PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

Arab British Academy for Higher Education.
PC Assembling and Logical Circuits
-0-
www.abahe.co.uk

AND
OR
NOT
NAND
OR )(
NOR )(
-1-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
:

" "

.
AND OR NOT
) .(INVERTER
-2-
www.abahe.co.uk
) (HIGH ) (1 )(LOW
) (0
) (1 ) (TRUE
) (0
).(FALSE
)(Positive Logic
) .(Negative Logic
) (1 ) (0
) (0
) (1 .
-3-
www.abahe.co.uk
AND
AND
) (Logical Multiplication AND

) .(Logic Functions
) (A,B
) (Two Binary Variables
) (0 ) (Open ) (1
).(Closed
" "L ) (1
) (ON ) (0
) .(OFF
-4-
www.abahe.co.uk
) (L
).(Truth Table
L
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
) (Standard AND :
A, B Y AND.
AND.
) (bits ) (1 A,
B ) (1 AND
) (1 ).(1
) (
N = 2n
n
N .
-5-
www.abahe.co.uk
8
.
AND :
Y=AB
: Y ) A AND B (AND
Y = AB
Y .A AND B
) (Pulses .
AND
.
A , B ) (1
t1 Y ) (1
t2 A ) (0 B Y
) (0 .
-6-
www.abahe.co.uk
OR
OR
) (Logical Addition
. AND A , B
) (0 ) (Open )(1
).(Closed
:
L
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
-7-
www.abahe.co.uk
) (1
) (1 ) (0
) (0.
Y
1
1
1
0
A
1
1
0
0
B
1
0
1
0
OR :
Y=A+B
: Y +)A OR B .(OR
OR
AND
.
-8-
www.abahe.co.uk
A , B ) (1
t1 Y ) .(1
-9-
www.abahe.co.uk
(INVERTER) NOT
NOT
) (Inversion ) (1
) (0 ) (0 ).(1
NOT .
.
Y
1
0
A
0
1
: Y not A A bar
Y . A A bar
-10-
www.abahe.co.uk
NAND
AND
) (NAND ) (NOT AND AND

.
AND
.
A
0
1
0
1
Y
1
1
1
0
B
0
0
1
1
NAND.
)(0
) (1 ) (1
) (0 .AND NAND

-11-
www.abahe.co.uk
NOT,OR,AND
NAND :
Y AB
NAND
NAND ) (0
).(1
A , B ) (1 t1
Y ) .(0 t2
A ) (0 B ) (1
Y ) (1 .
-12-
www.abahe.co.uk
OR )(
OR ) (
XOR-gate .
XOR
XOR
Y
0
1
1
0
A
0
1
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
) (Y ) (1 A-B
) (1 ) (0 ) (0
-13-
www.abahe.co.uk
XOR OR
A=B=1 XOR )(1
) (1 ) (1

Y AB A B
:
YAB
A B XOR
ANDORNOT
XOR.
-14-
www.abahe.co.uk
XOR
-15-
www.abahe.co.uk
NOR )(
NOR XNOR
XNOR
.XOR
XNOR
Y
1
0
0
1
A
0
1
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
) (Y ) (1 A-B
A = B = 0 A = B = 1 ) (0
. ) (0 ) (1
-16-
www.abahe.co.uk
) (0
.
Y AB A B
:
Y AB
XNOR
ANDORNOT
XNOR.
-17-
www.abahe.co.uk
XNOR
-18-
www.abahe.co.uk

) (Boolean Algebra
) (Boolean Expression
.
):(1
A+0=A
OR
) (0 A ) (1 ) .(0 A=1 )(1

.A A=0 ) (0 .A
OR) (0 ).(A+0=A
):(2
A+1=1
OR )(1 A ) (1
) .(0 ) (1 OR ) (1
OR
.
) (1 ).(A + 1 = 1) (1
):(3
A0=0
AND ) (0 A
) (0 .
AND ) (0 ).(A 0 = 0) (0
):(4
A1=A
-19-
www.abahe.co.uk
AND ) (1 A
) (A A = 0 AND )(0
A = 1 AND ) (1
) .(1 AND ) (1
).(A 1 = A
):(5
A+A=A
OR A
. A = 0 0 + 0 = 0 A = 1 1 +
.1 = 1
):(6
A A 1
: A OR A
).(1
A = 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 A = 1 .1 1 1 0 1
):(7
A*A=A
A AND .
A = 0 0 * 0 = 0 A = 1 1 * 1 = 1
AND .A
-20-
www.abahe.co.uk
):(8
AA0
A AND A
) (0 A A ) (0
) (0 AND ) (0.
):(9
AA
. A = 0
) (1 ) (1 ) (0
.
):(10
) (2 ) (4:
)A + AB = A(1 + B
)= A(1
=A
-21-
www.abahe.co.uk
.

