LECTIA 19 DIATEZA PASIVA

Numai verbele tranzitive, adica verbele care prime c un c!mplement direct "une!ri i indirect#, au diateza pa iva$ %!&n cried$ Cry e te un verb intranzitiv$ Nu are pa iv$ %!&n sold t&e &!u e$ Sell e te un verb tranzitiv$ Are pa iv$ A$ 'e(ula (enerala$ Pentru a tran )!rma ! pr!p!zitie la diateza activa intr*una la diateza pa iva+ 1$ c!mplementul direct devine ubiect ,$ be are acela i timp ca verbul principal -$ verbul principal devine participiu trecut .$ ubiectul devine a(entul, precedat de by$ diateza activ pasiv subiect %!&n T&e &!u e verb !ld /a !ld complement/agent t&e &!u e b0 %!&n

N1TA+ A(entul e e2prima de !bicei cu by$ Dar cand a(entul e te ! ub tanta dau materie prima )!l! iti with$ T&e n!vel /a /ritten by De)!e$ T&e )l!!r /a c!vered with !il$ Ade ea nu e te nece ara peci)icarea a(entului$ T&e bur(lar /a entenced !ne 0ear in pri !n$ Iata un tabel al ec&ivalentel!r activ*pa iv+ Timp Diateza activa Prezent simplu ell Prezent continuu i ellin( Trecut simplu !ld Trecut continuu /a ellin( Perfect prezent &a !ld Mai mult ca perfect &ad !ld Viitor /ill ell Conditional /!uld ell Conditional perfect /!uld &ave !ld Infinitiv prezent t! ell Infinitiv perfect t! &ave !ld Forma in -IN ellin( Participiu perfect &avin( !ld 3e keeps t&e d!!r !pen$ "a# S&e has shut t&e b!!4$ "a# Diateza pasiva i !ld i bein( !ld /a !ld /a bein( !ld &a been !ld &ad been !ld /ill be !ld /!uld be !ld /!uld &ave been !ld t! be !ld t! &ave been !ld bein( !ld &avin( been !ld

T&e d!!r is kept !pen$ "p# T&e b!!4 has been shut$ "p#

3e will carry t&e ba($ "a# L!c4in( t&e a)e,5 "a#

T&e ba( will be carried$ "p# T&e a)e bein( l!c4ed,5"a#

N1TA+ In en(leza v!rbita, get "in l!cul lui be# e )!l! e te ade ea pentru diateza pa iva$ 6!u7ll get &urt$ 8 6!u7ll be &urt$ 9$ 'e(uli peciale$ Pentru a tran )!rma ! pr!p!zitie la diateza activa intr*una la diateza pa iva+ 1$ IN:INITIV;L activ devine IN:INITIV pa iv+ dupa verbe m!dale "must, may, can etc$#+ T!m may write t&e b!!4$ "a# T&e b!!4 may be written$ "p# 6!u must tell &im$ "a# 3e must be told$ "p# dupa like/love/wish/want ! complement direct+ 3e wanted them to delay t&e train$ "a# 3e wanted the train to be delayed$ "p# S&e liked us to water t&e )l!/er at da/n$ "a# S&e liked the flowers to be watered at da/n$ "p# ,$ )!l! iti that should ! INFINITIV pasiv+ dupa agree, decide, arrange, demand ! INFINITIV ! complement+ <e agreed to take Tim$ "a# <e agreed that Tim should be taken$ "p# T&e0 decided to reduce the price$ "a# T&e0 decided that the price should be reduced$ "p# dupa advise, insist, propose, recommend, suggest ! forma in -IN complement+ S&e advised finishing the job$ "a# S&e advised that the job should be finished$ "p# T&e0 suggested driving the car$ "a# T&e0 suggested that the car should be driven$ "p#

