Chng 10 CC THIT B LN MEN NUI CY CHM VI SINH VT TRONG CC MI TRNG DINH DNG LNG

Nui cy vi sinh vt sn xut cc sn phm ca cc cht hot ho sinh hc l qu trnh tinh vi v phc tp nht thu nhn cc sn phm tng hp vi sinh. Tng hp sinh hc cc cht hot ho sinh hc do vi sinh vt to ra ph thuc vo mt s yu t nh nhit , pH ca mi trng v canh trng pht trin, nng ho tan, thi gian nui cy, kt cu v vt liu thit b... Trong chng ny chng ti s gii thiu mt s thit b ln men cng nghip c ng dng cy chm vi sinh vt. Ph thuc vo cc phng php ng dng nh gi hot ng thit b ln men dng cy chm vi sinh vt v c chia ra mt s nhm theo cc du hiu sau: Theo phng php nui cy - cc thit b hot ng lin tc v gin on. Theo tit trng - cc thit b kn v cc thit b khng i hi kn nghim ngt. Theo kt cu - cc thit b ln men c b khuch tn v tuabin, c my thng gi dng quay, c b o trn c hc, c vng tun hon bn ngoi; cc thit b ln men dng thp, c h thng gi kiu phun. Theo phng php cung cp nng lng v t chc khuy trn, thng gi - cc thit b cung cp nng lng cho pha kh, pha lng v pha tng hp. Trong cng nghip vi sinh thc t hu nh tt c cc qu trnh nui cy sn xut ra cc cht hot ho sinh hc c tin hnh bng phng php gin on trong cc iu kin tit trng. 10.1. CC THIT B LN MEN NUI CY VI SINH VT TRONG IU KIN TIT TRNG Nui cy cc vi sinh vt phn ln c tin hnh trong cc iu kin tit trng. tit trng ca qu trnh c m bo bng phng php tit trng thit b ln men, cc ng ng dn, cm bin dng c; np mi trng dinh dng tit trng v ging cy thun chun vo thit b ln men c tit trng; khng kh tit trng thng gi canh trng v cht kh bt tit trng; cc dng c cm bin tit trng trong thit b ln men kim tra v iu chnh cc thng s ca qu trnh; bo v vt m kn trc ca b chuyn o, cc ng ng cng ngh v ph tng trong qu trnh nui cy.

196

10.1.1. Thit b ln men c b o trn c hc dng si bt Dng thit b ln men ny c s dng rng ri cho cc qu trnh tit trng nui cy vi sinh vt - sn sinh ra cc cht hot ho sinh hc. Thit b ln men c th tch 63 m3. Dng thit b ln men ny l mt xilanh ng c ch to bng thp X18H10T hay kim loi kp c np v y hnh nn (hnh 10.1). T l chiu cao v ng knh bng 2,6:1. Trn np c b dn ng cho c cu chuyn o v cho kh bt bng c hc; ng ni np mi trng dinh dng, vt liu cy, cht kh bt, np v thi khng kh; cc ca quan st; ca a vi ra; van bo him v cc khp ni cm cc dng c kim tra. Khp x 16 y ca thit b dng tho canh trng. Bn trong c trc 6 xuyn sut. Cc c cu chuyn o c gn cht trn trc. C cu chuyn o gm c cc tuabin 8 c ng knh 600 1000 mm vi cc cnh rng 150 200 mm c nh v 2 tng, cn tuabin h th ba c gn cht trn b si bt 13 phn tn cc bt khng kh. B si bt c dng hnh thoi c lm bng nhng ng t l. phn trn ca b si bt c khong 2000 3000 l theo kiu bn c. Hnh 10.1. Thit b ln men vi b o trn c hc dng si bt c sc cha 63 m3: 1- ng c; 2- Hp gim tc; 3- Khp ni; 4- bi; 5- Vng bt kn; 6- Trc; 7Thnh thit b ; 8- My khuy trn tuabin; 9- B trao i nhit kiu ng xon; 10Khp ni; 11- ng np khng kh; 12My trn kiu cnh qut; 13- B si bt; 14- My khuy dng vt; 15- ; 16Khp tho; 17- Ao; 18- Khp np liu; 19- Khp np khng kh ng c - b truyn ng lm quay trc 6 v cc c cu o trn 8, 12, 14. S dng b gim tc v b dn ng c dng in khng i iu chnh v cp s vng quay trong gii hn 110 200 vng/ pht. Thit b ln men c trang b o 17, gm t 6 8 . Mi c 8 rnh c ch to bng thp gc c kch thc 12060 mm. Din tch lm vic ca o 60 m2. B mt 197

lm vic bn trong 45 m2 gm ng xon 9 c ng knh 600 mm vi s vt 23 khi tng chiu cao ca rut xon 2,4 m. Thit b ln men c tnh ton hot ng di p sut d 0,25 MPa v tit trng nhit 130 1400C, cng nh hot ng di chn khng. Trong qu trnh nui cy vi sinh vt, p sut bn trong thit b 50 kPa; tiu hao khng kh tit trng n 1 m3/ (m3/pht). Chiu cao ct cht lng trong thit b 5 6 m khi chiu cao ca thit b hn 8 m. tin li cho vic thao tc v trnh nhng sai lm cn dn vo thit b s ch dn thao tc (hnh 10.2). m bo tit trng trong sut qu trnh (gi c hi), cc trc ca c cu chuyn o phi c vng bt kn. Cc vng bt kn c tnh ton hot ng p sut 0 0,28 MPa v p sut d khng nh hn 2,7 kPa, nhit 30 250 C v s vng quay ca trc n 500 vng/ pht. Nh cc vng m ny m ngn nga c s r r mi trng hay s xm nhp khng kh vo khoang thit b v tr nh ra ca trc. Vng bt kn khi tip xc vi mi trng lm vic c ch to bng thp X18H10T v X17H13M2T, cng nh bng titan BT-10. Thi gian hot ng n nh ca cc vng ny khng nh hn 2000 h khi tui th 8000 h. o hng knh cho php ca trc trong vng m kn khng ln hn 0,25 mm, o chiu trc ca trc khng ln hn 0,250. sn xut ln cc cht hot ho sinh hc bng tng hp vi sinh, vic ng dng cc thit b ln men c th tch 63 m3 l khng kinh t. Thit b ln men c th tch 100 m3 c sn xut c. Loi ny thuc thit b xilanh c b dn ng di cho c cu o trn. C cu o trn vi hai s vng quay ca trc - 120 v 180 vng/ pht. Theo du hiu v kt cu n gn ging vi thit b ln men c th tch 63 m3. Bo v vng bt kn ca trc bng ca van du, c tit trng nhit n 1400C. Ngoi ra cn c bt kn d phng m mt cch t ng khi trc ngng hot ng, nhm bo v vng bt kn chnh ca trc v cho php thay i vng bt kn chnh trong qu trnh nui cy khng ph hu tit trng ca canh trng. Trn trc lp ba my khuy o kiu tuabin dng m vi ng knh t 820 n 1100 mm. Thit b ln men c b mt trao i nhit bn trong v bn ngoi thi nhit.

