Abstract/Excerpt Summary: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various

tools like observation, perception, [...]

Summary: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various tools like observation, perception, history-taking given by the patient/atten ant, clinical e!amination etc. in or er to fin a reme y for the patient using our kno"le ge of #omeopathic $ateria $e ica, %rganon of $e icine, an &eparatory. Index ''''An Overview of Case-Takin ! ! ! ( ( ( "efinition Ob#ectives "r$ S$ %a&nemann's (uide)ines *ap&$ +, to -./0

A 1road Sc&eme of Case-Takin (ist of Case-Takin %omeopat&ic Case-Takin and 2at&o)o ica) "ia nosis 34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose A 5ote on Tota)ity of Symptoms 34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose 3(uide)ines of "r$ Samue) %a&nemnn

An Overview of Case Takin

"efinition: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various tools like observation, perception, history-taking given by the patient/atten ant, clinical e!amination etc. in or er to fin a reme y for the patient using our kno"le ge of #omeopathic $ateria $e ica, %rganon of $e icine, an &eparatory.

)ccor ing to *r. Stuart Close: +,he purpose of homeopathic e!amination is to bring out the symptoms of the patient in such a "ay as to permit their comparison "ith the symptoms of the materia me ica for the purpose of selecting the similar or #omeopathic reme y. Ob#ective of Case-Takin : Collection of all the facts pertaining to the patient, "hich may help in reaching to the totality of the patient an thereby help in fin ing the correct similimum. -t is also sai that a case we)) taken is a case &a)f cured. "r$ Samue) %a&nemenn's uide)ines re ardin t&e art of case-takin *r. #ahnemann in his .%rganon of $e icine/, aphorisms 01-234, has given the follo"ing instructions regar ing the metho of case-taking: 501: ,his in ivi uali6ing e!amination of a case of isease, for "hich - shall only give in this place general irections, of "hich the practitioner "ill bear in min only "hat is applicable for each in ivi uali6ing case, eman s of the physician nothing but free om from pre7u ice an soun senses, attention to observing an fi elity in tracing the picture of the isease. 504: ,he patient etails the history of his sufferings8 those about him tell "hat hear him complain, of ho" he has behave an "hat they have notice in him, the physician sees, hears, an remarks by his other senses "hat there is of an altere or unusual character about him. #e "rites o"n accurately all that the patients an his frien s have tol him in the very e!pressions use by them. 9eeping silence himself he allo"s them to say all they have to say, an refrains from interrupting them unless they "an er off to other matters. ,he physician a vises them at the beginning of the e!amination to speak slo"ly, in or er that he may take o"n in "riting the important parts of "hat the speakers say. 50:: #e begins a fresh line "ith every ne" circumstance mentione by the patient or his frien s, so that the symptoms shall be all arrange separately one belo" the other. #e can thus a to any one, that may at first have been relate in too vague a manner, but subse;uently more e!plicitly e!plaine . 50<: =hen the narrators have finishe "hat they "oul say of their o"n accor , the physician then reverts to each particular symptom an elicits more precise information respecting it in the follo"ing manner8 he rea s over the symptoms as they "ere relate to him one by one, an about each of them he in;uires for further particulars8 e.g., at "hat perio i his symptom occur> =hat is previous to taking the me icine he ha hitherto been using> =hilst taking the me icine> %r only some ays after leaving off the me icine> =hat kin of pain, "hat sensation e!actly, "as it that occurre on the spot> =hat "as the precise spot> *i the pain occur in fits an by itself, at various times> #o" long i it last> )t "hat time of the ay or night, an in "hat position of the bo y "as it "orst, or cease entirely> =hat "as the e!act nature of this or that event or circumstances mentione - escribing in plain "or s.

50?: )n thus the physician obtains more precise information respecting each particular etail, but "ithout ever framing his ;uestions so as to suggest the ans"er to the patient, so that he "ill be misle to ans"er yes or no8 else he "ill be misle to ans"er in the affirmative or negative something untrue, half true, or not strictly correct, either from in olence or in or er to please his interrogator, from "hich a false picture of the isease an an unsuitable mo e of treatment may result. 500: -f in these voluntary etails nothing has been mentione respecting several parts or functions of the bo y or his mental state, the physician asks "hat more can he be hol in regar to these parts an these functions, or the state of his isposition or min 8 but in oing this he only makes use of general e!pression, in or er that this informants may be oblige to enter into special etails concerning them. 50@: =hen a patient has by these etails given of his o"n accor an in ans"er to in;uiries, furnishe the re;uisite information an trace a tolerably perfect picture of the isease, the physician is at liberty an oblige to ask more precise, more special ;uestions. =hat sort of taste has he in his mouth> =hat kin of foo an rink are most relishe > =hat are most repugnant to him> #as each it/s full natural taste, or some other unusual taste> #o" oes he feel after rinking or eating> #as he anything to tell about the hea , the limbs, or the ab omen> 5@3: =hen the physician has finishe "riting o"n these particulars, he then makes a note of "hat he himself observes in the patient, an ascertains ho" much of that "as peculiar to the patient in his healthy state.

"r$ Samue) %a&nemenn's uide)ines re ardin t&e art of case-takin

5@2: ,he symptoms an feelings of the patient uring a previous course of me icine o not furnish the pure picture of the isease8 but, on the other han , those symptoms an ailments "hich he suffere from before the use of me icines or after they have been iscontinue for several ays, give the true fun amental i ea of the original form of the isease, an these especially the physician must take note of. =hen the isease is of a chronic character, an the patient has been taking me icine up to the time he is seen, the physician may "ith a vantage leave him some ays ;uite "ithout me icine, or in the meantime a minister something of an unme icinal nature an efer to a subse;uent perio the more precise scrutiny of the morbi symptoms, in or er to be able to grasp in their purity the permanent uncontaminate symptoms of the ol affection an to form a faithful picture of the isease. 5@A: But if it be a isease of a rapi course, an if its serious character a mit of no elay, the physician must content himself "ith observing the morbi con itions, altere though it may be by me icines, if he cannot ascertain "hat symptoms "ere present before the

employment of me icine, in or er that he may at least form a 7ust apprehension of the complete picture of the isease in its actual con ition, that is to say, of the con7oint mala y forme by the me icinal an original isease, "hich from the use of inappropriate rugs is generally more serious an angerous than "as the original isease, an hence eman s prompt an efficient ai , an by thus tracing out the complete picture of the isease he "ill be enable to combat it "ith a suitable homeopathic reme y, so that the patient shall not fall a sacrifice to the in7urious rugs he has s"allo"e . 5@1: -f the isease has been brought on a short time, or, in the case of a chronic affection, a consi erable time previously, by some obvious cause, then the patient-or his frien s "hen ;uestione privately-"ill mention it either spontaneously or "hen carefully interrogate . 5@4: =hen in;uiring into the state of chronic iseases, the particular circumstances of the patient "ith regar to his or inary occupation, his usual mo e of living an iet, his omestic situation, an forth, must be "ell consi ere an scrutini6e , to ascertain "hat there is in them that may ten to pro uce or to manifest isease, in or er that by their removal the recovery may be promote . 5@:: -n chronic iseases the investigation of the signs of isease above mentione , an of all others, must be pursue as carefully an circumstantially, as possible, an the uni;ue peculiarities may be atten e to, partly because in these iseases these are the most characteristic an least resemble those of acute iseases, an if a cure is tom be affecte they cannot be too accurately note 8 partly because the patients become so use to their long sufferings that they pay little or no hee to the lesser accessory symptoms, "hich are often very pregnant "ith meaning-often very useful in etermining the choice of the reme y-an regar them as almost a necessary part of their con ition, almost as health, the real meaning of "hich they have "ell-nigh forgotten in their sometimes fifteen or t"enty years of suffering, an they can scarcely bring themselves to believe that these accessory symptoms, these greater or lesser eviation from the healthy state, can have any connection "ith the principal mala y. 5@<: Besi es this, the patients themselves iffer so much in their ispositions, the some, especially the so-calle hypochon riacs an other persons of great sensitiveness an impatient of suffering, portray, their symptoms in too vivi colours an , in or er to in uce the physician to give them relief, escribe their ailments in e!aggerate e!pressions. 5@?: %ther in ivi uals of an opposite character, ho"ever, partly from false mo esty, partly from a kin of mil ness of isposition or "eakness of min , refrain from mentioning a number of their symptoms, escribing them in vague terms, or allege some of them to be of no conse;uence. 5@0: Co", as certainly as "e shoul listen particularly to the patients escription of his sufferings an sensations, an attach cre ence especially to his o"n e!pressions

"here"ith he en eavors to make us un erstan his ailments-because in the mouth of his frien s an atten ants they are usually altere an erroneously state -so certainly on the other han , in all iseases, but especially in the chronic ones, the investigation of the true, complete picture an its peculiarities eman special circumspection, tact, kno"le ge of human nature, caution in con ucting the in;uiry an patience in an imminent egree. 5@@: %n the "hole, the investigation of acute isease, or of such as have e!iste but a short time, is much the easiest for the physician, because all the phenomena an eviations from the health that has been recently lost are still fresh in the memory of the patients an his frien s, still continue to be novel an striking. ,he physician certainly re;uires to kno" everything in such cases also8 but he has much less to in;uire into8 they are for the most part spontaneously etaile on him. 5233: -n investigating the totality of the symptoms of epi emic an spora ic iseases it is ;uite immaterial "hether or not something similar has ever appeare in the "orl before un er the same or any other name. ,he novelty or peculiarity of a isease of that kin makes on ifference either in the mo e of e!amining or of treating it, as the physician in any "ay regar the pure picture of every prevailing isease as if it "ere something ne" an unkno"n an investigate it thoroughly for itself, if he esires to practice me icine in a real an ra ical manner, never substituting con7uncture for actual observation, never taking for grante that the case of isease before him is alrea y "holly or partially kno"n, but al"ays carefully e!amining it in all its phases8 an this mo e of proce ure is all the more re;uisite in such cases, as a careful e!amination "ill sho" that every prevailing isease in many respects a phenomena of a uni;ue character iffering vastly from all previous epi emics, to "hich certain names have been falsely applie "ith the e!ception of those epi emics resulting from a contagious principle that al"ays remain the same, such as small-po!, measles, Dc. 5232: -t may easily happen that in the first case of an epi emic isease that presents itself to the physician/s notice he oes not at once obtain a kno"le ge of its complete picture, as it is only by a close observation of several cases of every such collective isease that he becomes conversant, "ith the totality of its signs an symptoms. ,he carefully observing physician can, ho"ever, from the e!amination of even the first or secon patients, often arrives so nearly at the kno"le ge of the true state as to have in his min a characteristic portrait of it, an even to succee in fin ing a suitable, homeopathically a apte reme y for it. 523A: -n the course of "riting o"n the symptoms of several cases of this kin the sketch of the isease becomes even more an more complete, no more spun out an verbose but more significant, an inclu ing more of the peculiarities of this collective isease8 on the one han the general symptoms become precisely efine as to their peculiarities an on the other, the more marke an special symptoms "hich are peculiar but to fe" iseases an of rarer occurrence, at least in the same combination, become more prominent an constitute "hat is characteristic of this mala y. )ll those affecte "ith the isease prevailing at a given time have certainly contracte it from one an the same source an hence are suffering from the same isease8 but the "hole e!tent of such an epi emic

isease an the totality of its symptoms can not be learne from one single patient, but is only to be perfectly e uce an ascertaine from the sufferings of several patients of ifferent constitutions. 5231: -n the same manner as has here been taught relative to the epi emic isease, "hich are generally of an acute nature, the miasmatic chronic mala ies, "hich, as - have sho"n, al"ays remain the same in their essential nature, especially the Esora, must be investigate , as to the "hole sphere of symptoms, in a much more minute manner than has ever been one before, for in them also one patient e!hibits a portion of their symptoms, a secon an thir , an so on, present some other symptoms, "hich also are but a portion of the totality of the symptoms "hich constitute the entire e!tent of this mala y, so that the "hole array of the symptoms belonging to such a miasmatic, chronic isease, an especially to the Esora, can only be ascertaine from the observation of very many single patients affecte "ith such a chronic isease an "ithout a complete survey an collective picture of these symptoms, the me icines capable of curing the "hole mala y homeopathically cannot be iscovere 8 an these me icines are, at the same time, the true reme ies of the several patients suffering from such chronic affections. 5234: =hen the totality of the symptoms that especially mark an istinguish the case of isease or, in other "or s, "hen the picture of the isease, "hatever be its kin , is once accurately sketche , the most ifficult part of the task is accomplishe . ,he physician has then the picture of the isease, especially if it be a chronic one, al"ays before him to gui e him in his treatment8 he can investigate it in all its parts an can pick out the characteristic symptoms in or er to oppose to these, that is to say, to the "hole mala y itself, a very similar artificial morbific force, in the shape of a homeopathically chosen me icinal substance, selecte from the list of all the symptoms of the me icines "hose pure effects have been ascertaine . )n "hen, uring the treatment, he "ishes to ascertain "hat has been the effect of the me icine, an "hat change has taken place in the patient/s state8 at this fresh e!amination of the patient he only nee s to strike out of the list of the symptoms note o"n at the first visit those that have been ameliorate , to mark "hat still remains, an a any ne" symptoms that may have supervene .

