesagainstanindustrystandard. B) defineasystematicrouteforimprovingprojectmanagementpractices. C) evaluatecurrentprojectmanagementpractices. D) ascertainallstakeholdersrelevanttoaprojectintheconceptualizationphase. Answer: D

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:benchmarking,maturity,project,management

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

68) Aspiderwebdiagramisusefulfor: A) showingcompanyperformanceonanumberofcriteriasimultaneously. B) collectingdataonhowacompetitormanagesprojects. C) identifyingindustrystandardsforprojectmanagementmaturity. D) coaching,evaluating,andauditingprojects. Answer: A

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:spider,web,diagram

69) TheprojectmaturitymodeldevelopedbytheCenterforBusinessPracticeswouldhave ________ringsifaspiderwebdiagramwereused. A) three B) four C) five D) six Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:spider,web,diagram,maturity

70) ThemostbasiclevelinKerznersprojectmanagementmaturitymodelis: A) commonlanguage. B) commonprocesses. C) initialprocess. D) adhoc. Answer: A

Diff:3 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:Kerzner,project,management,maturity

71) CarnegieMellonsSEImodel,ESIInternationalsprojectframeworkandtheCenterfor BusinessPracticesallcalltheirhighestlevelofmaturity: A) continuousimprovement. B) optimizing. C) ganbei. D) comprehensive. Answer: B

Diff:3 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:project,management,maturity,optimizing

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

72) Theauthorssynthesisofallwell- knownmaturitymodelsstatesthatmoderateproject managementmaturityischaracterizedby: A) adhocprocesses. B) littlesupportfromuppermanagement. C) projectmanagementtrainingprograms. D) activeexplorationofwaystoimproveprojectmanagement. Answer: C

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:management,maturity,training,moderate

73) WhichstatementregardingtheProjectManagementInstitutesProjectManagementBodyof Knowledge(PMBoK)isbest? A) ThePMBoKconsistsofsevenknowledgeareasofprojectmanagementskillsand activities. B) Eachelementoftheirontriangleisrepresentedbyitsownarea. C) Projectriskmanagementispartoftheintegrationsection. D) Theinstitutespositionthataproperlyplannedprojectwillnotrequireanychanges precludestheneedforchangecontrolinthemodel. Answer: B
Diff:2 Section:ProjectElementsandTextOrganization Keywords:management,body,knowledge,institute,project

ShortAnswer
74) Whatisaproject? Answer: Theauthoroffersanumberofdefinitions,includingtheProjectManagementInstitutes statementatemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproductorservice.A synthesisofthedefinitionsofferedmightbethatprojectsarecustomer - focused, complex,one- timeprocesseslimitedbybudget,scheduleandresourcesthatare developedtoresolveacleargoalorsetofgoals.
Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

75) Whatarekeydifferencesbetweenprojectsandprocesses? Answer: Aprocessreferstoongoing,day- to- dayactivitiesinwhichanorganizationengages whileproducinggoodsandservices.Processesuseexistingsystems,properties,and capabilitiesinacontinuous,fairlyrepetitivemanner.Projectstakeplaceoutsidethe normal,process- orientedworldofthefirmandprojectmanagementactivitiesremain uniqueandseparatefromthemannerinwhichprocess - orientedworkisperformed. Differencesarelistedinthetablereproducedbelow. Process Repeatprocessofproduct Severalobjectives Ongoing Peoplearehomogeneous Wellestablishedsystemsinplaceto integrateefforts Greatercertaintyofperformance,cost, schedule Partoflineorganization Bastionsofestablishedpractice
Diff:1 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,process

Project Newprocessorproduct Oneobjective Oneshotlimitedlife Moreheterogeneous Systemsmustbecreatedtointegrate efforts Greateruncertaintyofperformance, cost,schedule Outsideoflineorganization Violatesestablishedpractice

76) Whatrolesdotraditionalprocessmanagementdutiesofplanning,organizing,andcontrolling playinprojectmanagement,ifany? Answer: Thetraditionalmanagerialdutiesofplanning,organizing,andcontrollingallapplyto projectmanagement.Projectmanagersmustbetechnicallywellversed,proficientat administrativefunctions,willingandabletoassumeleadershiproles,andabove - all, goaloriented.Theprojectmanageristhepersonmostresponsibleforkeepingtrackof thebigpicture.
Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,planning,organizing,controlling

77) Whyisprojectmanagementchallenging? Answer: Projectspresentchallengesforanumberofreasons;bytheirnaturetheyareoften dramaticdeparturesfromtheroutineprocess - orientedworkthatemployeesare accustomedto.Projectsfacebudget,time,andresourceconstraintsandtheseresources mustoftenbemarshaledfromacrosstheorganization.