198

Np liu Cy
Dung dch chun

Khng kh N

33

33 34 Tho 40 Th 36 N N

Hi
Khng kh tit trng Rt nc ngng

Ly mu

36

Hnh 10.2. S ch dn thao tc ca thit b ln men: 1- Hi vo; 2- Khng kh tit trng vo; 3- Khng kh tit trng hay hi vo vng bt kn; 4- Thot hi hay khng kh tit trng ti b si bt; 5- Hi hay khng kh tit trng vo thit b phn trn; 6- Thi hi hay khng kh tit trng ti b ly mu th nghim; 7- Thi hi hay khng kh tit trng; 8- C cu ng nhnh c van iu chnh bng kh ng hc; 9- Np hi hay khng kh tit trng vo thit b phn di; 10- Tho nc ngng; 11- Ap k; 12- Van; 13- ng tho; 14- Van kho; 15- Van ly mu; 16- Np hi hay khng kh tit trng khi ly mu; 17- on ng ni p k kim tra; 18, 25- Cc p k; 19- Van np vt liu cy; 20- Np canh trng; 21, 23- Np dung dch chun; 22- Thi hi hay khng kh t vng bt kn; 24- ng nhnh np dung dch chun; 26Cung cp kh thi t thit b; 27- Cung cp nc; 28- Van rt; 29- Van rt nc t o; 30- Van np nc lnh; 31- ng nhnh np nc lnh; 32- Lc; 33- Ap k; 34- Van an ton; 35- Cm bin nhit ; 36, 37- Cc dng c th cp o nhit v pH; 38- Cm bin pH met; 39- Thit b ln men; 40- C cu lm sch khng kh c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men c sn xut c: Th tch, m3: hnh hc: lm vic: Din tch b mt, m2: bn ngoi: 89 199 100 70

bn trong: Ap sut lm vic, MPa: trong thit b: trong ng xon: Cng sut ca b dn ng, kW: ng knh, mm: Chiu cao thit b v b dn ng, mm:

77 0,29 0,4 120/180 3600 14270

Thit b ln men ca Hng Nordon (Php). Kt cu ca loi thit b ln men ny khc vi cc loi nu ch c cu phn o nm di trc gm 6 cnh iu chnh c tit din hnh ch nht, cn c cu c hc kh bt nm pha trn gm hai cnh (tit din hnh ch nht) c cc g cng. Khi nui cy nm mc, cc cnh ca c cu 0 chuyn o c nghing di mt gc 33 34 . Hnh 10.3 m t s bt kn trc nh 6 lp m vng kht c gia cng s b dung dch 0,5 % phenol tinh th. Cc lp p cht li trong ng bc nh cc guging (vt cy). m vng kht 2 chn lp gia trc 1 v cc t l 3. Hai khp ni 8 c dn ti cc l cc. Hi np theo cc khp ni ny tit trng cc vng bt. Tit trng nhit 1350C trong 1 h. Nc ngng chy vo phn di v c thi ra qua khp ni 9. Khi kt thc qu trnh tit trng khp tho nc ngng c ng li v khng kh tit trng qua khp 5 vo c cu bt kn. Trong thi gian ca qu trnh nui cy, p sut khng kh c gi mc 0,2 0,4 MPa. Sau khi tit trng thit b v h p sut n p sut kh quyn th np t ng khng kh tit trng to p sut 0,2 MPa, v ch c sau mi np nc lm lnh vo thit b. Tho cht lng canh trng ra khi thit b nh khng kh nn c tit trng.

Hnh 10.3. Bt kn trc ca thit b ln men: 1- Trc; 2- m vng kn; 3- Cc t l; 4- V ca b nt kn; 5- Khp ni dn khng kh tit trng; 6- ng lt p; 7- Guging; 8- Khp ni np kh; 9- Khp ni thi nc ngng

200

Bng 10.1. c im k thut ca cc thit b ln men ca Hng Nordon c o trn c hc

Th tch, m
3

S vng quay ca c cu trn vng/pht T 150 dn 500 250 170 175 160 120

ng knh, mm 2000 1100 1900 2400 2900 2800

Chiu cao, mm 3260 3910 6350 8299 10650 12150

Cng sut ng c, kW 7,5 18,5 22,5 30,0 225,0

(1)

2 3 15 32 60 120

225,0

Ghi ch:

(1)

Cng sut in c nu trn ch trong trng hp s dng thit b ln men nui cy nm mc - cho sn phm amiloglucozidaza.

10.1.2. Cc thit b ln men c o trn bng kh ng hc v thng gi mi trng Cc thit b m bn trong n c trang b cc vi phun, ng khuch tn, cc b lm si bt np khng kh u thuc loi ny. Khng kh vo c s dng khuy trn canh trng, m bo nhu cu oxy cho vi sinh vt v thi cc cht chuyn ho to thnh. Thit b ln men dng xilanh. Thit b loi ny v kt cu bn ngoi tng t nh thit b ln men c khuy trn bng c hc, nhng bn trong khng c c cu khuy trn bng c hc. ng khuch tn dng xilanh 9 c ming loa y, c lp bn trong thit b. My thng gi 2 c lp theo ng tm ca thit b. Nh cc cnh hng, khng kh c p sut c a vo my thng gi theo tip tuyn n tn phu trn lm Hnh 10.4. Thit b ln men dng xilanh c o trn bng kh ng hc v thi kh mi trng: 1- Khp ni tho; 2- Thit b thi kh; 3- ng xon; 4- Ca; 5- Khp ni np khng kh; 6- Khp thi khng kh; 7- Khp np liu; 8- Cu thang; 9- ng khuch tn; 10- Ao; 11- Thnh thit b; 12- ng qu p cho nh tng khng kh - cht lng chuyn ng xoy. Nh tng tun hon lin tc theo vng 201