A 1road Sc&eme of Case Takin

-$ %istory or interro ation of t&e patient Fa.G Earticulars of the patient Fb.G Eresent complaints Fc.G Eersonal history F .G East history Fe.G Hamily history

Ff.G 6$ ,$ /$ 7$ 8$ :$

#omeopathic generalities 2&ysica) examination 2rovisiona) dia nosis Specia) investi ation C)inica) dia nosis 9iasmatic dia nosis "ia nosis of t&e patient-Individua)i;ation

+$ T&erapeutic dia nosis-by tota)ity of symptoms t&rou & t&e process of eva)uation after interpretation and ana)ysis$

(ist of Case-Takin
F) apte from +) Brief Stu y Course in #omeopathyI by *r. Jli6abeth =right.G I$ T&e patient's story$ II$ 9oda)ities as app)ied to eac& of t&e above symptoms in t&e fo))owin order: Fa.G Cause Fb.G Ero orme, onset, pace, se;uence, uration Fc.G Character, location, laterality, e!tension an ra iation of pain or sensations. F .G Concomitants an alterations Fe.G )ggravation or amelioration. 2. ,ime Fhour, ay, night, before or after mi nightG8 perio icity8 seasons8 moon phases. A. ,emperature an "eather8 chilly or "arm bloo e usually, chilly or "arm bloo e in present illness8 "et, ry, col or hot "eather changes8 sno" storm, thun er storm8 hot sun, "in , fog, sno"8 open air, "arm room, changes from one to another, stuffy cro" e places, raughts, "armth of be , heat of stove, uncovering. 1. Bathing Fhot, col , or seaG, local applications Fhot, col , "et, or ryG.

4. &est or motion Fslo", rapi , ascen ing, or escen ing, turning in be , e!ertion, "alking, on first motion, after moving a "hile, "hile moving, after moving, car an seasicknessG. :. Eosition: stan ing, sitting Fknee-crosse , rising from sittingG, stooping Frising from stoopingG, lying Fon painful si e, back, right or left si e, ab omen, hea high or lo", rising from lyingG, leaning hea back"ar , for"ar , si e-"ise, closing or opening eyes, any unusual position such as knee-chest. <. J!ternal stimuli: touch Fhar or lightG, pressure, rubbing, constriction Fclothing etc.G, 7ar, ri ing, stepping, light, noise, music, conversation, o ours. ?. Jating: in general Fbefore, uring, after hot or col foo or rinkG, s"allo"ing Fsoli s, li;ui s, emptyG, aci s, fats, salt, salty foo , starches, sugar an s"eet8 green vegetables, milk, eggs, meat, fish, oysters, onions, beer, li;uor, "ine, coffee, tea, tobacco, rugs etc. 0. @. ,hirst: ;uantity, fre;uency, hot, col , or ice , sours, bitter, etc. Sleep: in general Fbefore, uring, on falling asleep, in first sleep, after, on "akingG

23. $enses: before, uring, after, or suppresse . 22. S"eat: hot or col , foot s"eat, partial or suppresse . 2A. %ther ischarges: blee ing, cory6a, iarrhoea, vomiting, urine, emissions, leucorrhoea, etc., suppression of the same. Ff.G Strange, rare, an peculiar symptoms. III$ T&e patient as a w&o)e: 2&ysica) (enera)s and 9enta) (enera)s$ 2%<SICA= (E5E>A=S Fa.G ,he constitutional type of the patient. Fb.G )ilments from emotions: Suppressions Femotion ischarges such as menses, s"eat, leucorrhoea, catarrh, iarrhoea, etc.8 eruptions8 iseases e.g. malaria, rheumatic fever, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc8 of pathology e.g. haemorrhoi s, fistulae, ulcers, tonsils, tumors, other surgical con itions etc.G8 from e!posure of co , "et, hot, sun, etc. from mechanical con itions e.g., overeating, in7ury, etc.G Fc.G $enses: ate of establishment, regularity Fearly or lateG, uration, colour, consistency, o our, amount, clots, consistency, aggravation or amelioration before, uring, or after Fboth physically an mentallyG, menopause Fsymptoms ofG.

F .G %ther ischarges: cause, colour, consistency, o our, acri , or blan , symptoms from suppression of, symptoms alternating "ith8 hot or col , partial ischarges as of s"eat, laterality, better or "orse from ischarges Fbefore, uring, or afterG. Fe.G Sleep: better or "orse from, position in aggravation after, ifficulty in getting to sleep, "aking fre;uently or early, at "hat hour, somnambulism, talking in sleep, reams, restless uring. Ff.G &estlessness: prostration, "eakness, trembling, chill, fever, etc.

Fg.G )ggravations an )meliorations referring to patient as a "hole. Fh.G %b7ective symptoms e.g., re ness of orifices, superfluous hair, applying to the patient as a "hole. Fi.G Eathology, "hich applies to the patient as a "hole, e.g., ten ency to tumors, "ens, cysts, polyps, "arts, moles-in ivi uals an family ten ency to certain isease or "eakness of specific organs of tissues Falso relate to Fa.G above an to physician e!aminationG, fre;uency of catching col . 9E5TA= (E5E>A=S Fa.G =ill: loves, hates an emotions Fsuici al, loathing of lifeG8 lasciviousness, revulsion to se!, se!ual perversions8 fears8 gree , eating, honey, emotionality. Smoking, rinking, rugs8 reams8 homici al ten encies, esire or aversion to company, family, frien s8 7ealousy, suspicion, obstinacy, contrariness, epression, lo;uacity, impatience, conscientiousness. Fb.G Kn erstan ing: elusions, elirium, hallucinations, mental confusions, loss of time sense. Fc.G -ntellect: memory, concentration, mistakes in "riting an speaking. I4$ ?uick review of conditions of every system and or an be innin wit& &ead to foot$ 4$ 2ast &istory of t&e patient$ 4I$ @ami)y &istory$

2&ysica) Examination
T&is inc)udes enera) surveyA )oca) examination and enera) examination$ *A$0 (enera) Survey:

F2.G FA.G F1.G F4.G F:.G F<.G F?.G F0.G F@.G F23.G F22.G F2A.G F21.G

Leneral assessment of illness $ental state an intelligence Built an state of nutrition )ttitu e Lait Hacies:- look at the face *ecubitus:- position of patient in be Colour of skin Eallor Skin eruptions Eulse &espiration ,emperature

*1$0 =oca) Examination:

,his is the most important part of physical e!amination, as a careful local e!amination "ill give a efinite clue to arrive at a iagnosis. By local e!amination, "e mean e!amination of the affecte region. -t shoul be one using follo"ing clinical metho s of e!amination: F2.G -nspection looking at the affecte part of the bo y. -t shoul be carrie out after complete e!posure of the affecte part. -t shoul be compare "ith the correspon ing normal appearance, "henever possible. FA.G Ealpation feeling the affecte part by han s. -t "ill not only corroborate the fin ings seen in inspection but also a e information an "ith traine han s may not re;uire any further e!amination to come to a iagnosis. F1.G Eercussion listening to the tapping note of a finger place over another finger or a percussion hammer. F4.G )uscultation listening to the soun s pro uce "ithin the bo y "ith the help of a stethoscope.

F:.G $ovements an $easurements movements of the 7oint concerne an measurements of the affecte part are important in orthope ic cases an cases of nerve in7uries an trauma. F<.G J!amination of the Mymph Co es helps in clinical iagnosis of many acute an chronic inflammatory con itions an also the nature of any neoplastic gro"th i.e. "hether benign or malignant, an the e!tent of metastasis.
*1$0 (enera) Examination:

-t is re;uire to e!clu e any systemic isease in a patient coming "ith a locali6e problem. -t is also helpful in fin ing the real cause of a symptom occurring in a particular organ "hen the cause of the locali6e symptoms lies some "here else in the bo y. Hor e. g8 pain in shoul er can be ue to pressure on iaphragm by some ab ominal pathology.

Attributes for Case Takin

,he case recor shoul be analy6e for the follo"ing attributes: F2.G Jach of the symptoms must be complete "ith regar to the sensation, location, mo ality, an concomitant. FA.G ,he symptoms shoul have a chronological or er of evelopment an progress. F1.G ,hey must be ivisible into sub7ective an ob7ective ones. F4.G ,he symptoms must be ivisible into generals an particulars. F:.G Jach of the general or particular symptoms must be ifferentiate as common or uncommon. F<.G ,he gra e of each symptom must be carefully note . F?.G ,he peculiar combinations, or concomitance, or alteration of certain symptoms, if present, must be clearly note . F0.G Jnvironmental, occupational an other e!ogenous influences on the case must be epicte . F@.G ,he past history an the family history of the case shoul be given ue attention. F23.G ,he case recor shoul be neat, or erly, comprehensible, an complete in all respects

%omeopat&ic Case Takin and 2at&o)o ica) "ia nosis

3 4iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose + ,he iagnosis of the isease by mo ern metho s is base largely upon physical signs, tests, an reactions, involving the use of many instruments of precision, in "hich the patient takes no active part, an of "hich he has kno"le ge. ,he selection of the homeopathic reme y on the other han , is base very largely an sometimes entirely on the phenomena, or e uctions ra"n from the phenomena, of sub7ective, conscious e!perience, perceive only by the patient an state by him to the e!aminer. Cearly all of the ob7ective phenomena possessing value from the stan point of homeopathic therapeutics are of such a character that they re;uire the e!ercise of only the physical senses an or inary po"ers of observation by the patient, his frien s, or the physician himself. ,his istinction shoul be kept clearly in min . J!amination for the purpose of pathological stu y an for iagnosis are necessary an important in their several fiel s8 but from the stan point of homeopathic pharmaco-therapeutics, their importance is relative, not absolute. )si e from the physical an organic locali6ation of isease, they furnish comparatively little that is of value to the homeopathic prescriber in his special "ork of selecting the symptomatically similar me icine.I +NN.-n this spirit "e may all cooperate for the best interests of our profession an our patients, an agree "ith #ahnemann in the postulate of the first paragraph of the +%rganonI: +,he highest an only mission of the physician is to heal the sick.I Jvery me ical specialty is subor inate to that i eal. ,he "ork of the homeopathic prescriber, ealing "ith specifically "ith the application of me icines to isease accor ing to a efinite principle for the purpose of curing such con itions as are amenable to me icines, must ever remain one of the most important of the functions fulfille by the physician.I