Diff:2 Section:WhatisaProject? Keywords:project,management,characteristics

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

78) Whyareprojectsimportant? Answer: Todaysbusinessfaceasetofpressuresthatmakeprojectscrucialinhelpingan organizationachieveitsstrategicgoals.Thesepressuresincludeshortenedproductlife cycles,narrowproductlaunchwindows,increasinglycomplexandtechnicalproducts, theemergenceofglobalmarkets,andaneconomicperiodmarkedbylowinflation.

Diff:2 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:project,importance,global,inflation

79) Whatchangesinthebusinessenvironmenthavenecessitatedagreateruseofproject managementskills? Answer: Todaysbusinessfaceasetofpressuresthatmakeprojectscrucialinhelpingan organizationachieveitsstrategicgoals.Thesepressuresincludeshortenedproductlife cycles,narrowproductlaunchwindows,increasinglycomplexandtechnicalproducts, theemergenceofglobalmarkets,andaneconomicperiodmarkedbylowinflation.

Diff:2 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:project,importance,global,inflation

80) Whyisprojectmanagementconsideredanexcellenttraininggroundforfuturesenior executivesinmanyorganizations? Answer: Oneoftheuniqueaspectsofprojectsistheiruniqueblendoftechnicalandbehavioral challenges.Thetechnicalsideofprojectmanagementrequiresmanagerstobecome skilledinprojectselection,budgetingandresourcemanagement,planningand scheduling,andtrackingtheirprojects.Thebehavioralsideofprojectmanagement requiresprojectmanagerstobringtogetherindividualsfromacrosstheorganization, moldthemintoateam,manageconflict,provideleadership,andengageinnegotiation andappropriatepoliticalbehavior.
Diff:2 Section:WhyAreProjectsImportant? Keywords:project,training,technical,behavioral,executives

81) Describetheactivitiesthatoccurateachstageofaproject. Answer: Stagesinaprojectsdevelopmentarereferredtoastheprojectlifecycle,whichconsists ofconceptualization,planning,execution,andtermination.Intheconceptualization stagethescopeoftheworkisdetermined,necessaryresourcesareidentified,and importantorganizationalstakeholderssignedon.Intheplanningstagealldetailed specifications,schematics,schedules,andotherplansaredeveloped.Individualpieces oftheprojectarebrokendown,individualassignmentsaremade,andtheprocessfor completionisdelineated.Duringtheexecutionphasethesystemisdevelopedorthe productiscreatedandfabricated.Terminationoccurswhenthecompletedprojectis transferredtothecustomer,theprojectsresourcesarereassigned,andtheprojectis formallyclosedout.
Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:lifecycle,conceptualization,planning,execution,termination

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

82) Whereintheprojectlifecyclearetheintensitylevelofresourcesandclientinterestattheir highest?Whyisthisthecase? Answer: Theintensitylevelofresourcespeaksduringtheexecutionphaseoftheprojectlife cycle.Theactualworkisperformedduringthisphase,sothecommitmentoffinancial, human,andtechnicalresourcespeaksatthistime.Thelevelofenthusiasmorconcern expressedbytheprojectsintendedcustomerpeaksinboththeconceptualizationand terminationphases.Theclientisinitiallyveryinterestedbecausetheyprovideinputon thegoalandspecificationsoftheproject.Projectworkmovesoutoftheconceptual phasetoamoreinternalmodeandtheclientsinterestwanesuntiltheprojectnears delivery.Atthispointtheclientsinterestpeaksagainastheypreparetoreceivethe completedprojectandalltheassociatedbenefits.
Diff:2 Section:ProjectLifeCycles Keywords:lifecycle,intensity,client,interest,resources