khp kn bn trong theo mp bin ca xilanh, vng khng gian gia tng trong v tng ngoi thit b, sau mt ln na li ln trn qua ming loa. Vic chuyn o v thi kh mnh do to ra vng tun hon bn trong. thi nhit sinh l c kt qu hn, ngoi o 10 c nhiu ngn cn b sung b mt lm lnh ca ng khuch tn 9. Kt cu ca thit b ln men c tnh ton cho hot ng di p sut d. c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men c o trn bng kh ng hc. Th tch ca thit b ln men, m3: Ap sut lm vic, MPa: H s cha y: Tc thot khng kh t thit b thng gi, m/s: Tiu hao khng kh, m3 cho 1 m3 canh trng vi sinh vt: 25, 49, 63, 200 0,2 0,3 0,5 25 0,5 0,2

Loi ny c th tch lm vic nh hn so vi cc thit b ln men o trn bng c hc, c hot ng vi mi trng ln bt mnh. Chng c p dng trong nhng trng hp khi ging sinh vt khng cn phi khuy trn mnh v nht khng ln. Cc thit b ln men dng ng. Loi thit b ny dng tng cng trao i khi, gim tiu hao n v ca khng kh nn tit trng v tng tc tng hp sinh hc cc cht hot ho. Kt cu ca cc loi thit b ln men cho php thc hin qu trnh nui cy chm khi vn tc di ca dng mi trng bng 2 m/s v ln hn. Thit b ln men dng ng (hnh 10.5) bao gm khi tr ng 7, bn trong c c cu chuyn o 8 c lp cht trn trc, ng tun hon, thit b thi kh, bung trao i nhit 5, cc on ng np mi trng dinh dng, cc on ng np khng kh, rt canh trng 13 v thi kh 16. phn di ca ng tun hon c lp c cu chuyn i 8 dng vt. Cc cnh hng c phn b trn v di vt: cc cnh trn thng ng, cn cc cnh di nghing. H tun hon ca thit b ln men gm my phun c ni vi phn di ca thit b, bm v cc ng ng. ng tun hon 15 c dng thit b trao i nhit dng ng c hai ng gp. Bn trong ng gp trn c hai vch c c nh v trong mt phng xuyn tm, cn bn trong ng gp di khng c vch. Ngoi ra b trao i nhit dng ng cn c cc ng trao i nhit nm gia cc ng gp thng nhau v ni nhau bi cc tng chn. Bung trao i nhit c lp cht trong gi c hai bch v c th tho lp d dng sa cha. B kh bt bng phng php c hc 4 c g trn np thit b ln men 3. B dn ng cho thit b kh bt 2 v bn ca ra bng phng php c hc, u c lp trn np.

202

Hnh 10.5. Thit b ln men dng trao i khi mnh BO - 40 - 0,6: 1- ng cung cp kh thi; 2- B dn ng kn; 3- Np; 4- C cu kh bt; 5Ming m vi bung trao i nhit; 6- Hp khng kh; 7- Khi tr ng; 8- C cu chuyn o; 9- ng np nc lnh; 10- ng c; 11- Bnh ai; 12- Truyn ng bng ai hnh thang; 13- C cu tho d; 14- ng thi nc; 15- Cc ng trao i nhit; 16- ng thi khng kh; 17- ng kh bt;18- Ca quan st 203

Nh truyn ng bng ai hnh thang 12, m ng c 10 lm chuyn ng vt vi s vng quay 280 350 vng/pht. m bo kn v tit trng trong qu trnh nui cy cn b tr vng bt kn trn trc ca c cu chuyn o. C cu kh bt bng c hc c lp trn trc ca b dn ng nh ng rng. Kh thot ra t cht lng c dn qua ng rng trn. C cu ny gm b a hnh nn c g. iu khin ng c ti ch v iu khin t xa ly tn hiu t bng iu khin. kho st qu trnh nui cy vi sinh vt, trn tng thit b phn b su ca quan st 8. Thit b c thit k hot ng vi p lc n 0,3 MPa. Cc b phn t ng dng iu chnh cc thng s c bn ca qu trnh: nhit canh trng bn trong thit b - theo s bin i tiu hao nc lnh trong phng trao i nhit; lng cht lng - theo s bin i thot ra ca cht lng canh trng; nng ion hydro - theo s m v tt ca bm nh lng np kim hay axit; nng oxy ho tan trong mi trng theo s bin i tiu hao khng kh tit trng; tiu hao mi trng dinh dng - theo s bin i mi trng dinh dng vo thit b v nng sinh khi theo s bin i tiu hao mi trng dinh dng. Kt cu ca thit b cng c kh nng kim tra tiu hao nc lnh, mc ng ho nit, nng CO2 v O2, m khng kh, nhit v p lc trong nhng im ring bit ca thit b. Thit b ln men ny c th hot ng gin on hay lin tc. Khi kt thc qu trnh tit trng v lm lnh ca thit b v ca cc c cu ph, th rt y mi trng dinh dng tit trng v tin hnh cho hot ng c cu chuyn o thc hin tun hon mi trng theo vng khp kn. Np khng kh nn mt cch lin tc qua thit b thi kh vo khng gian gia tng v ng tun hon. Khng kh cun ht cht lng thnh dng, p v ra thnh bt nh v c khuy trn mnh vi mi trng, to ra hn hp ng ho gi. Chuyn ng quay ca mi trng c to nn trong ng tun hon nh cc cnh hng, kt qu to ra vng xoy trung tm c hm lng kh cao. Nh ma st cht lng vi phn g ca cc ng trong b trao i nhit m s chy ri ca cc lp bin c duy tr. Khng kh thi c tch ra khi cht lng v c thi ra qua ng lt rng ca thit b kh bt. tng cng qu trnh cn np mi trng dinh dng vo thit b qua my phun. Bm ht cht lng canh trng v y qua vi phun ca my phun, cho nn mc phn tn ca cht dinh dng t c rt cao v to ra b mt tip xc ca cc pha rt ln. S tun hon nhiu ln ca canh trng trong vng khp kn vi cc b mt nh hnh tt, bo m hiu sut cao ca qu trnh v bo m tnh ng nht ca hn hp trong khng gian vng tun hon. Bung trao i nhit bo m tt tc chy ca tc nhn lnh cao lm cho h s trao i nhit ln. B trao i nhit kiu chm ng trong 204

ng gp cho php tng b mt n v lm lnh khong 10 ln ln hn khi truyn nng lng qua tng thit b. H s truyn nhit c tng ln mt s ln v t gn 3900 2 W/(m K). c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men dng ng: H s cha y: Th tch, m3: Lng mi trng c np, m3: Ap sut, MPa: trong tng: trong phng trao i nhit v trong o ngoi: trong thit b: Cng sut b dn ng, kW: cho c cu khuy trn: cho c cu kh bt: S vng quay ca trc, vng/pht: cho c cu khuy trn: cho c cu kh bt: Kch thc c bn, mm: 350 v 200 1500 4600260012000 40 125 0,1 0,6 0,6 0,3 0,6 0,7 40 n 28