A 5ote on t&e BTota)ity of SymptomsC

34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose + ,he totality of the symptoms means, first, the totality of each in ivi ual symptom. ) single symptom is more than a single fact8 it is a fact "ith its history, its origin, its location, its progress or irection, an its con itions.I +NN.,he totality of symptoms means all the symptoms of the case "hich are capable of being logically combine into a harmonious an consistent "hole, having form, coherency, an in ivi uality. ,echnically, the totality is more than the mere numerical totality of the symptoms. -t inclu es the +concomittanceI or form in "hich the symptoms are groupe .I +NN,he +totalityI is not, therefore, a mere hapha6ar , fortuitous 7umble of symptoms thro"n together "ithout rhyme or reason, any more than a similar hapha6ar collection of pathogenetic symptoms in a proving constitutes $ateria $e ica. ,he totality means the sum of the aggregates of the symptoms: not mere the numerical aggregates'the entire number of the symptoms as particulars or single symptoms'but

their sum total, their organic "hole as an in ivi uality. )s a machine set up complete an in perfect or er is more than a numerical aggregate of its single issociate parts, so the totality is more than the mere aggregate of its constituent symptoms. -t is the i ea or plan, "hich unites them in a special manner to give them its characteristic form. )s the parts of a machine cannot be thro"n together in any hapha6ar manner, but each part must be fitte to each other art in a certain efinite relation accor ing to a preconceive plan or esign'+assemble I, as the mechanics say'so the symptoms of a case must be +assemble I in such a manner that they constitute an i entity, an in ivi uality, "hich may be seen an recogni6e as "e recogni6e the personality of a frien I 3(uide)ines by "r$ Samue) %a&nemann in &is BOr anon of 9edicineC: 5<: ,he unpre7u ice observer'"ell a"are of the futility of the transcen ental speculations "hich can receive on confirmation from e!perience'be his po"ers f penetration ever so great takes note of nothing in every in ivi ual e!cept the changes in the health of the bo y an of the min "hich can be perceive e!ternally by means of the senses8 that is to say, he notes only eviations from the former healthy state of the no" isease in ivi ual, "hich are felt by the patient himself, remarke by those aroun him an observe by the physician. )ll these perceptible signs represent the isease as a "hole e!tent8 that is, together they form the true an only conceivable portrait of the isease. 52:: ,he affection of the morbi ly erange , spirit like ynamis that animates our bo y in the invisible interior, an the totality of the out"ar ly cogni6able symptoms pro uce by it in the organism an representing the e!isting mala y constitutes a "hole8 they are one an the same. 52?: Co", as in the cure effecte by the removal of the "hole of the perceptible signs an symptoms of the isease the internal alteration of the vital force to "hich the isease is ue'conse;uently the "hole of the isease'is at the same time remove , it follo"s that the physician has only to remove the "hole of the symptoms in or er, at the same, to abrogate an annihilate the internal change, that is to say, the morbi erangement of the vital force'conse;uently the totality of the isease, the isease itself. 520: Hrom the in ubitable truth, that besi es the totality of the symptoms nothing can be by any means iscovere in isease "here "ith they coul e!press their nee of ai , it follo"s un eniably that the sum of all the symptoms in each in ivi ual case of isease must be the sole in ication, the sole gui e to irect us in the choice of a reme y.

Abstract/Excerpt Misten ,o ,he )u io Mecture for )phorism A< to A? F$E1/@.0:mbG ,ime fliesO =hen - last "rote a lecture on the aphorisms, - ha promise the ne!t lecture

the follo"ing month. - kne" my lecture "as over ue, but "hen - starte "riting to ay, it struck me that nearly seven months have passe since thenO But better [...]

=isten To T&e Audio =ecture for Ap&orism 68 to 6: *92,/D$+7mb0 ,ime fliesO =hen - last "rote a lecture on the aphorisms, - ha promise the ne!t lecture the follo"ing month. - kne" my lecture "as over ue, but "hen - starte "riting to ay, it struck me that nearly seven months have passe since thenO But better late than neverO - "oul like to begin this lecture by summari6ing "hat "e stu ie in our previous lecture that iscusse aphorisms 2@ to A:. -n those aphorisms "e iscusse the curative po"er of me icine an ho" to ascertain it. -n summary, "e ha iscusse :

*isease is an altere state of health. So the curative po"er of a me icine must lie in its po"er to alter the .altere state of health/. ,he curative po"er of me icines can only be ascertaine by e!perience, by testing them on healthy human beings. Since the effect of a me icinal substance on the healthy human bo y is manifest only in the form of symptoms, this ability to alter the healthy state of a human being, must be the curative property of the me icines too. $e icines can alter the human state in t"o "ays by pro ucing similar or opposite symptoms. J!perience has sho"n that me icine o not give curative results in chronic iseases, if they pro uce opposite symptoms. Symptoms "hen suppresse by allopathic treatment, after an initial phase of amelioration, reboun more strongly. ,herefore "e can affect a cure only by giving a me icine "hich pro uces the most similar symptoms Fartificial iseaseG "hen given to a healthy in ivi ual. ,he greater the similarity in symptom picture an ose, the more ra ical an permanent is the cure.

)fter elaborating on "hat is the curative property of our me icines an ho" to ascertain it, #ahnemann moves on to e!plain "hy the similar reme y is able to affect a cure. Met/s rea "hat he has sai : E 68 ,his epen s on the follo"ing homoeopathic la" of nature "hich "as sometimes, in ee , vaguely surmise but not hitherto fully recogni6e , an to "hich is ue every real cure that has ever taken place: ) "eaker ynamic affection is permanently e!tinguishe in the living organism by a stronger one, if the latter F"hilst iffering in kin G is very similar to the former in its manifestations.2

So he says that the similar reme y is able to cure the patient because in nature too it has been observe that a "eaker isease is automatically remove if the patient contracts a similar but stronger isease. #e calls this phenomenon The Homeopathic Law of Nature or The Natures Law of Cure. ,he con itions for this la" to become applicable are: 2. Both the affections shoul be ynamic in nature. A. ,hey both shoul be similar in their manifestations. 1. But they shoul iffer in kin . 4. ,he later one shoul be stronger than the former one. #ere it is necessary to un erstan "hat is meant by .dynamic in nature. an .differing in kind.. ) ynamic affection is one, "hich primarily starts as a erangement of the vital force or a isturbance in the thermo ynamic e;uilibrium of our bo y. Sickness arising from in7ury or acci ents may nee allopathic or antipathic intervention. ,ake this statement "ith a pinch of salt. -t oes not mean that homeopathic reme ies "ill not "ork in ailments arising from in7uries. ,hey "ill often o but in many cases non-homeopathic primary intervention may be re;uire . Cothing "rong "ith thatO Jven #ahnemann has clearly "ritten in the %rganon that sometimes surgery an antipathic measures are re;uire to save the life of a person. #ahnemann has ;ualifie the nee for similarity "ith .whilst differing in kind. to ifferentiate #omeopathy from -sopathy. -n isopathy the substance that pro uces an ailment is sai to cure it too. -t is the use of /same/ influence an not /similar/. #omeopathy is base on the similarity of the ynamic affect an the symptoms. #ahnemann has "ritten at length about the ifference bet"een -sopathy an #omeopathy in the intro uction of %rganon of $e icine. )t one point he has given a very interesting e!ample about this ifference: So, to give another e!ample from physical action, the in7ury resulting from a blo" on the forehea "ith a har substance Fa painful lumpG is soon iminishe in pain an s"elling by pressing on the spot for a consi erable time "ith the ball of the thumb strongly at first, an then gra ually less forcibly, homoeopathically but not by an e;ually har blo" "ith an e;ually har bo y, "hich "oul increase the evil isopathically. ,his is a mechanical e!ample to give a broa un erstan ing of the concept. #e has basically ;ualifie his e!pression to stress on the fact that the effect of the me icine shoul be similar to the effect of the isease but it shoul be erive from a ifferent source. %nly then it "ill "ork accor ing to the Natures Law of Cure. Co" t"o ;uestions nee further e!planation: 2. =hy the t"o ynamic influences nee to be similar> A. =hy the later one has to be stronger>

- have alrea y ans"ere the first ;uestion in part an "e "ill iscuss both these ;uestions in etail "hen "e stu y aphorism 44 to 4<. So in aphorism A<, he is basically saying that homeopathic me icines are able to cure because they "ork the "ay nature "orks. But oes it really happen in nature> =here are the e!amples> -/ll come to that soon but let us first rea the footnote to this aphorism: 2 ,hus are cure both physical affections an moral mala ies. #o" is it that in the early a"n the brilliant Pupiter vanishes from the ga6e of the behol er> By a stronger very similar po"er acting on his optic nerve, the brightness of approaching ayO -n situations replete "ith foeti o ors, "here"ith is it usual to soothe effectually the offen e olfactory nerves> =ith snuff, that affects the sense of smell in a similar but stronger mannerO Co music, no sugare cake, "hich act on the nerves of other senses, can cure this olfactory isgust. #o" oes the sol ier cunningly stifle the piteous cries of him "ho runs the gauntlet from the ears of the compassionate bystan ers> By the shrill notes of the fife commingle "ith the roll of the noisy rumO )n the istant roar of the enemy/s cannon that inspires his army "ith fear> By the lou boom of the big rumO Hor neither the one nor the other "oul the istribution of a brilliant piece of uniform nor a repriman to the regiment suffice. -n like manner, mourning an sorro" "ill be efface from the min by the account of another an still greater cause for sorro" happening to another, even though it be a mere fiction. ,he in7urious conse;uences of too great 7oy "ill be remove by rinking coffee, "hich pro uces an e!cessive 7oyous state of min . Cations like the Lermans, "ho have for centuries been gra ually sinking eeper an eeper in soulless apathy an egra ing serf om, must first be tro en still eeper in the ust by the =estern Con;ueror, until their situation became intolerable8 their mean opinion of themselves "as thereby over-straine an remove 8 they again became alive to their ignity as men, an then, for the first time, they raise their hea s as Lermans. -n this footnote #ahnemann has trie to e!plain the concept of ho" a strong similar affection oversha o"s or annihilates a "eaker similar affection. #e has given e!amples of bright Pupiter isappearing "hen the sun shines an ho" a strong snuff makes the ba o ours in surroun ing atmosphere isappear. %ne may argue that although Pupiter is not visible "hen the sun shines, it is still there. Similarly, you cannot perceive the ba o our "hen you take a snuff, but the o our is still there. Qes, - agreeO ,hese are not perfect e!amples. ,hese are 7ust similes to make one un erstan the concept in a very basic an simple "ay. #ahnemann probably i it kno"ingly because it is easy to un erstan a more comple! similar relationship among iseases, if one un erstan s the basic concepts of similarity an ho" /strength/ plays a role in perception. ,he actual e!amples of the homeopathic la" of nature are given in aphorism 4< of the Organon of Medicine: E /8 $any e!amples might be a uce of isease "hich, in the course of nature, have been homoeopathically cure by other iseases presenting similar symptoms, "ere it not necessary, as our ob7ect is to speak about something eterminate an in ubitable, to

confine our attention solely to those Ffe"G isease "hich are invariably the same, arise from a fi!e miasm, an hence merit a istinct name. )mong these the smallpo!, so rea e on account of the great number of its serious symptoms, occupies a prominent position, an it has remove an cure a number of mala ies "ith similar symptoms. #o" fre;uently oes smallpo! pro uce violent ophthalmia, sometimes even causing blin nessO )n seeO By its inoculation *e6oteu!2 cure a chronic ophthalmia permanently, an MeroyA another. )n amaurosis of t"o years/ uration, conse;uent on suppresse scal hea , "as perfectly cure by it, accor ing to 9lein.1 #o" often oes smallpo! cause eafness an yspnoeaO )n both these chronic iseases it remove on reaching its acme, as P. Hr. Closs4 observe . S"elling of the testicle, even of a very severe character, is a fre;uent symptom of smallpo!, an on this account it "as enable , as 9lein: observe , to cure, by virtue of similarity, a large har s"elling of the left testicle, conse;uently on a bruise. )n another observer< sa" a similar s"elling of the testicle cure by it. )mong the troublesome symptoms of small-po! is a ysenteric state of the bo"els8 an it sub ue , as Hr. =en t? observe , a case of ysentery, as a similar morbific agent. Smallpo! coming on after vaccination, as "ell on account of its greater strength as its great similarity, at once removes entirely the co"-po! homoeopathically, an oes not permit it to come to maturity8 but, on the other han , the co"-po! "hen near maturity oes, on account of its great similarity, homoeopathically iminish very much the supervening smallpo! an make it much mil er0, as $uhry@ an many others testify. ,he inoculate co"-po!, "hose lymph, besi es the protective matter, contains the contagion of a general cutaneous eruption of another nature, consisting of usually small, ry Frarely large, pustularG pimples, resting on a small re areola, fre;uently con7oine "ith roun re cutaneous spots an often accompanie by the most violent itching, "hich rash appears in not a fe" chil ren several ays before, more fre;uently, ho"ever, after the re areola of the co"-pock, an goes off in a fe" ays, leaving behin small, re , har spots on the skin8 the inoculate co"-po!, - say, after it has taken, cures perfectly an permanently, in a homoeopathic manner, by the similarity of this accessory miasm, analogous cutaneous eruptions of chil ren, often of very long stan ing an of a very troublesome character, as a number of observers assert.23 ,he co"-po!, a peculiar symptom of "hich is to cause tumefaction of the arm22, cure , after it broke out, a s"ollen half-paraly6e arm.2A ,he fever accompanying co"-po!, "hich occurs at the time of the pro uction of the re areola, cure homoeopathically intermittent fever in t"o in ivi uals, as the younger #ar ege21 reports, confirming "hat P. #unter24 ha alrea y observe , that t"o fevers Fsimilar iseasesG cannot co-e!ist in the same bo y. ,he measles bear a strong resemblance in the character of its fever an cough to the "hooping-cough, an hence it "as that Bos;uillon2: notice , in an epi emic "here both these affections prevaile , that many chil ren "ho then took measles remaine free from