:
1 AND A, B . A B
2 AND A, C . AC
3 OR A B , AC A B AC
Y A B AC
-22-
www.abahe.co.uk
-23-
www.abahe.co.uk
.
:
)Y AB(CD EF
A , B ) (CD EF
AND ) (CD EF C , D
AND E , F AND
AND .OR :

) (CD EF CD, EF
-24-
www.abahe.co.uk
) AB(CD EF:
1 NOT . D
2 AND . CD, EF
3 OR ). (CD EF
4 AND .Y
-25-
www.abahe.co.uk
Y
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
.1 Y = 1
Y = 1 A
A = 0, B = 1, C = 0 ABC
) (1
-26-
www.abahe.co.uk
) (0 ) (1
. ABC
.2 Y = 1 OR
:
Y ABC ABC
ABC
AND ABC
A, B, C AND
OR .
: NOT
A, C AND , ABC
ABC OR ABC ABC
-27-
www.abahe.co.uk
) .(1 or 0
) (22 = 4
) (23 = 8.

) (1 ) (Y
) (0
Y A BC ABC ABC ABC

A, B, C
A BC 000, ABC 010, ABC 110, ABC 111
-28-
www.abahe.co.uk
1 Y
0 .Y
Y
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
-29-
www.abahe.co.uk
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
.

.
AA A :
A 12 3
:
2 A +1 = 1 :
-30-
www.abahe.co.uk
A, B, C .
-31-
www.abahe.co.uk
-32-
www.abahe.co.uk
1 :
2 :
Y
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
.
-33-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
:
.
) (
.
3.3 3.3
0 .
.
)gate
(logic
.
) (Boolean logic

)Boole
.(George :
AND OR NOT ) NAND (AND
. AND
. OR
NOT
-34-
www.abahe.co.uk
. NAND
AND .

) (switch
) .(digital switch
)transistor,
field-effect
semi-conductor
metal-oxide
.(MOSFET :

. 3.3
) (
5 .

.
) (on ) (off off on

.
-35-
www.abahe.co.uk
AND
OR .
. AND
OR

. AND

(
)
.
.
. OR

. 2 OR
.

)
( .
.IC IC
IC

IC )
(
-36-
www.abahe.co.uk
) .(integration,VLSI very large-scasle

.
4004 Intel
.

) (registers

.
) .(system clock
) (bit pattern

.
. 16

16 .

32 32 64
.

.
) .(system clock
.
-37-
www.abahe.co.uk
( .

) (pipelining ) .(execution superscalar
) (pipelines
) .(pipeline depth
80286 ) ( 4
80486
MMX .

-38-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
Digital Ic
switching

FET
Binary Digit
4 NAND
TTL:
Transistor Transis Logic
TTL :
low power TTL
High Speed TTL
Schottky TTL
TTL
Vcc 4.5 5

-39-
www.abahe.co.uk

Table Truth
:
\" 4 "\1 1
\" "\0

)(
) (relays
.
.

) .
(
-40-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
switching
counters
computation
display
memory storage

gates
flip flop
driver , buffer
registers
memory
-41-
www.abahe.co.uk

random access memory RAM

read only memory ROM .
-42-
www.abahe.co.uk
-43-
www.abahe.co.uk
Free Motherboard Half cache
..
"
...
..
...
IBM Apple .
IBM
.

SCANDISK DEFRAG
.
-44-
www.abahe.co.uk
Cache RAM
Cache
Full
!! Half Cache
Full cache
KB 512 Half cache 128KB Intel
Xeon Cache MB 2 ... Quad Cache ..
"" !!
Xeon Macroprocessor Microprocessor
I A
!!!! Quad Cache ...."
!!!
-45-
www.abahe.co.uk
.
:

Intel
) ( AMD
) .
.
2.4
) 23
( )
3 4 (

66 2 3 4 100 133 400533
800
B C 4.
-46-
www.abahe.co.uk
: Cache RAM

3
KB 512
KB 256 .
:

..
Chipset
800 USB2
UDMA100 ..
xAGP 8 PCI

Built-in Mainboards

-47-
www.abahe.co.uk
) " Built-in
Mainboards (
)( :RAM

.
MB .
.MB 256 of RAM
CACHE Cache 512K
4 DDRAM
400 DDRAM2
533 667.
-48-
www.abahe.co.uk

.
HardDisk 40 GB GB
UDMA )( .
IDE
Serial ATA SCSI .

Geforce
nVIDIA MB 64
MPEG DirectX9
Resoulution .
-49-
www.abahe.co.uk
..

Dot Pitch
0.28 0.24

Digital Control
.
Thin Flat Displays . LCD - TFT
..
.
-50-
www.abahe.co.uk

:
MB 1.44
3.5.
Optical
-51-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
..
240V 450V

...
USB
.
.
:
:
DOT MATRIX INKJET
.LASER

%50 .
.
.
-52-
www.abahe.co.uk

.
:

.
:
.
-53-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
1.6
) 865( ) (nForce2
MB 256 DDR GB 40
7200 rpm K 56 ). (US Robotics
17.
DVD-Rom/CD-RW
.

4.1 .
:
4 3.0 800
875 MB 512 2
GB60
MB Geforce 5900 64 19
0.24
DVD CD-
RW
-54-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
21
SCSI
USB2
-55-
www.abahe.co.uk
:
..
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .

-56-
www.abahe.co.uk

PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Arab British Academy for Higher Education.