10.2. CC THIT B LN MEN KHNG I HI TIT TRNG CC QU TRNH NUI CY VI SINH VT Cc qu trnh nui cy sn sinh ra cc nm men gia sc thuc cc qu trnh nui cy vi sinh vt khng tit trng. Theo kt cu cc thit b ln men, sn xut nm men tng t nh cc thit b sn xut enzim, cc khng sinh chn nui, cc aminoaxit v cc sn phm tng hp khc, nhng khng c s bo v hi v khng kh ca trc quay v mt s b phn kt cu. Trong nhiu trng hp sn xut nm men gia sc, ng dng cc thit b c s dng trong cc qu trnh tit trng. 10.2.1. Cc thit b ln men c o trn bng kh ng hc v ng vin tun hon bn trong Cc thit b nui cy nm men dng phng php bm dng bng kh nn ca h thng Lephrancia c ng vin tun hon bn trong c ng dng ph bin nht. Trong sn xut nm men thu phn thng ng dng cc thit b loi ny c sc cha 205

250, 320, 600 v 1300 m3. Kt cu cc thit b ln men khng c cc thit b c hc kh bt. Bt c kh di trng lc ca ct cht lng khi tun hon. Khng kh vo thit b theo ng trung tm vo chu, ti y hn hp kh - cht lng c to thnh t nc hoa qu np vo v t cht lng phn di thit b. Hn hp trn c chuyn ng theo ng khuch tn bn trong. Mt phn khng kh c tch ra khi bt v thi ra kh quyn qua l np thit b, cn mt phn khc cng vi bt h xung theo ng rnh vng gia ng khuch tn v tng. Khi chuyn ng xung di bt b kh. bi tun hon t cao 1,5 2 th tch cht lng hot ng trong mt pht. Cc thit b cng nghip c chiu cao 12 15 m. Bt dng cao ln 10 12 m. Tin hnh lm ngui thit b ln men bng ti nc tng ngoi v np nc vo o ca ng khuch tn. Tiu hao khng kh cho 1 kg nm men kh l 20 m3. c tnh k thut ca cc thit b ln men cng nghip hot ng p sut kh quyn c gii thiu bng 10.2. Bng 10.2. c tnh k thut ca cc thit b ln men c o trn bng kh ng hc v khi kh sn xut nm men gia sc
Th tch ca thit b, m Cc ch s 320 Nng sut theo lng nc hoa qu chy, m3/h Mi trng Tiu hao khng kh, m3/h Ap sut d ca khng kh, kg lc / cm2 B mt lm lnh ca o ng khuch tn, m2 Kch thc c bn, mm 30 570013350 0,6 0,75 0,4 0,6 500 600 1300
3

20 30 pH 4,5 n 5000 9000

30 35 pH 3,54,5 1400016000

55 62 pH 4,24,5 18000

503=150 760011200

58 740014175

504=200 1100014500

10.2.2. Thit b ln men hnh tr c b phn bm dng bng kh nn vi sc cha 1300 m3 Thit b loi ny c dng nui cy nm men mt cch lin tc trong nc qu. N gm c v thp hn, y hnh nn ct v np hnh nn c l chnh gia (hnh 10.6). 206

Nc

Cht lng canh trng Nc

Vo h thng cng thot nc

Hnh 10.6. Thit b ln men hnh tr c b phn Bn ng khuch tn 7 c lp bn trong thit b to ra bn dng tun hon c lp. Khng kh nn c y qua ng gp 2 vo cc ng trung tm ca mi ng khuch tn, cui ng trung tm c cn v chu 8. Thng phn phi c t trn np thit b, dch ln men, nc qu, nm men v nc amoniac cho vo cc ng khp ni 3, 4, 5. Tt c cc cu t c trn li v to ra mt dung dch dinh dng v theo cc ng ng c ng knh 100 mm chy xung di cc chu ca thit b thi kh. Hn hp dinh dng khi chy trn qua mp chu c khuy trn vi khng kh thot qua khe di chu. Nh tng khng kh - cht lng c to thnh dng ln theo ng khuch tn n tm chn 6 th b ph v v chy xung di. Dng thit b ti dng ng gp lm lnh tng ngoi thit b.

