MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION OF DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PRINCIPLES

tolerance zone is defmed as the set of points P satisfjhg the condition

6.8 FREE STATE VARIATION

where

P' = the projection of 3 * o the surface generated by rotating C(B, r ) about the datum
axis t = the size of the tolerance zone, measured normd to the desired contour

(b) Confomuuzce. A surface confom to a total runout tolerance t. if all points of the surface lie withui some total runout tolerance zon. as defined above with t = t,. That is, there exist B and r such that with t = t, all points of the surface are within the total runout tolerance zone. ( C ) Actual value. The actual vaiue of total runout for a surface constructed around a datum axis is the smallest total runout tolerance to whch it will conform.

Free state variation is a t e m wed to describe distortion of a part afier removal of forces applied during manufacture. 2is distortion is prncipally due to weight and flexibility of the part and the release of intemal stresses resulting from fabrication. A part of this kind, for example, a part with a very thin wall in proportion to its diameter, is referred to as a non-rigid part, In some cases, it may be required that the part meet its tolerance requirements while in the free state. In others, it may be necessary to sirnulate the muting part interje in order to vehfi individual or related feature tolerances. lis is done by restraining the appropriate features. le restraining forces are those that would be exerted in the assembly or finctioning of the part. However, if the dimensions and tolerances are met in the pee state, it is usually nut necessary to restrain the part unless the eflect of subsequent restraining forces on the concernedfeatures could cause other features of the part to exceed specijed limits.