"hooping-cough uring that epi emic. ,hey "oul all have been protecte from, an ren ere incapable of being infecte by, the "hooping-cough in that an all subse;uent epi emics, by the measles, if the "hooping-cough "ere not a isease that has only a partial similarity to the measles, that is to say, if it ha also a cutaneous eruption similar to "hat the latter possesses. )s it is, ho"ever, the measles can but preserve a large number from "hooping-cough homoeopathically, an that only in the epi emic prevailing at the time. -f, ho"ever, the measles come in contact "ith a isease resembling it in its chief symptom, the eruption, it can in isputably remove, an effect a homoeopathic cure of the latter. ,hus a chronic herpetic eruption "as entirely an permanently FhomoeopathicallyG cure 2< by the breaking out of the measles, as 9ortum2? observe . )n e!cessively burning miliary rash on the face, neck, an arms, that ha laste si! years, an "as aggravate by every change of "eather, on the invasion of measles assume the form of a s"elling of the surface of the skin8 after the measles ha run its course the e!anthema "as cure , an returne no more.20 So you can see "hy #ahnemann "as so confi ent about his fin ings. #e ha e!cellent kno"le ge of many historical me ical te!ts an he "as able to relate the cures seen in nature "ith the phenomena relate to the similarity of symptoms that he ha observe through provings. =e o not see such e!amples in nature very often because there are very fe" iseases in nature that have very similar symptomatology. ,hen it "oul be highly coinci ental that t"o iseases that are similar, meet in an in ivi ual at the same time an the later one is stronger tooO )lso, the e!amples given by #ahnemann are historical Fsmallpo! oesn/t even e!ist to ayOG an very ifficult to verify uring our times. )re you a"are of any such mo ern ay e!amples> -f yes, please share them "ith me at e itorRhpathy.com =hile nature has sho"n us the "ay, it has its limitations too. )part from the rarity of natural similar cures taking place, the natural phenomena also has many ra"backs. -n a natural isplay of this la", the later isease might remove the former isease, but that isease can be more angerous than the former one. ,he bo y cannot regulate the later isease for its benefit. -t has to 7ust "ait for it to go. )n that is "here homeopathic me icines fill the voi . =e can pro uce similar artificial states an "e can regulate their strength through manipulation of ose. Elus, the secon ynamic isease also passes a"ay more s"iftly, "ithout causing any pathological abnormalities. So "e put into use the gift of nature more effectively than nature itselfO #ahnemann has also mentione in this aphorism that this la" of nature "as kno"n to many people before him, but it "as not given a formal shape an "as not put into practice systematically. #ahnemann has given many e!amples of the historical .a"areness/ of simila in the intro uction to his %rganon of $e icine. )fter stating that nature also cures by the la" of similia, #ahnemann reasserts in aphorism A? that the curative po"er of me icines epen s solely on their ability to

pro uce similar, but stronger symptoms an by giving such a reme y in a case, the isease is remove permanently, rapi ly an totally the i eal cureO E 6: ,he curative po"er of me icines, therefore, epen s on their symptoms, similar to the isease but superior to it in strength FS 2A A<G, so that each in ivi ual case of isease is most surely, ra ically, rapi ly an permanently annihilate an remove only by a me icine capable of pro ucing Fin the human systemG in the most similar an complete manner the totality of its symptoms, "hich at the same time are stronger than the isease. ,he one thing that nee s some attention here, are the "or s .each individual case of disease.. %nce again #ahnemann stresses on the in ivi uali6ation of the case. $ere similarity "ith the common symptoms of a nosological isease entity "ill not suffice. ,he me icine must cover the in ivi uali6ing characteristic symptoms of the case. %nly then it "ill "ork as a similar reme y. ,his again prompts me to "arn the young stu ents that they shoul not prescribe on the basis of therapeutic affinity blin ly. ,he books on homeopathic therapeutics shoul be use as a filter to fin the simillimum an not as a efinite gui e for reme y selection. ,he reme y for an in ivi ual case might not even be liste among the therapeutics of the isease that the patient is suffering from. Qou shoul learn 5OT to prescribe Arnica for every in7ury an hus!to" for every muscle ache. Mearn to in ivi uali6e. ,he case ;ui66es put up by Jlaine Me"is in each issue of Homeopathy # $veryone, are a great e!ercise for the young min s to hone their in ivi uali6ation skills. - "oul encourage all young stu ents to visit the online archives of Homeopathy # $veryone an try to solve Jlaine/s case ;ui6 every month. %nce you have one your "ork on a case ;ui6, you can rea the ans"er in the ne!t issue of Homeopathy # $veryone. -t "oul prove to be a great learning e!perience for you. So this is "hat #ahnemann has sai about Natures Law of Cure an ho" it relates to the homeopathic principle of %imila %imil&us Curantur. -n our ne!t lecture "e "ill iscuss ho" the "eaker ynamic affection is replace by the stronger one, an "hy "e are more susceptible to the action of me icines "hen "e are sick.

Abstract/Excerpt Misten ,o ,he )u io Mecture for )phorism 2@ to A: F$E1/@.0:mbG 9no"le ge of $e icine *o you remember my lecture on the thir aphorism> Met us recollect [...]

=isten To T&e Audio =ecture for Ap&orism -D to 67 *92,/D$+7mb0

Fnow)ed e of 9edicine *o you remember my lecture on the thir aphorism> Met us recollect a little about it. ,he thir aphorism states: 'f the physician clearly perceives what is to &e cured in diseases( that is to say( in every individual case of disease )knowledge of disease( indication*( if he clearly perceives what is curative in medicines( that is to say( in each individual medicine )knowledge of medical powers*( and if he knows how to adapt( according to clearly defined principles( what is curative in medicines to what he has discovered to &e undou&tedly mor&id in the patient( so that the recovery must ensue+ -n the first aphorism "e iscusse the mission of a physician, in the secon "e iscusse the highest i eal of cure an in the thir , "e iscusse "hat kno"le ge is re;uire by a physician to effect a cure. Hrom aphorism 4 to 20, "e iscusse the first re;uirement kno"le ge of ."hat is to be cure in isease/. -f you remember, in those aphorisms #ahnemann talke about the importance of symptoms an ho" they reflect the internal essence of the isease. ,he aphorisms 2@ to 14 elaborate the secon form of kno"le ge, that is, ."hat is curative in me icines/ an from 1: to <@, "e "ill iscuss ho" to a apt our kno"le ge of me icine to cure sick patients. ,o un erstan ."hat is curative in me icine/, "e "ill e!plore aphorisms 2@ to 14 an "ill try to un erstan "hat #ahnemann sai about fin ing the curative po"ers of me icines. =e "ill o this in 1 parts: 2. Kn erstan "hat is the curative po"er of a me icine F2@-A:G A. Cature/s Ma" of Cure FA<-A?G 1. Kn erstan "hy "e react more to me icines in the isease state. FA0-14G T&e Curative 2ower of 9edicine #ahnemann iscusse the curative po"ers or our me icines in aphorisms 2@ to A:. -n the 2@th aphorism he says that isease is nothing but an altere state of health an to affect a cure, "e nee to change the isease state back to the healthy con ition. So the me icines must have the po"er to alter our state of health an in ee their curative po"er arises solely from their ability to alter our state of health. Met us rea the aphorism no". -t says: -D 3 Co", as iseases are nothing more than alterations in the state of health of the healthy in ivi ual "hich e!press themselves by morbi signs, an the cure is also only possible by a change to the healthy con ition of the state of health of the isease in ivi ual, it is very evi ent that me icines coul never cure isease if they i not possess the po"er of altering man/s state of health "hich epen s on sensations an

functions8 in ee , that their curative po"er must be o"ing solely to this po"er they possess of altering man/s state of health. ,he aphorism looks very simplistic but it lays o"n the first characteristic for a me icine it shoul not be inert. -t shoul have the potential to alter the health of a living being. Co" some of you might say that many homeopathic me icines are erive from inert substances like Mycopo ium an Silica. ,he source of these me icines coul be inert but the form Fpotenti6e G in "hich they are use is not inert. #o" po"erful the effect of these me icines coul be, can only be learne through e!perience. -/ll share a small inci ent here. - evelope premature graying of hair after a bout of ,yphoi at age 23. =hen - "as a first year me ical stu ent, - rea that Mycopo ium is in icate for premature graying of hairs. =ithout thinking much - took a ose of Mycopo ium 2$. ) couple of ays later - starte getting a sensation as if - ha a s"elling in my right inguinal region. - "as frightene by the thought of having inguinal hernia. "oul check the area repeate ly, o the cough-test for hernia repeate ly but the s"elling "as never there. But the sensation "as al"ays thereO - later reali6e that - "as proving Mycopo ium an it took more than one year for the sensation to go. ,hat "as my first lesson in un erstan ing the po"er of the potenti6e me icines, their ability to alter a man/s state of healthO So coming back to the aphorism, the form in "hich "e inten to use a me icinal substance shoul not be inert. -t shoul have the po"er to alter a man/s state of health. Co" let us move on to the ne!t aphorism, "hich states: 6. 3 ,his spirit-like po"er to alter man/s state of health Fan hence to cure iseasesG "hich lies hi en in the inner nature of me icines can in itself never be iscovere by us by a mere effort of reason8 it is only by e!perience of the phenomena it isplays "hen acting on the state of health of man that "e can become clearly cogni6ant of it. So after saying that a me icine shoul have the po"er to alter our health, #ahnemann tells us ho" to i entify or iscover the me icinal po"ers of a substance. #e says that "e can only fin out about the effectiveness of a me icine by un erstan ing its effect on human bo y. =e nee to stu y ho" a me icine alters the state of health to un erstan its sphere of action. #e further says that the po"er of me icines to alter man/s state of health is .spirit-like/. #ere again the spirit-like 7ust stan s for something that is invisible an has no religious or spiritual connotations. ,he first line of this aphorism is actually targeting those conventional me icine contemporaries of #ahnemann, "ho use to proclaim the me icinal effect of various substances, "ithout actually testing them. ,o such people #ahnemann says that the me icinal properties of a substance are hi en in its interior, they cannot be seen by e!amining the substance or by making theoretical assumptions. ,he only "ay to fin the curative po"ers of a substance is to fin out its effect on healthy human beings.

Co" in the ne!t aphorism, that is aphorism number A2, #ahnemann goes ahea further an tells us that the effect that the me icinal substances have on our bo y, can be perceive through the signs an symptoms that they pro uce. Met us rea "hat he sai : 6- 3 Co", as it is un eniable that the curative principle in me icines is not in itself perceptible, an as in pure e!periments "ith me icines con ucte by the most accurate observers, nothing can be observe that can constitute them me icines or reme ies e!cept that po"er of causing istinct alterations in the state of health of the human bo y, an particularly in that of the healthy in ivi ual, an of e!citing in him various efinite morbi symptoms8 so it follo"s that when medicines act as remedies, they can only bring their curative property into play by means of this their po"er of altering man/s state of health by the pro uction of peculiar symptoms8 an that, therefore, "e have only to rely on the morbi phenomena "hich the me icines pro uce in the healthy bo y as the sole possible revelation of their in- "elling curative po"er, in or er to learn "hat iseasepro ucing po"er, an at the same time "hat isease-curing po"er, each in ivi ual me icine possesses. #ere initially he repeats "hat he sai in the last aphorism that the me icinal po"er of a substance is its potential to alter the state of health. Co" things become interesting here. #e further clarifies +particularly in that of the healthy in ivi ualI. ,his clarification is important. Conventional me icines are often teste on the sick to fin out their therapeutic sphere. )n in such tests me icines often o not reveal their full effect on the human bo y because the sick bo y is alrea y "orking in a compromise state. So he stresses that the stu y of alterations that are pro uce on a healthy bo y are most useful to fin out the therapeutic sphere of a me icine. But the point to note here is that he has use the "or .particularly/ an not .only/ or .e!clusively/. ,his implies that "hile the proving symptoms are most important, the clinical symptoms may be of some use as "ell. =hat he has also sai here is that the me icines are able to cure symptoms because of their ability to pro uce similar symptoms. Co" theoretically speaking this is a corollary, a kin of assumption similar to: )TC an BTC therefore )TB F.)/ me icine pro uces .C/ symptoms. .B/ isease pro uces .C/ symptoms. ,herefore .)/ me icines removes .C/ symptoms in isease .B/.G #a this been a purely theoretical construct, this "oul have faile or receive more criticism. But #ahnemann "as "riting from his e!perience. #e ha teste the me icines Flike salts of $ercury an Silver, Bora!, an China etcG "ith kno"n therapeutic action an ha observe that me icines often pro uce symptoms in healthy in ivi uals, "hich they are kno"n to cure in sick. So the above construct "as reverse engineere from something like this:

.)/ me icine cures .B/ isease. .B/ pro uces .C/ symptoms. .)/ also pro uces .C/ symptoms. ,herefore the ability in .)/ to pro uce the .C/ symptoms must be the property "hich helps it to cure isease .B/. Co" in the ne!t aphorism, he tells us ho" this ability to pro uce symptoms, helps to remove symptoms or to cure isease an "hich type of me icine "e shoul choose to treat the sick. Met/s rea itO. 66 - But as nothing is to be observe in iseases that must be remove in or er to change them into health besi es the totality of their signs an symptoms, an like"ise me icines can sho" nothing curative besi es their ten ency to pro uce morbi symptoms in healthy persons an to remove them in isease persons8 it follo"s, on the one han , that me icines only become reme ies an capable of annihilating isease, because the medicinal su&stance( &y e"citing certain effects and symptoms( that is to say( &y producing a certain artificial mor&id state( removes and a&rogates the symptoms already present, to "it, the natural morbi state "e "ish to cure. %n the other han , it follo"s that, for the totality of the symptoms of the isease to be cure , a me icine must be sought "hich Faccor ing as e!perience shall prove "hether the morbi symptoms are most rea ily, certainly, an permanently remove an change into health by similar or opposite me icinal symptoms2G have the greatest ten ency to pro uce similar or opposite symptoms.
2

,he other possible mo e of employing me icines for iseases besi es these t"o is the allopathic metho , in "hich me icines are given, "hose symptoms have no irect pathological relation to the morbi state, neither similar nor opposite, but ;uite heterogeneous to the symptoms of the isease. ,his proce ure plays, as - have sho"n else"here, an irresponsible mur erous game "ith the life of the patient by means of angerous, violent me icines, "hose action is unkno"n an "hich are chosen on mere con7ectures an given in large an fre;uent oses. )gain, by means of painful operations, inten e to lea the isease to other regions an taking the strength an vital 7uices of the patient, through evacuations above an belo", s"eat or salivation, but especially through s;uan ering the irreplaceable bloo , as is one by the reigning routine practice, use blin ly an relentlessly, usually "ith the prete!t that the physician shoul imitate an further the sick nature in its efforts to help itself, "ithout consi ering ho" irrational it is, to imitate an further these very imperfect, mostly inappropriate efforts of the instinctive unintelligent vital energy "hich is implante in our organism, so long as it is healthy to carry on life in harmonious evelopment, but not to heal itself in isease. Hor, "ere it possesse of such a mo el ability, it "oul never have allo"e the organism to get sick. =hen ma e ill by no!ious agents, our life principle cannot o anything else than e!press its epression cause by isturbance of the regularity of its life, by symptoms, by means of "hich the intelligent physician is aske for ai . -f this is not given, it strives to save by increasing the ailment, especially through violent evacuations, no matter "hat this entails, often "ith the largest sacrifices or estruction of life itself. Hor the purpose of cure, the morbi ly epresse vital energy possesses so little ability "orthy of imitation since all changes an symptoms pro uce by it in the organism are

the isease itself. =hat intelligent physician "oul "ant to imitate it "ith the intention to heal if he i not thereby sacrifice his patient> ,he AAn aphorism states t"o basic things. Hirst, if a isease becomes evi ent through signs an symptoms an the only manifest action of me icines on human beings is their ability to pro uce symptoms, it is therefore e uce that the ability of a me icine to pro uce symptoms is "hat cures the sick. Co" the symptoms that a me icine can pro uce coul be similar or opposite to the symptoms of isease. ,he secon thing that #ahnemann says is that a reme y must be chosen "hich has the greatest ten ency to pro uce similar or opposite symptoms. #e further says that e!perience "ill teach us "hether the me icines that pro uce similar symptoms are able to cure ;uickly an permanently or the me icines that pro uce opposite symptoms are more effective in provi ing a rapi an permanent cure. - think time has certainly sho"n that conventional me icine is not able to cure the isease. ,he antipathic mo e can only palliate or suppress symptoms. ,hat is "hy "e have so many .anti-/ things in the conventional me icine antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti- epressants, anti-hypertensive, anti-pyretics etc. -n a long foot-note to aphorism AA, #ahnemann iscusses a thir form of treatment, "hich he calle .allopathic/. ,he application of me icines that have similar effect "as calle #omeopathy an the application of me icines that have opposite action "as calle )ntipathy. ,he application of me icines or treatment that ha neither similar nor opposite action, "as calle )llopathy. ,he conventional me icine of his time "as full of such metho s an me icines, like using iuretics, iaphoretics, me icines use for purging the alimentary canal an proce ures like bloo -letting as treatment for nearly every possible isease. #ahnemann "as strongly against the use of such unteste me icines an metho s an even calle their application .mur erous/. Jven to ay the conventional me icine is kno"n as .)llopathy/ in many parts of the "orl . But to ay/s conventional me icine is primarily antipathic. ,here is no separate antipathic school to ay. )ntipathy an )llopathy have merge to form one entity, "hich is either calle allopathy or conventional me icine to ay. -f you rea the footnote more carefully, you "ill observe one more important thing. #ahnemann says +,hen made ill &y no"ious agents( our life principle cannot do anything else than e"press its depression caused &y distur&ance of the regularity of its life-..I ,his means Fan is very obvious tooG that "hen "e are sick, our vital force or life principle or the thermo ynamic energy system is epresse . #e further says that the use of allopathic me icines ecreases the vitality further. ,his is something that you can e!perience very easily, even to ay. -t is so common to e!perience lo" energy, ba taste an in igestion after a roun of antibiotics use for any acute illness. ,he infection goes a"ay but the bo y oes not feel fit an it often takes many more ays an sometimes

"eeks for the bo y to recover its lost vitality. Compare this to the homeopathic me icines, "here "e look for an notice a change in vitality as the first sign of cureO Co" in the ne!t aphorism, #ahnemann says e!perience has sho"n that me icines that pro uce opposite symptoms usually o not cure permanently. -n fact after the symptoms are palliate "ith some antipathic me icines, they often reboun "ith greater intensity. ,ry "ith ra"ing the pain-killer of an arthritis patient or the anti-hypertensive of a hypertensive patient an see ho" the pain an B.E. shoot up. Met us rea the A1r aphorism. -t says: 6, - )ll pure e!perience, ho"ever, an all accurate research convince us that persistent symptoms of isease are far from being remove an annihilate by opposite symptoms of me icines Fas in the antipathic, enantiopathic or palliative metho G, that, on the contrary, after transient, apparent alleviation, they break forth again, only "ith increase intensity, an become manifestly aggravate Fsee > :0 <A an <@G. =e have alrea y iscusse the essence of this aphorism but - "oul like to point your attention to"ar s the use of the phrase .persistent symptoms of isease/. ,his is significant because #ahnemann is clearly stating that the antipathic metho "ill al"ays fail in curing the persistent symptoms, that is, the chronic iseases. -n treatment of chronic iseases the symptoms often persist or reboun after an initial amelioration, "hen the allopathic me icines are use , but the same is not true for acute iseases. -n acute iseases, the cause of the symptoms, "hich is commonly some form of infection, is often remove by the antipathic measures an you usually o not see a relapse unless the patient has very lo" vitality or the acute is actually an acute e!acerbation of an un erlying chronic complaint. ,hat is "hy "e often o not see a reboun of iarrhea or fever after a course of antibiotic. But o not assume that the antipathic mo e is goo for treating acute con itions. =e might not see a reboun phenomenon in acute iseases but "e often see lo"ere vitality as mentione in the last aphorism. =e also see increase susceptibility, more suppressions an increase ten ency for chronic iseases. =hen mo ern me icine "as not .mo ern/ enough, the epi emics "ere usually of acute iseases but "ith the a vent of all the anti-me icines, the acute iseases an epi emics might have gone o"n but the chronic iseases have blo"n out to pan emic proportions. So the antipathc mo e may be useful at times but it shoul not be the preferre first line of treatment in most con itions. -n the ne!t aphorism, #ahnemann erives the conclusion that only a similar reme y is able to affect a cure. Met us rea "hat he says: A4 ,here remains, therefore, no other mo e of employing me icines in iseases that promises to be of service besi es the homoeopathic, by means of "hich "e seek, for the totality of the symptoms of the case of isease, a me icine "hich among all me icines F"hose pathogenetic effects are kno"n from having been teste in healthy in ivi ualsG has the po"er an the ten ency to pro uce an artificial morbi state most similar to that of the case of isease in ;uestion.

-n aphorism AAn , #ahnemann state that only those me icines shoul be use "hich have a kno"n similar or opposite action on the isease con ition. -n the A1r aphorism, he then e!poses the failure of antipathic mo e in treating chronic iseases. So in this aphorism he lays o"n his conclusion that the only acceptable mo e of employing me icines on sick is the homeopathic metho . )n only those me icines shoul be applie "hose action has been ocumente by testing on healthy in ivi uals. )part from this, - "oul like to ra" your attention to a phrase that #ahnemann has use in this aphorism. #e use the "or s .the case of disease/ t"ice in this aphorism. ,his is significant because many mo ern teachers teach to ignore the nosological isease "hile focusing entirely on the mental an emotional symptoms or the EU&S symptoms. #ahnemann has no"here sai so. #e i ask us to in ivi uali6e each case of a isease an he i say that the mental an emotional symptoms an EU&S symptoms are often more important. But no"here has he sai not to use the information an kno"le ge about the isease. Eeople think that thinking about the . isease/ in classical homeopathy is a crime. ,hey only have to think about .the case/. ,hey forget that ha there been no . isease/ an no . isease/, there "oul be no caseO Co" in the ne!t aphorism, #ahnemann reiterates the importance of symptom-similarity an also lays o"n the fact that the potency an ilution are also very important. Met us rea "hat he says: 67 - Co", ho"ever, in all careful trials, pure e!perience,2 the sole an infallible oracle of the healing art, teaches us that actually that me icine "hich, in its action on the healthy human bo y, has emonstrate its po"er of pro ucing the greatest number of symptoms similar to those observable in the case of isease un er treatment, oes also, in oses of suitable potency an attenuation, rapi ly, ra ically an permanently remove the totality of the symptoms of this morbi state, that is to say F> < 2<G, the "hole isease present, an change it into health8 an that all me icines cure, "ithout e!ception, those iseases "hose symptoms most nearly resemble their o"n, an leave none of them uncure .
2

- o not mean that sort of e!perience of "hich the or inary practitioners of the ol school boast, after they have for years "orke a"ay "ith a lot of comple! prescriptions on a number of iseases "hich they never carefully investigate, but "hich, faithful to their school, they consi er as alrea y escribe in "orks of systematic pathology, an reame that they coul etect in them some imaginary morbific matter, or ascribe to them some other hypothetical internal abnormality. ,hey al"ays sa" something in them, but kne" not "hat it "as they sa", an they got results, from the comple! forces acting on an unkno"n ob7ect, that no human being but only a Lo coul have unravele results from "hich nothing can be learne , no e!perience gaine . Hifty years of e!perience of this sort is like fifty years of looking into a kalei oscope fille "ith unkno"n colore ob7ects, an perpetually turning roun 8 thousan s of ever changing figures an no accounting for themO #ahnemann makes a couple of very important statements in this aphorism.