207

10.2.3. Thit b ln men dng thp Cc thit b ln men ny bao gm loi a v loi khng c cc c cu chuyn o nm ngang. S khc bit ca loi thit b ny so vi cc loi thit b c nu cc phn trn l tr s t s gia chiu cao v ng knh rt ln. Thit b dng thp c nhiu trin vng bi kt cu n gin, kh nng tng cng qu trnh sinh tng hp v cng sut n v ln. u im v kt cu ca thit b dng thp l khng c cc phn quay chuyn ng v din tch chim ch nh. Thit b ln men dng phun. Thit b ln men ca c vi s trao i khi mnh. C th tch n 10003, s dng phng php cc tia ngm. Hot ng ca thit b (hnh 10.7) c m t di y: bm ly tm c chc nng kh kh, y cht lng n ca vo ca thit b ln men dng ng. Cht lng chy xung dc theo tng ng dng dng vng khuyn. Dng chy ri u cui nm ngang mc b mt cht lng ca hn hp b tht li trong tit din ngang ca ng v t chy thnh dng tia to ra vng p sut thp. Khi to hn hp ng ho vi cht lng th khng kh c ht qua l nh khoang trong vng p sut thp. Cht lng si bt ( dng tia xm nhp t do, do d tr nng lng ng hc) n y ca thit b ln men, to ra trng ri mnh trong dung dch canh trng. Cc bt kh t y thit b ni ln b mt, mt ln na qua trng ri c to ra t cc tia xm nhp t do. Nh h thi kh tng t nh th c th m bo cung cp oxy cho cc thit b ln men loi ln c th tch n 2000 m3, khi cng khuy mnh. c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men dng phun nui cy nm mc c gii thiu bng 10.3. Khi tc chuyn ng ca cc dng tia 8 12 m/s v p sut khng i th s phn tn ca khng kh s t c tt. Nh tc ng phun vng vo ca dng, nh chuyn ng im tng ca thit b v nh o trn cc bt kh m thc hin vic la chn thch hp cho xung lng ca dng np t do, nhm bo m s khuy trn mnh canh trng nui cy. Cc bt khng kh trong lung hu nh hon ton n y thit b, cn khi ni ln b mt thit b chng b ph hu bi trng ri Trong trng hp gim lng cht lng tun hon th s phn tn khng kh c tng ln ng k v n c phn b u theo ton th tch thit b. Tc trao i kh tng tuyn tnh vi s tng dng cht lng tun hon v tiu hao nng lng trong mt khong hot ng rng. Cho nn qu trnh thi kh c th iu chnh bi tc truyn kh. Trong cc thit b c kt cu c nu trn, nhu cu v nng lng np khng kh rt nh v nng lng ca dng tun hon s bo m ri cn thit trao i khi. Nhng iu kin cn thit trao i khi mnh trong thit b l: ri cao, s

208

phn tn khng kh tt, thi gian c mt ca khng kh trong canh trng lu v ng ho mi trng cao.

Hnh 10.7. Thit b ln men dng phun: 1- Ca khng kh vo; 2- ng ng khng kh thi; 3- Hm tho nc; 4- Tng thit b; 5- ng ng c p; 6- ng ng ht; 7- Bm tun hon 209

Bng 10.3. c tnh k thut ca cc thit b ln men dng phun sn xut c

Th tch ca thit b ln men, m3 Cc ch s 200 Nng sut ca thit b ln men (tnh theo cht kh tuyt i), kg/h Th tch cht lng si bt, m3 Dung lng ca thit b, tn Nng sut ca cc bm tun hon, tn/h Bi s tun hon ca cc bm, th tch trong 1 h S lng bm Tiu th nng lng in cho cc bm thi kh v ng ho, kW.h Tiu hao khng kh trong khoang si bt c p sut gim, Nm3/h Kch thc,mm ng knh chiu cao phn tr 6000 7500 8000 8000 11500 1050 1 125 135 2 210 220 10 2200 250 400 370 1000

180 80 2500 30

350 130 400 4400 26 30 110

3600

5000

60000

Bm tun hon l b phn chnh ca ton h. Phng php lung ngm c hiu qu c bit i vi cc qu trnh c tc trao i khi cao. Trong trng hp t hp tng ca cc thit b hay khi phn chia bn trong thit b c sc cha ln ra thnh 2 3 phn v tt c cc ngn c ni li nh cc mng rt mi trng theo chy t trn xung mng di, mi ln chy nh th c bo ho oxy ca khng kh. Lng cht tun hon c hn ch bi s cp liu ca bm chuyn. Khi phn b thnh ba tng lng bm cn thit cho thit b mt tng vi chiu cao chuyn l bi s 3 th rt ngn c 3 ln. Bt c to thnh trong qu trnh thi kh cng c chuyn xung di, cho nn c cu kh bt c nh v phn di ca thit b. Tin hnh thi nhit sinh l trong b trao i nhit c bit. ng dng dng thit b trn nui cy vi sinh vt trong iu kin tit trng rt phc tp v do kh khn v kn ca cc bm tun hon, nhng tin li i vi qu trnh tit trng bng hi. Nhng c nhng u im: c cu n gin, dung lng ln, bo m thi kh mnh v m bo truyn khi m khng cn c cu o trn, lm cho kt cu ny tr nn c trin vng trong cng nghip vi sinh. 210

10.2.4. Cc thit b ln men c h thng gi dng phun Loi thit b ny c ng dng nui cy chng nm men c bit trn mi trng dinh dng cha parafin lng. Thit b ln men -50. Kt cu ca thit b c dng dung lng xilanh ng vi sc cha 800 m3 (h s cha y 0,4), c chia thnh 12 ngn (hnh 10.8). Mi ngn c c cu khuy trn v thi kh. Thit b c trang b cc b o trn thc hin chc nng khuy trn pha lng v cung cp khng kh. Trong qu trnh quay ca b o trn v tr thot cht lng, khng kh c ht vo, vng h p c to ra. Khi khng kh ho mnh vo cht lng, lm bo ho oxy cht lng.

Hnh 10.8. Thit b ln men -50: 1- Rnh vng; 2- ng thng gi; 3- B kh bt; 4- B phn ly; 5- Xilanh; 6- Dn ng; 7- B trao i nhit; 8- ng khuch tn; 9- Cc xilanh; 10- C cu phun c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men -50: Nng sut ca thit b tnh theo sinh khi kh tuyt i, tn/ngy Nng sut thit b khi g t trung tm 13 ngn, tn/ngy: Dng cht lng, m3/h: Dung tch, m3: khi cha hot ng: 800 211 27,0 30 37,5

khi hot ng:

0 Nhit hot ng, C:

320 32 34 2700 3000 36160 12 3,5

Din tch b mt trao i nhit, m2: Tiu hao khng kh, m3/h: S lng c cu thng gi: Cng sut ng c, kW:

Thit b nui cy nm men trn mi trng rn -76-900 nui nm men parafin. Hin ti loi kt cu ny c thc nghim rng ri trong cc nh my sn xut cht c cha vitamin v protein. Thit b ln men (hnh 10.9) gm v 1; vng tun hon t l 2; ng khuch tn trung tm 5; cc c cu thi kh 3 c lp trong vng tun hon t l v trong ng khuch tn trung tm; cc b trao i nhit 7 v b tch git 4. ng c 6 dn ng cho cc c cu thi kh. Np vo thit b mi trng dinh dng cha parafin, mui khong, cc nguyn t vi lng, nc amoniac, v tho thnh phm ra khi b phn ly qua khp ni. Np khng kh thi cho canh trng bng phng php t ht. Khi cc b thng gi sc kh cho mi trng th s trao i khi c xy ra qua b trao i nhit to ra nhng dng ln xung. V thit b c ch to bng thp khng g, hai lp, cn cc b trao i nhit, cc c cu trao i kh v cc vch ngn - bng thp nguyn khi.