83) Rankthedeterminantsofprojectsuccessfrommostimportanttoleastimportantandjustify yourrankings. Answer: Answerswithregardstorankingmayvarysince,forexample,circumstancesmay dictatethattimeisanoverridingconcernattheexpenseofqualityandcost.The determinantsofprojectsuccessareconformancetobudget,schedule,performance specifications,andclientacceptance. TimeProjectsareconstrainedbyaspecifiedtimeframeduringwhichtheymustbe completed;theyarenotsupposedtocontinueindefinitely. CostProjectsmustmeetbudgetedallowancesinordertouseresourcesasefficiently aspossible. Performance Projectsaredevelopedinordertoadheretosomeinitiallydetermined technicalspecifications.Performancemeasurementmeansdeterminingwhetherthe finishedproductoperatesaccordingtospecifications. ClientacceptanceProjectsaredevelopedwithcustomersinmind;theirpurposeisto satisfycustomersneeds.Ifthecompletedprojectmeetsallinternalcriteriabutdoesnot satisfythecustomer,thentheprojecthasnotbeenacompletesuccess.
Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:project,success,time,cost,performance,client,acceptance

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Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?- Chapter1

84) Discusstheinternalandexternalmeasuresofprojectsuccess? Answer: Thedeterminantsofprojectsuccessaretheinternalmeasuresoftime,cost,and performanceandtheexternalmeasureofclientacceptance. TimeProjectsareconstrainedbyaspecifiedtimeframeduringwhichtheymustbe completed;theyarenotsupposedtocontinueindefinitely. CostProjectsmustmeetbudgetedallowancesinordertouseresourcesasefficiently aspossible. Performance Projectsaredevelopedinordertoadheretosomeinitiallydetermined technicalspecifications.Performancemeasurementmeansdeterminingwhetherthe finishedproductoperatesaccordingtospecifications. ClientacceptanceProjectsaredevelopedwithcustomersinmind;theirpurposeisto satisfycustomersneeds.Ifthecompletedprojectmeetsallinternalcriteriabutdoesnot satisfythecustomer,thentheprojecthasnotbeenacompletesuccess.
Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:project,success,time,cost,performance,client,acceptance

85) DescribetheelementsoftheAtkinsonmodelofprojectsuccess? Answer: TheAtkinsonmodelincorporatestheinputofallstakeholdersinassessingproject success.Stakeholdersareallgroupsthatareaffectedbyaproject,forexample, employees,customers,endusers,thecommunity,suppliers,etc.TheAtkinsonmodel beginswiththetraditionalirontriangleoftime,cost,andperformanceandadds considerationsofthebenefitsaccruedbyorganizationalandexternalstakeholders.

Diff:2 Section:DeterminantsofProjectSuccess Keywords:project,success,time,cost,performance,client,Atkinson

86) Whatareprojectmanagementmaturitymodelsusedfor? Answer: Projectmanagementmaturitymodelsareusedtoalloworganizationstobenchmarkthe bestpracticesofsuccessfulprojectmanagementfirms.Projectmaturitymodels recognizethatdifferentorganizationsarecurrentlyatdifferentlevelsofsophistication intheirbestpracticesformanagingprojects.

Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:project,management,maturity

87) Describethespider- webmethodologyfordisplayingprojectmanagementmaturityand presentanyfivecomponentsofprojectmanagementpracticethatcanbedisplayedusingthis technique. Answer: Aspider- webdiagram(orradarchart)derivesitsnamefromitsvisualsimilaritytoa spider- web,consistingofsomenumberofspokesconnectedbyconcentricrings.The spokesrepresentthecomponentsofprojectmanagementpracticethattheorganization choosestomeasure.Theringsrepresentlevelsofachievementforeachofthe components.
Diff:2 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:project,management,maturity,spider -web

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Chapter1- Introduction:WhyProjectManagement?

88) Describetheprojectmanagementcharacteristicsoffirmsthatresideatthelowestlevelsofthe ESI,SEI,CenterforBusinessPractice,andKerznermaturitymodelsandcharacteristicsof firmsthatresideatthehighestlevelsofthesemodels. Answer: Thelowestlevelofeachmodelisoccupiedbycompaniesthathavenoclearsenseof projectmanagement.Thereisnocommonprojectmanagementlanguagewithinthese companiesandmanagementprocesses,ifanyexist,areadhoc.Firmsoccupyingthe highestlevelofprojectmanagementmaturityareprojectsavvy;havingprogressed beyondsimplyapplyingprojectmanagementtoprocesses.Thesefirmsactivelyexplore waystocontinuouslyimproveprojectmanagementtechniquesandprocedures.
Diff:3 Section:DevelopingProjectManagementMaturity Keywords:project,management,maturity,level,Kerzner,ESI,SEI

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