2. Eure e!perience using prove me icines is the high an only source of kno"le ge for the healing art. A. ) me icine that has pro uce the ma!imum number of similar symptoms uring a rug proving on a healthy human being removes the totality of symptoms of a isease state. 1. ,he me icine has to be given in suitable potency an ilution to be most effective, that is, to be able to cure rapi ly, totally an permanently. ,his is again of great significance as many mo ern ay teachers claim that potency an ose is of little significance, it is the similarity alone that counts. ,here are people "ho treat every case "ith a 13C or a 2$. ,hese people shoul rea the %rganon again. 4. Co" to make it clearer #ahnemann has sai that a isease state "ill be remove ;uickly, totally an permanently -H the me icine selecte is kno"n to pro uce very similar symptoms uring rug proving )C* is given in suitable potentise an ilute oses. ,his implies that t&e more simi)ar t&e medicineA t&e more rapid t&e cure. But .similarity/ is a relative "or . ,here coul be many reme ies "ith ifferent egrees of similarity to a given case. So t&is a)so imp)ies t&at t&e )ess t&e simi)arityA t&e )ess rapid is t&e resu)t 3 but t&e resu)t cou)d sti)) be t&ereG %f course the reme y shoul not be totally off-the-hook. %ther"ise there "on/t be any results. ,his e!plains "hy "e are able to get ecent results even "ith partially similar reme ies. )nother implication is that if the reme y is less similar, the result may not be .ra ical/ an .permanent/. Such a reme y may only be able to palliate or remove some set of symptoms but "ill not be able to cure the patient in totality. So the result that "e get "ill epen upon the egree of similarity. -f the reme y is .the simillimum/, "e "ill see ra ical an rapi cure. -f it is a very close simillimum, "e "ill still manage to cure, though not as rapi ly as is the i eal. )n if it is still less similar, "e "ill be only able to palliate or remove partial set of symptoms. :. -n this aphorism he also says that "hen the symptoms are remove in totality, no part of the isease remains an the health is restore . ,his line has been "ritten to counter the claims of some people, "ho use to say that by using homeopathic reme ies, the symptoms may isappear but the isease remains "ithin. #ahnemann has ma e it clear at many points that the symptoms are the language of the isease. ,he symptoms are in icators of the isharmony "ithin. -f there are no symptoms, it only means that the isease has been cure in totality an the health of the in ivi ual has been restore . So "e see that #ahnemann has e!plaine in great etail about the kno"le ge of me icine in these aphorisms. =e "ill continue this iscussion ne!t month "hen "e "ill e!plore Natures Law of Cure an "ill try to fin out "hy "e are more susceptible to our reme ies in the isease state. ,ill then try to absorb this lecture. - "ish you all a very #appy an #omeopathic Ce" QearO

Understanding Aphorism 28 to 29 How Homeopathy Medicines Work?

%ctober 2:, A33@ by 9anis& 1&atia Hile un er %rganon D Ehilosophy V %pat&y E;ineA OctoberA 6..D Erint ,his Eage V Meave a Comment

Abstract/Excerpt Misten ,o ,he )u io Mecture for )phorism A0 to A@ F$E1/<mbG -n our last lecture "e stu ie Cature/s Ma" of Cure, "hich states: ) "eaker ynamic affection [...]

=isten To T&e Audio =ecture for Ap&orism 6+ to 6D *92,/8mb0 -n our last lecture "e stu ie Cature/s Ma" of Cure, "hich states: A weaker dynamic affection is permanently e"tinguished in the living organism &y a stronger one( if the latter )whilst differing in kind* is very similar to the former in its manifestations)fter e!plaining Cature/s Ma" of Cure in aphorism A< an stating that homeopathy me icines also cure because they "ork accor ing to nature/s la", it "as time to e!plain ho" an "hy homeopathic reme ies cure iseases. ,his *r. #ahnemann oes in the ne!t t"o aphorisms. #ahnemann ha al"ays believe that it is better to focus on practical aspects of sickness "ith the help of the changes one can perceive through his senses an that empty theoretical speculation shoul be avoi e . -n the intro uction to the %rganon of $e icine, he states:

The partisans of the old school of medicine flattered themselves that they could .ustly claim for it alone the title of rational medicine( &ecause they alone sought for and strove to remove the cause of disease( and followed the method employed &y nature in diseasesTolle causam/ They cried incessantly- 0ut they went no further than this empty e"clamation- They only fancied that they could discover the cause of disease1 they did not discover it( however( as it is not percepti&le and not discovera&le- 2or as far the greatest num&er of diseases are of dynamic origin and dynamic nature( their cause is therefore not percepti&le to the senses1 so they e"erted themselves to imagine one( and from a survey of the parts of the normal( inanimate human &ody )anatomy*( compared with the visi&le changes of the same internal parts in persons who had died of diseases )pathological anatomy*( as also from what they could deduce from a comparison of the phenomena and functions in healthy life )physiology* with their endless alterations in the innumera&le mor&id states )pathology( semeiotics*( to draw conclusions relative to the invisi&le process where&y the changes which take place in the inward &eing of man in diseases are affected 3 a dim picture of the imagination( which theoretical medicine regarded as its prima causa mor&i14 So you can see #ahnemann "as clearly against putting up theoretical constructs to e!plain ho" me icines "ork. #e "as more concerne about the practical application of the reme ies to cure the sick. Qet, there "ere people "ho "ante to kno" ho" homeopathic reme ies "orke . )n there still are lots of such people, "ho cannot believe their o"n senses till somebo y comes up "ith a scientific e!planation of "hat they perceive. So #ahnemann i give an e!planation in aphorism A@. But before that he place a "arning in aphorism A0 for the kin of people mentione above. Met/s see "hat he sai : E 6+ As this natural law of cure manifests itself in every pure e"periment and every true o&servation in the world( the fact is conse5uently esta&lished1 it matters little what may &e scientific e"planation of how it takes place1 and ' do not attach much importance to the attempts made to e"plain it- 0ut the following view seems to commend itself as the most pro&a&le one( as it is founded on premises derived from e"perienceSo he says that "hen the truth is so clearly visible to our senses, he oes not attach much importance to ho" the internal ynamics of the bo y an the reme y are "orking an interacting. #ahnemann kne" that creating empty speculations here "oul have opene up a Ean ora/s bo! everybo y "oul have come up "ith his o"n hypothesis. #ahnemann "ante everyone to focus on the clinical application of the reme ies. But times have change no". -t has been nearly A33 years since #ahnemann "rote those lines an to ay #omeopathy not only en7oys a "i e an gro"ing user base, but its clinical efficacy is also fairly "ell ocumente . ,he .rational me icine/ FallopathyG of #ahnemann/s time has also become much more sophisticate in this time, "ith a much

better un erstan ing of the .material/ tolle causam. - personally feel that if #omeopathy has to take the ne!t big leap, "e "ill nee to ans"er t"o fun amental ;uestions: 2. #o" is information store an transmitte in homeopathic reme ies> A. #o" o the reme ies interact "ith biological systems> Kntil "e o this, homeopathy "ill continue to remain on the fringes of me ical science. ,he goo thing is that no" lot of people are making great efforts to fin out the ans"ers to these ;uestions. Mea ing physicists an scientists like Erof. &ustom &oy, Erof. -ris Bell, *r. )le! #ankey, *r. Mionel $ilgrom, *r, $artin Chaplin an many others have create an increasing kno"le ge base to fin out the un erlying cause an effect of the homeopathic reme ies. )lso, there is an ever-increasing group of people focusing on the clinical research. Ce!t month, that is Covember A33@, "e are going to publish a special issue of Homeopathy # $veryone that "ill focus on all these scientific evelopments. #aving sai that, - must reiterate that #ahnemann "as very "ise in putting up this "arning. #e kne" "here his priorities lay an "hat "as in the best interest of this ne" system of me icine. So after giving this "arning, #ahnemann i give an e!planation to ans"er the people, "ho al"ays "ante to kno" ho" homeopathic reme ies "orke . Met us rea aphorism A@ an fin out "hat #ahnemann sai : E 6D As every disease )not entirely surgical* consists only in a special( mor&id( dynamic alteration of our vital energy )of the principle of life* manifested in sensation and motion( so in every homoeopathic cure this principle of life dynamically altered &y natural disease is sei6ed through the administration of medicinal potency selected e"actly according to symptom!similarity &y a somewhat stronger( similar artificial disease! manifestation- 0y this the feeling of the natural )weaker* dynamic disease!manifestation ceases and disappears- This disease!manifestation no longer e"ists for the principle of life( which is now occupied and governed merely &y the stronger( artificial disease! manifestation- This artificial disease!manifestation has soon spent its force and leaves the patient free from disease( cured- The dynamis( thus freed( can now continue to carry life on in health- This most highly pro&a&le process rests upon the following propositions#ahnemann is saying that iseases are primarily of t"o types surgical an ynamic. *ynamic iseases are those that start "ith the erangement of the vital force, or as "oul say, isturbance in the biological thermo ynamic e;uilibrium. =e have alrea y iscusse that the curative po"er of homeopathic me icines lies in their ability to pro uce similar symptoms. So "hen a homeopathic reme y is a ministere , it pro uces symptoms similar to the e!isting isease con ition. #ahnemann says that "hen the bo y is affecte by a similar but stringer ynamic isturbance, the "eaker ynamic isturbance ceases to have an effect on the bo y an isappears. But ho" oes this happen> Met me try to give an e!planation.

Suppose a ynamic isturbance is affecting a bo y to a level .a/. ,he bo y is putting in .!/ resources to get the e;uilibrium back. %bviously the .!/ resources are not sufficient because the vital force is erange an it nee s more effort to get ri of the isturbance .a/. #ence the isease state is persisting. Co" "e give a homeopathic reme y that pro uces a similar but stronger state .)/ in the bo y. ,he bo y no" perceives this as a greater threat an mounts greater efense using its reserves. ,he ne" efense.W/ "oul be stronger than the previous one. -f the ne" efense is sufficient to get ri of the isturbance .a/, .a/ "oul cease to e!ist. Co" "hat "oul happen to the artificial isturbance .)/> ,his being pro uce by controlle application of me icines, is short live an isappears on its o"n an the bo y is no" healthy once again. ,his is a basic e!planation for #ahnemann/s "or s, but please remember that #ahnemann/s "or s an my e!planation of them still constitute a hypothesis. =e o nee to prove it. But if you are a homeopath, on/t feel restricte by the lack of scientific e!planations. Met the physicists "ork on these ;uestions an they "ill sure fin the ans"ers for us some ay. )s a clinician put all your energies into .e!periencing/ the truth of homeopathy. ,he proof of the pu ing, lies in its eatingO Co", one last foo for thought before "e en this lecture. =hen "e .prove/ a me icine, the me icine oes not seem to "ork uncon itionally. -t "ill prove on some an not on others, epen ing upon the sensitivity an the susceptibility of the person. But "hen a person is sick an in nee of a particular me icine, it nearly al"ays "orks seemingly uncon itionally. #ave you ever "on ere "hy> =e "ill ans"er this ;uestion in our ne!t lecture. ,ill then, en7oy homeopathyO

Abstract/Excerpt Summary: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various tools like observation, perception, [...]

Summary: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various tools like observation, perception, history-taking given by the patient/atten ant, clinical e!amination etc. in or er to fin a reme y for the patient using our kno"le ge of #omeopathic $ateria $e ica, %rganon of $e icine, an &eparatory. Index ''''An Overview of Case-Takin ! ! ! ( ( ( "efinition Ob#ectives "r$ S$ %a&nemann's (uide)ines *ap&$ +, to -./0

A 1road Sc&eme of Case-Takin (ist of Case-Takin %omeopat&ic Case-Takin and 2at&o)o ica) "ia nosis 34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose A 5ote on Tota)ity of Symptoms 34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose 3(uide)ines of "r$ Samue) %a&nemnn

An Overview of Case Takin

"efinition: Case taking is the process of collecting all the facts about the patient, using various tools like observation, perception, history-taking given by the patient/atten ant, clinical e!amination etc. in or er to fin a reme y for the patient using our kno"le ge of #omeopathic $ateria $e ica, %rganon of $e icine, an &eparatory.