Hnh 10.9. Thit b nui cy nm men trn mi trng rn -76-900 c tnh k thut ca thit b ln men -76-900 Nng sut thit b, tn/ngy: 212 30 36

Dung lng, m3: khi cha hot ng: khi hot ng: Ap sut, MPa:
0 Nhit hot ng, C:

900 450 0,02 32 34 4,2 4,4 2700

3

Mi trng, pH: Din tch b mt trao i nhit, m2: Tiu hao khng kh ( iu kin bnh thng), m /h: S lng cc c cu thi kh: Cng sut ng c in, kW: Kch thc c bn, mm: 17000170006500 Khi lng, tn:

54000 13 315

535

Nhc im ca thit b ln men c h phun ch: trc thit b b rung ng; nhim bn b mt trao i nhit v gim h s trao i nhit. 10.2.5. Thit b ln men trao i khi mnh Mc ch chnh ca loi thit b ny l tng nng vi sinh vt trong dung dch canh trng, tng iu kin thi kh v tng nng sut thit b. Thit b (hnh 10.10) l mt dung lng xilanh 17, bn trong lp xilanh hng 2. Hai on ng 4 v 18 nh v cho xilanh hng trong dung lng. on ng 18 c lp cht n y v chia dung lng ra lm hai phng: phng 19 dng nui cy canh trng, cn trong phng 20 tn dng b sung nguyn liu ban u. on ng 4 lp cch mt y ca dung lng. Bn trong xilanh hng 2 v trong khng gian gia tng dung lng v on ng 4 c b tr cc ng gp 16. Cc ng gp c lp cht bi cc ng t l 21. Trong khng gian gia xilanh hng 2 v cc on ng 18 v 4 c cc b trao i nhit 1. np khng kh n cc ng gp trong phng 19 dng ng gp phn phi 7, cn trong phng 20 - ng gp 5. phn trn ca dung lng c ng gp 14 thu nhn v lm kh bt, bn trong c lp cc a hnh nn 15. Khng kh thot ra t phng 19 qua b tch kh 9. My kh bt bng c hc 12 vi b dn hng c lp t trn cc a 15. Mi trng dinh dng c y vo thit b qua khp 6. Sinh khi c tho ra khi thit b qua khp 11, cn khng kh - qua khp ni 8 v 13. Thit b hot ng nh sau: np hn hp dinh dng ban u vo phng 19 qua khp ni 3, cn khng kh - vo thit b qua khp ni 6. Trong phng 19 xy ra nui cy sinh khi. Tun hon v o trn cht lng c thc hin bi thit b bm dng 213

bng kh nn. T phng nui cy, cht lng canh trng chy qua on ng 12 vo phng 20, ti y xy ra tn dng b sung nguyn liu. Bn trong phng 19 v 20 dung dch canh trng c thi kh nh cc ng c t nhiu l. Sinh khi tho ra khi phng cng vi pha bt c to thnh phn trn ca phng. Sau bt ni ln theo cc ng rnh gia cc a nn 15, c tch khi cht lng v c c li. Kh bt c c bng b kh bt c hc 12 v tho ra qua khp ni 11. Thi khng kh khi phng 19 qua khp ni 8 nh b tch kh 9, cn khi phng 20 - qua khp ni 13.

Hnh 10.9. Thit b cy ln men trao i khi lnh

10.3. KT CU CA CC C CU THI KH TRONG MY PHUN KIU TUABIN My phun kiu tuabin - l loi kt cu ht hai tng c cc ca trn v di np v thi dung dch. Loi ny hot ng nh sau: khng kh vo c trn vi cht lng, khi thot ra th khng kh c hng ln trn v sau khi qua b trao i nhit 214

c chia ra lm hai dng. Khi i qua phn trung tm ca c cu tun hon, dng th nht vo ca trn ca c cu phun, cn dng th hai hng xung di theo ng vin ca c cu tun hon v khi chuyn ng di y gi th vo ca di. 10.3.1. My phun kiu tuabin c cc vng t l Loi kt cu ny c dng thi kh v khuy trn mi trng ging khi nui cy vi sinh vt, c bit l nm men. Nhm mc ch n gin ho kt cu ca my phun kiu tuabin, c cu ph dng cht lng c dng vng t l, c lp gia cc cnh ca qut v cc phn to ng vin ca v my. My phun (hnh 10.11) gm v 10 c lp cht trong ng thng rng kh 1 vi cc phn to ng vin 6 hnh thnh vi phun 4; cc rnh phn b 11 bn trong vi phun hn hp kh - cht lng; qut c lp trong v gm cc a 9 v 8, cc rnh 3 gia cc a, c cu cho dng cht lng c dng vng t l 5 c lp cht gia cc cnh qut v cc phn t l ca rto. Cc cnh ca my bm dc trc y cht lng canh trng v dn vo phn chy 7 ca my phun, ti y cc vng t l 5 s to ra nhiu vng nh. Cc dng ny s phun vo khng kh c y t qut v trong vi phun 4 s to ra hn hp hi - cht lng, nh cc cnh khuy 11 hn hp b phn tn trong cht lng. Dng kh - cht lng c phn tn chy ra ngoi. Loi ny cho php lm n gin ho kt cu ca my phun, lm tt hn s phn tn khng kh v tng tc ht oxy trong cht lng. 10.3.2. My phun kiu tuabin c cc vi My phun ny c c trng bi qu trnh trao i khi tt hn, bng cch nng cao mc phn tn kh trong cht lng v tng lng kh xm nhp vo cht lng. thc hin c iu ngi ta lp cc vi trong my theo ng knh ngoi ca cc a qut nhm ph hu dng cht lng. Khi nhng on vo ca cc cnh phun hn hp kh - cht lng c phn b gia cc vi.
1

