Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concrete Structures: Prof Awad S. Hanna
Concrete Structures: Prof Awad S. Hanna
Units of Measure
Concrete: Cubic Metre M3
Steel: Kg tons Formwork: Metre Square per contact area
3.
Foundat ions
Shallow
Deep
Shallow Foundation
Isolated Footing
Combined Footing
Strap Footing
Raft Foundation
Prof Awad S. Hanna
Deep Foundation
Caissons Piles
Columns
Shapes
Square - Rectangle - Circular Others
Reinforcement
Ordinary - Spiral
Flat Plate
Waffle Slab
Flat Slab
Estimating Issues
1.Formwork is the largest cost item that represent 40% to 60% of concrete structure cost.
Distribution of costs for cast-in-place concrete slab wall:
Slab
Concret e Placing 3% formwork Mat erials 1 0%
Formwork Labor 52% Concret e Labor 7%
W all
Concret e Mat erials 30%
Concret e 21 %
Reinforcing 28%
Formwork
2.Waste allowance from 2% to 10% should be added for concrete and concrete formwork.
3.Concrete Mix
4.Finishing
5.Curing
Prof Awad S. Hanna