)ccor ing to *r. Stuart Close: +,he purpose of homeopathic e!amination is to bring out the symptoms of the patient in such a "ay as to permit their comparison "ith the symptoms of the materia me ica for the purpose of selecting the similar or #omeopathic reme y. Ob#ective of Case-Takin : Collection of all the facts pertaining to the patient, "hich may help in reaching to the totality of the patient an thereby help in fin ing the correct similimum. -t is also sai that a case we)) taken is a case &a)f cured. "r$ Samue) %a&nemenn's uide)ines re ardin t&e art of case-takin *r. #ahnemann in his .%rganon of $e icine/, aphorisms 01-234, has given the follo"ing instructions regar ing the metho of case-taking: 501: ,his in ivi uali6ing e!amination of a case of isease, for "hich - shall only give in this place general irections, of "hich the practitioner "ill bear in min only "hat is applicable for each in ivi uali6ing case, eman s of the physician nothing but free om from pre7u ice an soun senses, attention to observing an fi elity in tracing the picture of the isease. 504: ,he patient etails the history of his sufferings8 those about him tell "hat hear him complain, of ho" he has behave an "hat they have notice in him, the physician sees, hears, an remarks by his other senses "hat there is of an altere or unusual character about him. #e "rites o"n accurately all that the patients an his frien s have tol him in the very e!pressions use by them. 9eeping silence himself he allo"s them to say all they have to say, an refrains from interrupting them unless they "an er off to other matters. ,he physician a vises them at the beginning of the e!amination to speak slo"ly, in or er that he may take o"n in "riting the important parts of "hat the speakers say. 50:: #e begins a fresh line "ith every ne" circumstance mentione by the patient or his frien s, so that the symptoms shall be all arrange separately one belo" the other. #e can thus a to any one, that may at first have been relate in too vague a manner, but subse;uently more e!plicitly e!plaine . 50<: =hen the narrators have finishe "hat they "oul say of their o"n accor , the physician then reverts to each particular symptom an elicits more precise information respecting it in the follo"ing manner8 he rea s over the symptoms as they "ere relate to him one by one, an about each of them he in;uires for further particulars8 e.g., at "hat perio i his symptom occur> =hat is previous to taking the me icine he ha hitherto been using> =hilst taking the me icine> %r only some ays after leaving off the me icine> =hat kin of pain, "hat sensation e!actly, "as it that occurre on the spot> =hat "as the precise spot> *i the pain occur in fits an by itself, at various times> #o" long i it last> )t "hat time of the ay or night, an in "hat position of the bo y "as it "orst, or cease entirely> =hat "as the e!act nature of this or that event or circumstances mentione - escribing in plain "or s.

50?: )n thus the physician obtains more precise information respecting each particular etail, but "ithout ever framing his ;uestions so as to suggest the ans"er to the patient, so that he "ill be misle to ans"er yes or no8 else he "ill be misle to ans"er in the affirmative or negative something untrue, half true, or not strictly correct, either from in olence or in or er to please his interrogator, from "hich a false picture of the isease an an unsuitable mo e of treatment may result. 500: -f in these voluntary etails nothing has been mentione respecting several parts or functions of the bo y or his mental state, the physician asks "hat more can he be hol in regar to these parts an these functions, or the state of his isposition or min 8 but in oing this he only makes use of general e!pression, in or er that this informants may be oblige to enter into special etails concerning them. 50@: =hen a patient has by these etails given of his o"n accor an in ans"er to in;uiries, furnishe the re;uisite information an trace a tolerably perfect picture of the isease, the physician is at liberty an oblige to ask more precise, more special ;uestions. =hat sort of taste has he in his mouth> =hat kin of foo an rink are most relishe > =hat are most repugnant to him> #as each it/s full natural taste, or some other unusual taste> #o" oes he feel after rinking or eating> #as he anything to tell about the hea , the limbs, or the ab omen> 5@3: =hen the physician has finishe "riting o"n these particulars, he then makes a note of "hat he himself observes in the patient, an ascertains ho" much of that "as peculiar to the patient in his healthy state.

"r$ Samue) %a&nemenn's uide)ines re ardin t&e art of case-takin

5@2: ,he symptoms an feelings of the patient uring a previous course of me icine o not furnish the pure picture of the isease8 but, on the other han , those symptoms an ailments "hich he suffere from before the use of me icines or after they have been iscontinue for several ays, give the true fun amental i ea of the original form of the isease, an these especially the physician must take note of. =hen the isease is of a chronic character, an the patient has been taking me icine up to the time he is seen, the physician may "ith a vantage leave him some ays ;uite "ithout me icine, or in the meantime a minister something of an unme icinal nature an efer to a subse;uent perio the more precise scrutiny of the morbi symptoms, in or er to be able to grasp in their purity the permanent uncontaminate symptoms of the ol affection an to form a faithful picture of the isease. 5@A: But if it be a isease of a rapi course, an if its serious character a mit of no elay, the physician must content himself "ith observing the morbi con itions, altere though it may be by me icines, if he cannot ascertain "hat symptoms "ere present before the

employment of me icine, in or er that he may at least form a 7ust apprehension of the complete picture of the isease in its actual con ition, that is to say, of the con7oint mala y forme by the me icinal an original isease, "hich from the use of inappropriate rugs is generally more serious an angerous than "as the original isease, an hence eman s prompt an efficient ai , an by thus tracing out the complete picture of the isease he "ill be enable to combat it "ith a suitable homeopathic reme y, so that the patient shall not fall a sacrifice to the in7urious rugs he has s"allo"e . 5@1: -f the isease has been brought on a short time, or, in the case of a chronic affection, a consi erable time previously, by some obvious cause, then the patient-or his frien s "hen ;uestione privately-"ill mention it either spontaneously or "hen carefully interrogate . 5@4: =hen in;uiring into the state of chronic iseases, the particular circumstances of the patient "ith regar to his or inary occupation, his usual mo e of living an iet, his omestic situation, an forth, must be "ell consi ere an scrutini6e , to ascertain "hat there is in them that may ten to pro uce or to manifest isease, in or er that by their removal the recovery may be promote . 5@:: -n chronic iseases the investigation of the signs of isease above mentione , an of all others, must be pursue as carefully an circumstantially, as possible, an the uni;ue peculiarities may be atten e to, partly because in these iseases these are the most characteristic an least resemble those of acute iseases, an if a cure is tom be affecte they cannot be too accurately note 8 partly because the patients become so use to their long sufferings that they pay little or no hee to the lesser accessory symptoms, "hich are often very pregnant "ith meaning-often very useful in etermining the choice of the reme y-an regar them as almost a necessary part of their con ition, almost as health, the real meaning of "hich they have "ell-nigh forgotten in their sometimes fifteen or t"enty years of suffering, an they can scarcely bring themselves to believe that these accessory symptoms, these greater or lesser eviation from the healthy state, can have any connection "ith the principal mala y. 5@<: Besi es this, the patients themselves iffer so much in their ispositions, the some, especially the so-calle hypochon riacs an other persons of great sensitiveness an impatient of suffering, portray, their symptoms in too vivi colours an , in or er to in uce the physician to give them relief, escribe their ailments in e!aggerate e!pressions. 5@?: %ther in ivi uals of an opposite character, ho"ever, partly from false mo esty, partly from a kin of mil ness of isposition or "eakness of min , refrain from mentioning a number of their symptoms, escribing them in vague terms, or allege some of them to be of no conse;uence. 5@0: Co", as certainly as "e shoul listen particularly to the patients escription of his sufferings an sensations, an attach cre ence especially to his o"n e!pressions

"here"ith he en eavors to make us un erstan his ailments-because in the mouth of his frien s an atten ants they are usually altere an erroneously state -so certainly on the other han , in all iseases, but especially in the chronic ones, the investigation of the true, complete picture an its peculiarities eman special circumspection, tact, kno"le ge of human nature, caution in con ucting the in;uiry an patience in an imminent egree. 5@@: %n the "hole, the investigation of acute isease, or of such as have e!iste but a short time, is much the easiest for the physician, because all the phenomena an eviations from the health that has been recently lost are still fresh in the memory of the patients an his frien s, still continue to be novel an striking. ,he physician certainly re;uires to kno" everything in such cases also8 but he has much less to in;uire into8 they are for the most part spontaneously etaile on him. 5233: -n investigating the totality of the symptoms of epi emic an spora ic iseases it is ;uite immaterial "hether or not something similar has ever appeare in the "orl before un er the same or any other name. ,he novelty or peculiarity of a isease of that kin makes on ifference either in the mo e of e!amining or of treating it, as the physician in any "ay regar the pure picture of every prevailing isease as if it "ere something ne" an unkno"n an investigate it thoroughly for itself, if he esires to practice me icine in a real an ra ical manner, never substituting con7uncture for actual observation, never taking for grante that the case of isease before him is alrea y "holly or partially kno"n, but al"ays carefully e!amining it in all its phases8 an this mo e of proce ure is all the more re;uisite in such cases, as a careful e!amination "ill sho" that every prevailing isease in many respects a phenomena of a uni;ue character iffering vastly from all previous epi emics, to "hich certain names have been falsely applie "ith the e!ception of those epi emics resulting from a contagious principle that al"ays remain the same, such as small-po!, measles, Dc. 5232: -t may easily happen that in the first case of an epi emic isease that presents itself to the physician/s notice he oes not at once obtain a kno"le ge of its complete picture, as it is only by a close observation of several cases of every such collective isease that he becomes conversant, "ith the totality of its signs an symptoms. ,he carefully observing physician can, ho"ever, from the e!amination of even the first or secon patients, often arrives so nearly at the kno"le ge of the true state as to have in his min a characteristic portrait of it, an even to succee in fin ing a suitable, homeopathically a apte reme y for it. 523A: -n the course of "riting o"n the symptoms of several cases of this kin the sketch of the isease becomes even more an more complete, no more spun out an verbose but more significant, an inclu ing more of the peculiarities of this collective isease8 on the one han the general symptoms become precisely efine as to their peculiarities an on the other, the more marke an special symptoms "hich are peculiar but to fe" iseases an of rarer occurrence, at least in the same combination, become more prominent an constitute "hat is characteristic of this mala y. )ll those affecte "ith the isease prevailing at a given time have certainly contracte it from one an the same source an hence are suffering from the same isease8 but the "hole e!tent of such an epi emic

isease an the totality of its symptoms can not be learne from one single patient, but is only to be perfectly e uce an ascertaine from the sufferings of several patients of ifferent constitutions. 5231: -n the same manner as has here been taught relative to the epi emic isease, "hich are generally of an acute nature, the miasmatic chronic mala ies, "hich, as - have sho"n, al"ays remain the same in their essential nature, especially the Esora, must be investigate , as to the "hole sphere of symptoms, in a much more minute manner than has ever been one before, for in them also one patient e!hibits a portion of their symptoms, a secon an thir , an so on, present some other symptoms, "hich also are but a portion of the totality of the symptoms "hich constitute the entire e!tent of this mala y, so that the "hole array of the symptoms belonging to such a miasmatic, chronic isease, an especially to the Esora, can only be ascertaine from the observation of very many single patients affecte "ith such a chronic isease an "ithout a complete survey an collective picture of these symptoms, the me icines capable of curing the "hole mala y homeopathically cannot be iscovere 8 an these me icines are, at the same time, the true reme ies of the several patients suffering from such chronic affections. 5234: =hen the totality of the symptoms that especially mark an istinguish the case of isease or, in other "or s, "hen the picture of the isease, "hatever be its kin , is once accurately sketche , the most ifficult part of the task is accomplishe . ,he physician has then the picture of the isease, especially if it be a chronic one, al"ays before him to gui e him in his treatment8 he can investigate it in all its parts an can pick out the characteristic symptoms in or er to oppose to these, that is to say, to the "hole mala y itself, a very similar artificial morbific force, in the shape of a homeopathically chosen me icinal substance, selecte from the list of all the symptoms of the me icines "hose pure effects have been ascertaine . )n "hen, uring the treatment, he "ishes to ascertain "hat has been the effect of the me icine, an "hat change has taken place in the patient/s state8 at this fresh e!amination of the patient he only nee s to strike out of the list of the symptoms note o"n at the first visit those that have been ameliorate , to mark "hat still remains, an a any ne" symptoms that may have supervene .

A 1road Sc&eme of Case Takin

-$ %istory or interro ation of t&e patient Fa.G Earticulars of the patient Fb.G Eresent complaints Fc.G Eersonal history F .G East history Fe.G Hamily history

Ff.G 6$ ,$ /$ 7$ 8$ :$

#omeopathic generalities 2&ysica) examination 2rovisiona) dia nosis Specia) investi ation C)inica) dia nosis 9iasmatic dia nosis "ia nosis of t&e patient-Individua)i;ation

+$ T&erapeutic dia nosis-by tota)ity of symptoms t&rou & t&e process of eva)uation after interpretation and ana)ysis$

(ist of Case-Takin
F) apte from +) Brief Stu y Course in #omeopathyI by *r. Jli6abeth =right.G I$ T&e patient's story$ II$ 9oda)ities as app)ied to eac& of t&e above symptoms in t&e fo))owin order: Fa.G Cause Fb.G Ero orme, onset, pace, se;uence, uration Fc.G Character, location, laterality, e!tension an ra iation of pain or sensations. F .G Concomitants an alterations Fe.G )ggravation or amelioration. 2. ,ime Fhour, ay, night, before or after mi nightG8 perio icity8 seasons8 moon phases. A. ,emperature an "eather8 chilly or "arm bloo e usually, chilly or "arm bloo e in present illness8 "et, ry, col or hot "eather changes8 sno" storm, thun er storm8 hot sun, "in , fog, sno"8 open air, "arm room, changes from one to another, stuffy cro" e places, raughts, "armth of be , heat of stove, uncovering. 1. Bathing Fhot, col , or seaG, local applications Fhot, col , "et, or ryG.