Hnh 10.11. My phun dng tuabin c cc vng t l

215 Hnh 10.12. My phun dng tuabin c cc vi

My phun kiu tuabin hnh 10.12 gm c v 8 vi cc on ng ng vin 2 hnh thnh vng, vi phun 4 c lp cht trn trc rng ca ng thng kh th 1; cc cnh phn b 10 bn trong vi phun phun hn hp kh - cht lng v qut gn trong v gm hai a 5, 6 vi cc cnh 3 gia cc a. Theo ng knh ngoi ca cc a ngi ta phn b cc vi 9 ph hu cc dng cht lng. Nhng on vo ca cc nhnh 10 phun hn hp kh - cht lng c phn b gia cc vi. Cht lng ban u c hng ti cc vi 9 nh cc cnh 7, ti y cht lng c phn chia ra mt s dng, chng tip xc vi khng kh vo t qut v y vo vi phun 4, ri tip tc phn tn kh trong cht lng nh cc cnh 10, 9. Sau cht lng bo ho khng kh c thot ra ngoi. 10.4. TNH TON THIT B LN MEN C B O TRN C HC V B LM SI BT Khi tnh ton cn xc nh cc ch s c bn v kt cu v nng lng ca thit b vi th tch chung cho. Bc u cn phi xc lp khi lng th tch , nht ng hc , h s dn nhit , p sut lm vic trong thit b khi tit trng bng hi nc, nhit dung C. Theo nghin cu ca nc ngoi, khi lng th tch ca cc mi trng dinh dng trong gii hn = 1060 1070 kg/ m3; nht ng hc - trong gii hn = 0,001 0,00155 PaS, nhit dung C = 4186 J/(kgK), h s dn nhit = 0,6 W/ (mK). tit trng mi trng dinh dng bn trong thit b, cn phi to ra p sut lm vic khng nh hn 0,2 MPa. H s cha y mi trng dinh dng ca thit b ph thuc vo thnh phn ca mi trng v vo dng vi sinh vt nui cy k = 0,5 0,65. 10.4.1. Tnh ton kt cu ca thit b ln men Th tch lm vic ca thit b V1 (m3) c tnh theo cng thc: V1 = V.k sn xut axit amin, cc cht khng sinh chn nui v cc ch phm enzim, ng knh bn trong DB = 2000 3000 mm.
B

Cc kch thc cn li ca thit b (chiu cao ca phn elip he; chiu cao gp mp h, b mt bn trong Fb; sc cha ca y Vd v chiu dy ca tng y S c ly nh sau: hc = 0,25DB ; h 2S;
B

Th tch cha hot ng ca thit b Vr tnh theo cng thc: Vr = Vx + 2Vd 216

Th tch ca phn xilanh: Vx = Vr 2Vd Chiu cao phn xilanh ca thit b:

Hx =

(V r 2V d )
F

trong : F - din tch tit din ca thit b theo ng knh trong:

2 F = 0,785 DB

Chiu cao chung ca thit b: H e = H x + 2(he + h ) 10.4.2. Tnh ton b khuy trn ca thit b ln men Khi nui cy vi sinh vt trong mi trng dinh dng lng bng phng php chm, do to sinh khi nn nht ca cht lng canh trng tng ln, cho nn s khuy trn v thi kh mi trng b xu i. Nhm tng cng s khuy trn huyn ph cho php s dng b khuy trn dng tuabin. ng knh b khuy trn dng tuabin dk (m) c tnh theo cng thc: dk = (0,3 0,33)DB
B

trong : DB- ng knh bn trong ca thit b ln men. Tra bng theo gi tr dk chn b khuy trn ti u (h khuy trn c hiu sut cao). Cc dng c cu khuy trn cho cht lng c nht khc nhau c nu trong bng 10.4. Bng 10.4. Tc bin ti u ca cc c cu khuy trn ph thuc vo nht ca mi trng c khuy trn
C cu khuy trn Cnh, neo, gi nht ca mi trng Pa.s 0,001 4 48 8 15 Dng tuabin 0,001 5 5 15 15 25 Chong chng 0,001 2 Vn tc bin ti u ca b khuy trn, m/s 3,0 2,0 2,5 1,5 1,5 1,0 7 4,2 4,3 3,4 3,4 2,3 4,8 16

217

S vng quay ca b khuy trn (vng/pht) :

n1 =

d k

Theo gi tr nhn c ca s vng quay, chn tc thc t ca n. Chn b truyn ng trong bng tra cu theo gi tr c nhn ca s vng quay. Cng sut tiu th (kW) khi my khuy hot ng khuy trn canh trng khng cp n s nh hng ca cc c cu ph:
5 N M = K N c n 3d k

trong : KN - chun cng sut, ph thuc vo cng o trn v c c trng bi chun ly tm Reynolds (Re);

c - t trng mi trng;
n - s my khuy trn; dk - ng knh my, m.
2 c ndk Re1 = c

trong : c - nht ng hc ca mi trng. Cng sut tnh ton cho trc my trn, kW:
N P = k 1k 2 ( k + 1)N M

trong : k1 - h s cha y canh trng ca thit b; k2 - h s c tnh n s tng cng sut do tng sc cn ca mi trng trong qu trnh pht trin ca mi trng (k2 = 1,1);

k - h s tnh n s tng cng sut tiu th vt thng sc cn gy ra do cc c cu ph :

k1 =

H1 DB

trong : H1- chiu cao ca lp cht lng c khuy trn (i vi cc my khuy trn dng tuabin, H1 = 0,75 Ht.b). V vo chu k pht trin ca mt s chng to ra bt, trnh s to bt, ly H1= 0,65 Ht.b. Khi tnh cng sut lm vic ca b khuy o cn phi tnh n nng sut thng sc cn do cc c cu ph gy nn. 218

 thc hin iu kin cn phi a vo h s k:

k = kn + kM + kTP + kT
trong : kn - h s cn ca vch ngn phn x; kM - h s cn ca b khung trn ph; kTP - h s cn ca ng np khng kh; kT - h s cn ca ng lt trc cm nhit k. Tr s kn, kM, kTP v kT ph thuc vo dng my khuy c nu trong bng 10.5 Bng 10.5. Tr s cc h s k xt ti s tng cng sut ca my khuy do tn ti trong thit b cc c cu ph
Dng c cu khuy trn C cu ph Cnh Neo v gi Tuabin Chong chng

Bn vch ngn phn x c b dy B = 0,08DB, c phn b tng thit b

B

1,5

0,5

Mt cnh ph nm ngang bng cnh ca c cu chuyn o chnh (theo kch thc) ng cho dung dch qu p ng bc lt cm nhit k hay dng c o mc kiu phao Hai ng ng, c lp cch nhau mt gc hn 900 Rut xon cun phi c lp dc tng theo tng xilanh thit b ng xon c lp y thit b, khi ng knh ca ng 0,033 0,54 m Cc chi tit gia c cc ng khuch tn 0,35 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,05