N1TA+ Dupa need )!l! iti un (erunziu sau IN:INITIV pa iv$ Sen ul e te identic "vezi Lectia 1=#$ T&e p&!ne needs repairing$ T&e p&!ne needs to be repaired$ "ambele pr!p!zitii unt pa ive# -$ d!ua )!rme alternative de pa iv e p!t )!l! i in m!d imper !nal cu+ assume, believe, claim, estimate, find, know, presume, report, say, suppose, understand "vezi i Lectia1=>1?#+ They say that he is a (eniu $ "a# It is said that he is a (eniu $ "p# He is said to be a (eniu $ "p# eople believe that the story is true$ "a# It is believed that the story is true$ "p# The story is believed to be true$ "p#

.$ prep!zitiile unt pla ate dupa verbul pa iv+ verbe c!mple2e "verb @ prep!zitie#+ <e will take care of t&e (arden l!vin(l0$ "a# T&e (arden will be taken care of l!vin(l0$ "p# verb @ prep!zitie @ c!mplement+ 3e had to write to his parents dail0$ "a# 3i parent had to be written to dail0$ "p# 3er )amil0 never thought of her$ "a# S&e /a never thought of "b0 &er )amil0#$ "p# =$ pr!p!zitiile cu d!ua c!mplemente "c!mplement direct i indirect# au d!ua )!rme p! ibile de pa iv+ 3e t!ld her a lie$ "a# She /a t!ld a lie$ "p# ! lie /a t!ld t! &er$ "p# T&e0 ent him a letter$ "a# He /a ent a letter$ "p# ! letter /a ent t! &im$ "p# C$ ;tilizare$ Pa ivul e )!l! e te+ 1$ pentru a ublinia actiunea i nu a(entul+ T&e criminal was arrested$ 6!u are invited t! t&e /eddin( recepti!n$ ,$ cand a(entul e te necun! cut, neimp!rtant au evident+ 3e is said t! be a bad*tempered man$ T&e cellar was entirel0 flooded$ Aenned0 was elected pre ident$

EBE'CITII
1$ Tran )!rmati pr!p!zitiile la diateza active in pr!p!zitii la diateza pa iva$ Enuntati a(entul numai daca e te imp!rtant pentru en ul pr!p!zitiei$ 1$ C!!d c!!4 u e t&e be t in(redient $ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ ,$ Pe!ple u uall0 )ear na4e $ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ -$ Laura /ill pil!t t&e plane t! %amaica$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ .$ T&e0 pr!ved t&e t&e!r0 t! be /r!n($ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ =$ Sinatra an( all t&e !ld &it $ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ ?$ Ant&!n0 :in i preparin( t&e )inancial rep!rt$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$

D$ N!b!d0 &a /a &ed m0 &irt E 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ F$ 1ur tudent enG!0ed t&e S&a4e peare pla0$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 9$ T&e C!vernment /ill pr!p! e ne/ ta2e t&i /ee4$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 1H$ Pe!ple d!n7t c!n ider &im dependable$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ ,$ C!mpletati patiile cu by au with$ 1$ ,$ -$ .$ =$ ?$ D$ F$ T&e cellar /a )l!!ded 5555 /ater$ T&e cellar /a )l!!ded 5555 a rain t!rm$ T&e &!u e /a built 5555 Ir$ 3a/4e $ T&e &!u e /a built 5555 /!!d$ T&e pa(&etti /a c!vederd 5555 (rated c&ee e$ T! 4eep it /arm, t&e meat /a c!vered 5555 an!t&er plate$ T&e I!nali a /a painted 5555 Le!nard! da Vinci$ T&e Ea ter E(( /ere c!l!ured 5555 ve(etable d0e $

-$ Pr!p!zitiile de mai G! au d!ua c!mplemente i d!ua )!rme alternative de pa iv$ Dati ambele )!rme$ 1$ T&e0 ent &im t/! /arnin( $ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ ,$ T&e bi!l!(0 teac&er re(ularl0 (ive T!n0 e2tra lab /!r4$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ -$ T&e ale man /ill &!/ 0!u t&e late t m!del$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ .$ I /ill (ive 0!u t/! !pti!n $ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ =$ T&e0 pa0 u t&e rent !nce a m!nt&$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ ?$ <e /ill end eac& !) t&e tudent an applicati!n )!rm$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$ 5555555555555555555555555555555555$