Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Myitkyina
Sagaing
Mandalay
Myingyan Taunggyi Meiktila Sitwe Magwe Pyinmana Loikaw
Pyi
Hinthada
Bago
Yangon
ANDAMAN SEA
Myeik
Gist of presentation
1. 2. 3. Yangon in Myanmar context Population & Housing The Infrastructure (Water, electricity, drains & waste disposal systems) 4. Transportation, Traffic Congestion, Road Network and Environmental Pollution 5. Employment & Industries 6. Problem of CBD & its location 7. Heritage Conservation & City Character 8. The Future Scenarios & Urbanization pattern 9. Legal & Institutional Set-up 10. The Urgent Difficulties in Urban Planning & Urban Development
43.17
8.75
2.61
2.35
2.06
1.70
1.53
Other Urban Centres, 7.79, 51% All Towns Over 150 000 (Excluding Yangon), 3.29, 21%
3.50
3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00
3.40 % 2.61 %
1.99 %
1983-93
1993-2003
2003-2013
16.00
14.00
12.00
Mill. Population
10.00
7.74
8.64
8.00
6.86
6.00
5.44
4.00
3.01
2.03
4.21
2.00
0.00
Y1973
Y1983
Y1993
Y2003
Y2013
Y2023
Y2033
Y2043
Challenges of Yangon in Housing Sector In the last 20 years, inhumane housing units were built in thousands
These residential areas had no: Childrens playground No Car Parking No Proper waste disposal systems
Above all: no proper building distances and too high FAI
Development of planned and affordable Housing Estates for lower middle and middle income groups To Develop Housing Financing Mechanism (Partial saving of the people, and gradual repayment)
Improved Bo Min Yaung Housing Estate with green areas & parking (approved, soil-testing)
Improved Bo Min Yaung Housing Estate with green & play areas (approved, soil-testing)
160 mill. Gallons daily should be enough for 5 mill. population, however there are large wastage, so that only 65% of the population enjoys YCDC water
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on
Electricity
(Infrastructure) Electricity
YCDC receives 700 Megawatt (Ministry of Electric Energy, Jan.
2012)
Amounting to 140 Watts per person on the average However large unaccounted energy
There are around 280 000 vehicles in YCDC area, amounting to 900 vehicles / sq. ml. (340 vehicles/sq.km)
0.25
0.20
Vehicles (Lakhs)
0.18
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Y 2007 Y 2008 Y 2009 Y 2010 Y 2011 Y 2012 (June)
1169
in numbers
864
795
206
175
208
Y2009
Deathly accidents
Y2010
Years
Y2011
Deathly accidents comparison in ASEAN countries (Worlds average is 93) (Source: WHO report)
Deathly Accidents /100 000 vehicles / year
1400
1,238.50
Public Transport
Estimated about 4 million trips per day, using public transport Out of which barely 1 % is taken over by train transport
3096.0
3000.0
2702.7
2500.0
2147.1
2000.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
361.1
0.0
Yangon
Jakarta
Manila
Source: Calculated based on:- 1. Traffic and Car Accident Statistics for Thailand,(www.thaiwebsites.com/caraccidents.asp)
downloaded on 24th June 2011 2. The Jakarta Post, (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/12/22/stuck-jakarta-trafficis-gridlock-coming-early.html) Friday 24Th June 2011 3. Metro Manila, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila) Read on 24th June, 2011 4. New Light of Myanmar (September 22, 2009) via Ma Khine Kywe San, M.Arch.Thesis, Thanlwin GTU, December 2009 Notes: *Bangkok means Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok Metropolitan Area)
Immediate Actions of YCDC to improve infrastructure situation 1. Water supply, (To cover deprived areas, to explore more water resources, improvement of piping system, reduce unaccounted water, now assisted by JICA) 2. Improvement of sewage and drainage situation, and pilot project to improve Kandawgyi Lake, assisted by JICA) 3. Fly-overs at important junctions, under construction
Present Endeavours of YCDC to improve infrastructure situation 1. Improvement and extension of circular rail-system 2. Creating parking facilities at the entrance of CBD (Working together with Railway Ministry)
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Employment in Mill.
