LECTIA 16
FORMA IN -ING
GERUNZIU SI PARTICIPIU
Din punct de vedere gramatical, forma in -ING poate fi sau un gerunziu sau un participiu.
In ambele cazuri, forma este aceeasi.
A. Gerunziul. Poate fi folosit ca:
1. subiect:
Smoking is dangerous for your health.
Camping is fun.
2. complement:
Claudia loves teaching.
The rules do not permit spitting.
3. interdictii scurte:
No fishing.
No smoking.
4. dupa prepozitii:
Francis is interested in learning English.
After taking a nap, he felt better.
I am sorry for hurting your feelings.
ATENTIE: Cuvantul to este o sursa de confuzii. Uneori to este o propozitie urmata de
-ING. Alteori to introduce un INFINITIV complet.
Kevin looked forward to seeing her.
Kevin wanted to see her.
5. dupa anumite verbe si expresii. Principalele verbe si expresii sunt:
admit
avoid
delay
detest
enjoy
finish
imagine
mind
miss
postpone
practice
remember
resist
stop
be no good
cant help
be worth
be busy
deny
be no use
cant stand
keep
risk
He delayed apologizing to her as long as possible.
I missed listening to her play the piano.
They remembered sending us the bill.
We stopped studying in the summer.
NOTA: Nu pierdeti din vedere diferenta dintre:
He remembered writing to us. = Isi amintea ca ne-a scris.
They remembered to write to us. = Nu au uitat sa ne scrie.
He stopped eating. = El a terminat de mancat.
He stopped to eat. = S-a oprit din alte treburi ca sa manance.
6. dupa anumite verbe + adjectiv posesiv / complement pronominal. Principalele
verbe sunt:
dislike
dread
mind
remember
resent
stop
understand
object to
appreciate
excuse
forgive
prevent
(dis)approve of
I dont mind his / him staying with us.
My mother objects to my / me dyeing my hair.
I truly appreciate their / them being so hospitable.
We didnt understand her / her becoming so bitter.
NOTA: Utilizarea adjectivului posesiv este mai formala:
The committee resent his being so frank.
Utilizarea complementului pronominal este mai raspandita in engleza vorbita:
I certainly understand him being upset.
B. Participiul. Poate fi folosit:
1. la timpurile continue:
He is working.
You were singing.
They will be running.
2. ca adjective:
annoying
frightening
exciting
shocking
depressing
charming
embarrassing
interesting
relaxing
boring
3. in substantive compuse:
a washing machine a diving board
a sewing kit
a walking stick
a fishing rod
a gardening tool
4. dupa spend si waste (timp, bani, effort, energie):
They spent a fortune building that house.
He wasted all his energy getting that contract.
5. dupa go si come (activitate fizica):
Eileen and Paul are going swimming.
Im coming shopping with you.
6. dupa see, hear, feel, listen to, notice, watch + complement:
The entire family watched Tim skating.
Didnt you hear the cat meowing?
7. dupa catch, find, leave + complement:
Ellie left him sleeping peacefully.
The baker caught the boy stealing donuts / doughnuts.
8. in locul subordonatelor:
a) in locul unei subordonate relative (vezi Lectia 11)
We watched the boy working. (= We watched the boy who was working.)
b) in locul subordonatelor:
cand doua actiuni se petrec la acelasi moment:
Smiling warmly, she shook Harrys hand. (= She smiled warmly as she
shook Harrys hand.)
The bottle fell, hitting me on the shoulder. (= The bottle fell and hit me on
the shoulder.)
pentru a inlocui o propozitie care incepe cu since sau because:
Thinking Joan was honest, he lent her the money. (= Because he
thought Joan was honest, he lent her the money.)
Being curious, he looked through the keyhole. (= Since he was
curious, he looked through the keyhole.)
cand actiunea unei subordinate se petrece in mod clar inainte de actiunea
celeilalte subordinate se foloseste participiul perfect:
Having got divorced once, Al decided not to marry again. (= After
he had got divorced once, Al decided not to marry again.)
Having put both children to bed, Alice sat down to relax by the
fire. (After she had put both children to bed, Alice sat down to
relax by the fire.)
EXERCITII
1. Puneti verbul din paranteze la forma corecta (INFINITIV sau forma in -ING).
1. The pupil began .............................. (understand) the teachers explanations.
2. Grandmother looks forward to ............................. (spend) her summer with her
grandchildren. She expects all of them ............................. (sit and chat) with her
for hours.
3. The doctor avoided ............................. (tell) her the truth because he didnt
want ............................. (make) her ............................. (suffer) more.
4. At first James enjoyed ............................. (watch) the ad, but
after ............................. (see) it over and over again, he got tired
of ............................. (be forced) ............................. (see) it so often.
5. I dont mind ............................. (wait). Please finish ............................. (read) and
then we can ............................. (talk) at length.
6. The boys decided ............................. (leave) without ............................. (say
goodbye). They couldnt stand ............................. (wait) so long.
7. Theresa bought the ingredients ............................. (make) a cake, but she
found ............................. (follow) the recipe difficult. Finally she gave
up ............................. (try) and let the baker ............................. (sell) her a
delicious cherry pie.
8. It was hard ............................. (persuade) him ............................. (agree). Finally
he admitted ............................. (feel convinced).
9. We are sorry ............................. (inform) you that the management has
decided ............................. (stop) ............................. (accept) all personal checks.
In the future, customers will be expected ............................. (pay) in cash.
10. After ............................. (work) all day, I dont feel like ............................. (go
out). Id rather ............................. (stay) at home and go .............................
(dance) on Saturday night.
2. Terminati propozitiile folosind cuvintele din paranteze. In unele cazuri exista doua
raspunsuri posibile:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I love ............................. (swim).
Do you like ............................. (shop)?
he hates ............................. (work in the garden).
Id prefer ............................. (learn Spanish).
Dont you just love ............................. (eat here)?
Id like ............................. (see another movie).
Wouldnt you hate ............................. (meet him now)?
Wed love ............................. (hear from you).
3. Folositi un participiu (prezent sau perfect) pentru a lega propozitiile. Faceti toate
modificarile necesare:
1. I opened the book. I found the missing check inside.
.
2. Dave heard his dog bark. He knew someone had entered the garden.
.
3. The cat was purring. It fell asleep.
.
4. The baby ate until it was full. Afterwards it started to smile.
.
5. Fred did not study. He naturally failed the test.
.
6. We did not hear from him. We decided to leave without him.
.
7. Carol was ironing. She burned her arm.
.
8. First he fixed the radio. Then he could listen to the news again.
.