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,15

2,0

2,5 3,0 -

0,05

Cng sut thng ma st trong vng chn du ca trc:

219

Nc =

2 2ndB Sc P e

h 0,1 c Sc

trong : n v dB - s vng quay, vng/pht v ng knh ca trc, m; Sc - chiu dy ming m vng chn du ca trc; P - p sut lm vic ca khng kh trong thit b trn mc lng, Pa; hc - chiu cao ming m vng chn du, m: (hc = 6Sc). xc nh Nc c th ly P = 0,1 MPa. Xc nh ng knh trc dn ca my khuy theo cng thc gn ng, xut pht t bn chu xon ca trc:
d B = 1,7 3 Mx + CM CP

trong : Mx - mmen xon trn trc my khuy, N m;

- ng sut tip cho php i vi vt liu trc chu xon; CP

CM - hiu chnh r r, xi mn vt liu, m. M men xon trn trc my khuy:
N M x = 0,163 P n

trong : NP - cng sut tnh cho trc; n - h s an ton. m bo bn cn phi nhn i lng nhn c theo tnh ton dB vi h s . 1,25 v nhn c d B
B

cn xc nh ng knh on trc nm cao hn tuabin nh pha di d B vi h s 1,07. xc nh ng knh ca trc nm cao hn tuabin nhn i lng d B vi h s 1,14. khi lu lng qua vng chn du cn nhn tr s d B nh pha trn d B

Trc c ch to bng thp CT45. Gii hn bn ca thp CT45 l b = 610 MN/m2 (xp x 62 kG/ mm2), h s an ton nB = 2,6. ng sut cho php c xc nh theo t s gia bn gii hn v h s an ton, ta c :

[ ] = b
nB

220

ng sut tip cho php: [ ] = 0,6[ ] . ng sut cho php i vi cc trc ca cc c cu khuy trn :

[ ] = 0,5[ ] .
B dy ca ming m vng chn du (mm):
Sc = 0,044 d B - ng knh ca trc, m. trong : d B

Sau xc nh lc nn ln ming m:

= (d B + Sc ) Sc P e PC

h 0,4 c Sc

trong : P - Ap sut cho php trong thit b khi tit trng, Pa. Cng sut c thit lp cui cng NTL (kW) ca ng c dn ng cho my khuy trn c tnh theo cng thc:

N TL = 1,15

(N P + N C )

- hiu sut truyn ng ca b truyn.

Sau theo tr s NTL chn dn ng ng, dng ng c, cng sut ca n v s vng quay. 10.4.3. Cn bng nhit cho cc thit b ln men Trong qu trnh hot ng ca vi sinh vt trong thit b, mt lng nhit c thot ra. S pht trin ging b chm li khi tng nhit canh trng, cn sau c kh nng vi sinh vt b cht. ngn nga hin tng cc thit b ln men cn phi trang b cc c cu thi nhit (ng xon, o, cc ng nhit). Lng nhit thi ra t canh trng v tiu hao nc lm lnh c xc nh t cn bng nhit.
Thu nhit Vi mi trng dinh dng: Q1 = GnCntn Nhit sinh hc c gii phng khi pht trin canh trng: Q2 = qp Vi nc lm lnh: Q3 = GBCBt1B Vi nc lm lnh: Q6 = GBCBt2B Tiu hao nhit Vi canh trng thnh phm: QS = GkCktk

221

Vi khng kh thi; Q4 = Li1

Vi khng kh thi: Q7 = Li2 Tn tht nhit vo mi trng xung quanh Q8 = 3600 Fat

trong : Gn , GB v Gk - khi lng mi trng dinh dng, nc lm lnh v canh trng thnh phm, kg; Cn , CB , v Ck - nhit dung ring ca mi trng dinh dng, nc lm lnh v canh trng thnh phm, kJ/(kgK); tn , tk , t1B v t2B - nhit ca mi trng dinh dng, canh trng thnh phm, nc lm lnh u v cui, K; q - lng nhit trung bnh c gii phng khi mc tng sinh khi ca chng vi sinh vt, kJ/kg; p - mc tng sinh khi sinh vt, kg/h; L - lng khng kh c thi, kg/h; i1v i2 - entanpi ca khng kh mi v khng kh thi, kJ/kg; Fa - din tch b mt ca thit b ln men, m2;

- h s thi nhit t b mt thit b vo mi trng xung quanh kW/(m2K);

t - hiu trung bnh nhit ca canh trng pht trin v khng kh xung quanh thit b, K.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thit b ln men c dng:
G BC B (t 2B t 1B ) = Q1 + Q2 Q5 Q8 L (i 2 i 1 )

t Q1 + Q2 Q5 Q8 L (i 2 i 1 ) = Q , khi tiu hao nc lm lnh (kg/h):

GB =

C B (t 2B t 1B )

Din tch b mt truyn nhit ca thit b ln men, (m2):

F =
trong : K - h s truyn nhit, W/(m2K);

Q 3600 K t

t - hiu trung bnh nhit ca canh trng pht trin v nc lm lnh, 0C:

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K =

1 1 1 + + 2 1

i lng thi nhit 2 i vi nc c xc nh ph thuc vo chun Re. Xc nh c i lng thi nhit t tng ti mi trng pht trin 1 s b phc tp do s tn ti trong mi trng mt lng ln khng kh phn tn ra thnh nhng bt nh v lm gim iu kin thi nhit. Cho nn vi sai s xc nh, c th s dng phng trnh thc nghim xc nh thi nhit t b mt ca ng n cc dung dch ng v r ng theo t trng v nht khi i lu t nhin:

1 = 2850 3

(t CT t T )

trong : tCT v tT - nhit ca canh trng pht trin v nhit ca tng o, 0C;

- nht ng hc ca mi trng, PaS.

nht dung dch r ng long c th tnh theo cng thc:

= (1,2 + 0,046B 0,0014Bt ) 103

trong : B - nng ca dung dch, %, t - nhit ca dung dch, 0C. Trn c s ca cc s liu thc nghim i vi thit b ln men c o lnh, c tnh 2 n s nhim bn tng c th ly k = 3000 W/(m K). Tiu hao khng kh thi canh trng pht trin trong gii hn 60 120 m3/ (hm3).

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