4. &est or motion Fslo", rapi , ascen ing, or escen ing, turning in be , e!ertion, "alking, on first motion, after moving a "hile, "hile moving, after moving, car an seasicknessG. :. Eosition: stan ing, sitting Fknee-crosse , rising from sittingG, stooping Frising from stoopingG, lying Fon painful si e, back, right or left si e, ab omen, hea high or lo", rising from lyingG, leaning hea back"ar , for"ar , si e-"ise, closing or opening eyes, any unusual position such as knee-chest. <. J!ternal stimuli: touch Fhar or lightG, pressure, rubbing, constriction Fclothing etc.G, 7ar, ri ing, stepping, light, noise, music, conversation, o ours. ?. Jating: in general Fbefore, uring, after hot or col foo or rinkG, s"allo"ing Fsoli s, li;ui s, emptyG, aci s, fats, salt, salty foo , starches, sugar an s"eet8 green vegetables, milk, eggs, meat, fish, oysters, onions, beer, li;uor, "ine, coffee, tea, tobacco, rugs etc. 0. @. ,hirst: ;uantity, fre;uency, hot, col , or ice , sours, bitter, etc. Sleep: in general Fbefore, uring, on falling asleep, in first sleep, after, on "akingG

23. $enses: before, uring, after, or suppresse . 22. S"eat: hot or col , foot s"eat, partial or suppresse . 2A. %ther ischarges: blee ing, cory6a, iarrhoea, vomiting, urine, emissions, leucorrhoea, etc., suppression of the same. Ff.G Strange, rare, an peculiar symptoms. III$ T&e patient as a w&o)e: 2&ysica) (enera)s and 9enta) (enera)s$ 2%<SICA= (E5E>A=S Fa.G ,he constitutional type of the patient. Fb.G )ilments from emotions: Suppressions Femotion ischarges such as menses, s"eat, leucorrhoea, catarrh, iarrhoea, etc.8 eruptions8 iseases e.g. malaria, rheumatic fever, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc8 of pathology e.g. haemorrhoi s, fistulae, ulcers, tonsils, tumors, other surgical con itions etc.G8 from e!posure of co , "et, hot, sun, etc. from mechanical con itions e.g., overeating, in7ury, etc.G Fc.G $enses: ate of establishment, regularity Fearly or lateG, uration, colour, consistency, o our, amount, clots, consistency, aggravation or amelioration before, uring, or after Fboth physically an mentallyG, menopause Fsymptoms ofG.

F .G %ther ischarges: cause, colour, consistency, o our, acri , or blan , symptoms from suppression of, symptoms alternating "ith8 hot or col , partial ischarges as of s"eat, laterality, better or "orse from ischarges Fbefore, uring, or afterG. Fe.G Sleep: better or "orse from, position in aggravation after, ifficulty in getting to sleep, "aking fre;uently or early, at "hat hour, somnambulism, talking in sleep, reams, restless uring. Ff.G &estlessness: prostration, "eakness, trembling, chill, fever, etc.

Fg.G )ggravations an )meliorations referring to patient as a "hole. Fh.G %b7ective symptoms e.g., re ness of orifices, superfluous hair, applying to the patient as a "hole. Fi.G Eathology, "hich applies to the patient as a "hole, e.g., ten ency to tumors, "ens, cysts, polyps, "arts, moles-in ivi uals an family ten ency to certain isease or "eakness of specific organs of tissues Falso relate to Fa.G above an to physician e!aminationG, fre;uency of catching col . 9E5TA= (E5E>A=S Fa.G =ill: loves, hates an emotions Fsuici al, loathing of lifeG8 lasciviousness, revulsion to se!, se!ual perversions8 fears8 gree , eating, honey, emotionality. Smoking, rinking, rugs8 reams8 homici al ten encies, esire or aversion to company, family, frien s8 7ealousy, suspicion, obstinacy, contrariness, epression, lo;uacity, impatience, conscientiousness. Fb.G Kn erstan ing: elusions, elirium, hallucinations, mental confusions, loss of time sense. Fc.G -ntellect: memory, concentration, mistakes in "riting an speaking. I4$ ?uick review of conditions of every system and or an be innin wit& &ead to foot$ 4$ 2ast &istory of t&e patient$ 4I$ @ami)y &istory$

2&ysica) Examination
T&is inc)udes enera) surveyA )oca) examination and enera) examination$ *A$0 (enera) Survey:

F2.G FA.G F1.G F4.G F:.G F<.G F?.G F0.G F@.G F23.G F22.G F2A.G F21.G

Leneral assessment of illness $ental state an intelligence Built an state of nutrition )ttitu e Lait Hacies:- look at the face *ecubitus:- position of patient in be Colour of skin Eallor Skin eruptions Eulse &espiration ,emperature

*1$0 =oca) Examination:

,his is the most important part of physical e!amination, as a careful local e!amination "ill give a efinite clue to arrive at a iagnosis. By local e!amination, "e mean e!amination of the affecte region. -t shoul be one using follo"ing clinical metho s of e!amination: F2.G -nspection looking at the affecte part of the bo y. -t shoul be carrie out after complete e!posure of the affecte part. -t shoul be compare "ith the correspon ing normal appearance, "henever possible. FA.G Ealpation feeling the affecte part by han s. -t "ill not only corroborate the fin ings seen in inspection but also a e information an "ith traine han s may not re;uire any further e!amination to come to a iagnosis. F1.G Eercussion listening to the tapping note of a finger place over another finger or a percussion hammer. F4.G )uscultation listening to the soun s pro uce "ithin the bo y "ith the help of a stethoscope.

F:.G $ovements an $easurements movements of the 7oint concerne an measurements of the affecte part are important in orthope ic cases an cases of nerve in7uries an trauma. F<.G J!amination of the Mymph Co es helps in clinical iagnosis of many acute an chronic inflammatory con itions an also the nature of any neoplastic gro"th i.e. "hether benign or malignant, an the e!tent of metastasis.
*1$0 (enera) Examination:

-t is re;uire to e!clu e any systemic isease in a patient coming "ith a locali6e problem. -t is also helpful in fin ing the real cause of a symptom occurring in a particular organ "hen the cause of the locali6e symptoms lies some "here else in the bo y. Hor e. g8 pain in shoul er can be ue to pressure on iaphragm by some ab ominal pathology.

Attributes for Case Takin

,he case recor shoul be analy6e for the follo"ing attributes: F2.G Jach of the symptoms must be complete "ith regar to the sensation, location, mo ality, an concomitant. FA.G ,he symptoms shoul have a chronological or er of evelopment an progress. F1.G ,hey must be ivisible into sub7ective an ob7ective ones. F4.G ,he symptoms must be ivisible into generals an particulars. F:.G Jach of the general or particular symptoms must be ifferentiate as common or uncommon. F<.G ,he gra e of each symptom must be carefully note . F?.G ,he peculiar combinations, or concomitance, or alteration of certain symptoms, if present, must be clearly note . F0.G Jnvironmental, occupational an other e!ogenous influences on the case must be epicte . F@.G ,he past history an the family history of the case shoul be given ue attention. F23.G ,he case recor shoul be neat, or erly, comprehensible, an complete in all respects

%omeopat&ic Case Takin and 2at&o)o ica) "ia nosis

3 4iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose + ,he iagnosis of the isease by mo ern metho s is base largely upon physical signs, tests, an reactions, involving the use of many instruments of precision, in "hich the patient takes no active part, an of "hich he has kno"le ge. ,he selection of the homeopathic reme y on the other han , is base very largely an sometimes entirely on the phenomena, or e uctions ra"n from the phenomena, of sub7ective, conscious e!perience, perceive only by the patient an state by him to the e!aminer. Cearly all of the ob7ective phenomena possessing value from the stan point of homeopathic therapeutics are of such a character that they re;uire the e!ercise of only the physical senses an or inary po"ers of observation by the patient, his frien s, or the physician himself. ,his istinction shoul be kept clearly in min . J!amination for the purpose of pathological stu y an for iagnosis are necessary an important in their several fiel s8 but from the stan point of homeopathic pharmaco-therapeutics, their importance is relative, not absolute. )si e from the physical an organic locali6ation of isease, they furnish comparatively little that is of value to the homeopathic prescriber in his special "ork of selecting the symptomatically similar me icine.I +NN.-n this spirit "e may all cooperate for the best interests of our profession an our patients, an agree "ith #ahnemann in the postulate of the first paragraph of the +%rganonI: +,he highest an only mission of the physician is to heal the sick.I Jvery me ical specialty is subor inate to that i eal. ,he "ork of the homeopathic prescriber, ealing "ith specifically "ith the application of me icines to isease accor ing to a efinite principle for the purpose of curing such con itions as are amenable to me icines, must ever remain one of the most important of the functions fulfille by the physician.I

A 5ote on t&e BTota)ity of SymptomsC

34iews of "r$ Stuart C)ose + ,he totality of the symptoms means, first, the totality of each in ivi ual symptom. ) single symptom is more than a single fact8 it is a fact "ith its history, its origin, its location, its progress or irection, an its con itions.I +NN.,he totality of symptoms means all the symptoms of the case "hich are capable of being logically combine into a harmonious an consistent "hole, having form, coherency, an in ivi uality. ,echnically, the totality is more than the mere numerical totality of the symptoms. -t inclu es the +concomittanceI or form in "hich the symptoms are groupe .I +NN,he +totalityI is not, therefore, a mere hapha6ar , fortuitous 7umble of symptoms thro"n together "ithout rhyme or reason, any more than a similar hapha6ar collection of pathogenetic symptoms in a proving constitutes $ateria $e ica. ,he totality means the sum of the aggregates of the symptoms: not mere the numerical aggregates'the entire number of the symptoms as particulars or single symptoms'but

their sum total, their organic "hole as an in ivi uality. )s a machine set up complete an in perfect or er is more than a numerical aggregate of its single issociate parts, so the totality is more than the mere aggregate of its constituent symptoms. -t is the i ea or plan, "hich unites them in a special manner to give them its characteristic form. )s the parts of a machine cannot be thro"n together in any hapha6ar manner, but each part must be fitte to each other art in a certain efinite relation accor ing to a preconceive plan or esign'+assemble I, as the mechanics say'so the symptoms of a case must be +assemble I in such a manner that they constitute an i entity, an in ivi uality, "hich may be seen an recogni6e as "e recogni6e the personality of a frien I 3(uide)ines by "r$ Samue) %a&nemann in &is BOr anon of 9edicineC: 5<: ,he unpre7u ice observer'"ell a"are of the futility of the transcen ental speculations "hich can receive on confirmation from e!perience'be his po"ers f penetration ever so great takes note of nothing in every in ivi ual e!cept the changes in the health of the bo y an of the min "hich can be perceive e!ternally by means of the senses8 that is to say, he notes only eviations from the former healthy state of the no" isease in ivi ual, "hich are felt by the patient himself, remarke by those aroun him an observe by the physician. )ll these perceptible signs represent the isease as a "hole e!tent8 that is, together they form the true an only conceivable portrait of the isease. 52:: ,he affection of the morbi ly erange , spirit like ynamis that animates our bo y in the invisible interior, an the totality of the out"ar ly cogni6able symptoms pro uce by it in the organism an representing the e!isting mala y constitutes a "hole8 they are one an the same. 52?: Co", as in the cure effecte by the removal of the "hole of the perceptible signs an symptoms of the isease the internal alteration of the vital force to "hich the isease is ue'conse;uently the "hole of the isease'is at the same time remove , it follo"s that the physician has only to remove the "hole of the symptoms in or er, at the same, to abrogate an annihilate the internal change, that is to say, the morbi erangement of the vital force'conse;uently the totality of the isease, the isease itself. 520: Hrom the in ubitable truth, that besi es the totality of the symptoms nothing can be by any means iscovere in isease "here "ith they coul e!press their nee of ai , it follo"s un eniably that the sum of all the symptoms in each in ivi ual case of isease must be the sole in ication, the sole gui e to irect us in the choice of a reme y.