Tertiary, Irregular Employment 0.70 33%
Endeavours to improve employment situation 1. Many enterprises are still under study 2. The development of Special Economic Zone at Thilawa might create more job opportunities in the industrial sector 3. The increase electric supply might create more job opportunities in the industrial sector
A secondary Centre with 150 acres (ca 60 Ha) is dly n being planned Ma w/
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ung
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0 mile 0 km 5
5 10
10 15 20 km
15 mile
M.Aca.
Concerning the architectural conservation, YCDC has officially earmarked 189 buildings
The recommended tasks for Yangon city and urbanization pattern of Myanmar Expansion & reorganization of the city Transportation & road network improvement Infrastructure improvement in general Country-wide urban planning & development Reconsidering the polar systems
16.00
14.00
12.00
Mill. Population
10.00
7.74
8.64
8.00
6.86
6.00
5.44
4.00
3.01
2.03
4.21
2.00
0.00
Y1973
Y1983
Y1993
Y2003
Y2013
Y2023
Y2033
Y2043
To N a
ung
Don
5 5 10
10 15 20 km
15 mile
1569.0
792.5
740.0 646.0
809.2
Yangon (YCDC Bangkok (BMA Jakarta (2010) Manila (NCR in Ho Chi Minh 2010) 2010) 2007) City (2009) Metropolitan area (sq.km)
17884.56 12945.95 8851.62 7066.25 7151.75 1943.37 Yangon Bangkok (YCDC 2010) (BMA 2010) Jakarta (2010) Manila (NCR Ho Chi Minh Hanoi (2009) in 2007) City (2009)
0.00
In case of Yangon
33.2-Sq.Ml. in 1950
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Changes in Land:Man Ration in Myanmar
45.00
40.00 35.00 30.00 26.36 25.00 21.19 38.92
20.00
15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 Rural population (mill) Total agricultural land (mill. acres) 1953 14.93 21.19 1963 18.10 23.91 1973 21.94 24.58 1983 26.61 25.28 1993 32.26 24.83 2003 38.92 26.36 14.93
Calculated based on Agricultural statistics Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation & Statistical Yearbook, 2008
Comparison between population in largest city and second largest city in ASEAN countries (as collected from Encarta 2009)
16 14.6 14 12 10.4 10 8.66 8 6 4 2 0 1.4 0.06 0.64 5.8 4.9 4.7 Population in second largest city (mill) Population in Largest city (mill)
1.297
Consideration of northern Thepole Asian highways Two deep sea ports are on the way
ANDAMAN SEA
Main poles
The final recommendation is The requirement of Human Settlements Strategy and Plan
Legal Framework
YCDC Law of 1990 empowers YCDC to exercise the rights to plan and development Yangon City Paragraph 188, Table 2 of 2008 Constitution, empowers the State & Division Governments to promulgate laws concerning Municipal, Housing, & Human settlement Development and the excution of these laws There is no Town Planning Law promulgated which is valid for the whole country, There is Land Acquisition Act, which enables to acquire land for the public interest
Institutional Framework Based on historic legal and institutional framework, The Department of Human Settlements still manages some Housing Estates and some areas YCDC has established Urban Planning Unit with final manpower of 100, presently engaged with around 40 technical staff
Legal Framework
There are no legally binding Zoning Bylaws YCDC adopts with some heritage areas with height-limits, but these can sometimes be overruled by higher authorities YCDC is responsible for Building Permits, but some government agencies and some companies do not submit applications to YCDC and go ahead with construction
Y.C.D.C
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ung
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PROPOSED PHASE 1
R I
Extension Areas
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I I I
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Kyaik Hmaw Wun Pagoda
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Kungyangon
Legend
Commercial Residential
0 mile 0 km 5
5 10
10 15 20 km
15 mile
The End