Research Paper

Southland By Nina Revoyr

DaVeena R. Mancha

English 100 Professor Ogden 12/1/2013

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Argument: In my paper I am writing about the community in Crenshaw which was also known as The Crenshaw District which was a neighborhood and district in southwestern Los Angeles, Cali ornia! I demonstrate and gi"e e#amples about how during the $%%&s a ected li"es o those who li"ed in the community! 'y incorporating the book Southland by (ina Re"oyr throughout my paper I talk about the relationship o real li e struggles o those who personal went though these tough times in our American )istory! *e ind one o the main characters +ackie ,ishida who is in"estigating a case o the death o our boys which leads her into her own grand ather-s history in Crenshaw!This paper mainly ocuses on the +apanese Americans and how their li"es were a ected by the war! As I continue with the post. *orld *ar / times and the a ter e ect o it! I take note upon how the +apanese Americans and A rican Americans in the community become closure in order to try and ight through the discrimination! Racism stood out in Crenshaw as the interracial Americans were treated un airly due to the 0udgment o Caucasians eeling other races do not belong in their society as a result o this the A rican and +apanese Americans grew closer as shown in the no"el Southland by (ina Re"oyr!

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1utline I! Crenshaw which was also known as The Crenshaw District is a neighborhood and district in southwestern Los Angeles, Cali ornia! a! 2irst body paragraph 0ust gi"es a little background o the town b! 3ome history related to the people in the community II! The post.*orld *ar II era is when many o the +apanese. Americans had established their li"es! a! This is around the time where many o the +apanese Americans started making Crenshaw a permanent home b! Describes the struggles the +apanese Americans went through as they were discriminate again in result o *orld *ar /! c! Relates the story o 2rank 3 and how his amily was a ected by the war d! Real li e e#perience as people ought to pro"e their loyalty! III! )ow this town was home to many di erent ethnic backgrounds, but although there was a "ariety o ethnicities there was di"ersity among the races and the Caucasian race was dominate! The role models o Crenshaw a! 2irst I talk about 2rank and his importance to the Crenshaw community as he became a role model to many o those who li"ed in the town b! Then I talk about a real li e role model Tyris as he pro"es that he could do better in his li e despite the hardships! i! This man a ects the li"es o others around him and encourages the li"es o young children! 4! (ot only is a person something someone can eel com ortable around or go to when they want to eel sa e but a place can create these eelings as well5 a! The )oliday 'owl and how it created and brought the Crenshaw community together as a whole b! It became the peoples home and they protected like it was their own!

I4!

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Da4eena 6ancha Pro ! 1gden 7nglish $&&. TR $/5$5$8

In the book Southland by (ina Re"oyr she writes about many di erent communities and their relations to history! 1ne o the cities I ound interesting was Crenshaw! This was a city in Los Angles in which 2rank 3akai one o the main characters in book Southland had grown up in! This city contained many stories that relate to real li e history! There was a lot o racism, police brutality, and po"erty in this town be ore, during and a ter *orld *ar /! The post.*orld *ar II era is when many o the +apanese. Americans had established their li"es! They struggled with the racism as well as the A rican Americans in the town! This town was home to many di erent ethnic backgrounds, but although there was a "ariety o ethnicities there was di"ersity among the races and the Caucasian race was dominate! During *orld *as / America begin to ear the +apanese Americans in result they elt containment was the only answer, thus leading to the internment camps! This way o thinking lead to un air treatment in the community as many o the policemen in this town contributed to this! Crenshaw was not only a town in the book Southland by (ina Re"oyr but also a town in real li e as it contained so much real li e history as it is demonstrated throughout the story! Racism stood out in this town as the interracial Americans were treated un airly due to the 0udgment o Caucasians eeling other races do not belong in their society as a result o this the A rican and +apanese Americans grew closer as shown in the no"el Southland by (ina Re"oyr!

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Crenshaw which was also known as The Crenshaw District is a neighborhood and district in southwestern Los Angeles, Cali ornia! It deri"es its name rom Crenshaw 'oule"ard, one o the city-s principal thorough ares! Crenshaw is bordered by Chester ield 39uare on the east, )yde Park on the south, 4iew Park.*indsor )ills on the west! The city also includes Leimert Park! The district-s boundaries are roughly 4an (ess and Arlington A"enues on the east, 7#position 'oule"ard on the north, La 'rea A"enue near 'aldwin )ills on the west, and roughly 3tocker 3treet : 3lauson A"enue on the south! The Crenshaw 3trip is the area directly on Crenshaw between 7#position 'oule"ard on the north and 4ernon A"enue on the south! Crenshaw is a largely residential area o single.story bungalows and low.rise apartment buildings, with an industrial corridor along +e erson 'oule"ard, and se"eral commercial districts! De"eloped rom the early $%/&s onward, Crenshaw was initially a "ery di"erse neighborhood o *hites which included many +ewish Americans and other 7astern 7uropeans! Co"enants on property deeds barred A rican Americans and Asian Americans rom owning real estate in Crenshaw! A ter courts ruled segregation co"enants to be unconstitutional, the area opened up to other races! A large +apanese American settlement established a home in Crenshaw which can still be ound along Coliseum 3treet, east and west o Crenshaw 'oule"ard! 'lacks started arri"ing in the $%;&s, and by the $%<&s were the ma0ority! 3ince the $%<&s, Crenshaw, Leimert Park and neighboring areas together ha"e ormed one o the largest A rican.American communities in the western =nited 3tates! Crenshaw su ered hea"y damage rom both the $%%/ Los Angeles riots and the $%%> (orthridge earth9uake! Crenshaw has signi icant middle.class areas, and some areas with some po"erty rates such as 'aldwin 4illage! During the $%&&s in the post. *orld *ar era the +apanese.American community had become established in Crenshaw! This town was one o the largest +apanese.American

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settlements in Cali ornia, with about ?,&&& residents around the $%<&! There was e"en a +apanese school called Dai.Ichi @akuen which at the time consisted o about <&& students! In the beginning o the $%<&s the +apanese American community began decreasing in siAe and +apanese.American businesses began lea"ing! 3cott 3hibya 'rown stated that Bsome sayB the e ect was a Bbelated responseB to the $%;C *atts riots and that Bse"eral residents say a wa"e o anti.+apanese.American sentiment began cropping up in the area, prompting urther departures! 6any o the +apanese.Americans had close relationships with the A rican.American community because o common senses o being discriminated against! These two ethnicities came together to try and ight through the racism! 'y $%?&, there were >,&&& +apanese ethnic residents, hal o the pre"ious siAe! 'y $%%& there were /,C&& +apanese.Americans, mostly older residents! 'y $%%8, the community was diminishing in siAe, with older +apanese Americans staying but with younger ones mo"ing away! That year, Dai.Ichi @akuen had $C students! This was a result o the +apanese being sent away to internment camps and mo"ing away rom the discrimination! In (ina Re"oyrDs book Southland it e#plains many di erent e#periences o the characters that relate to real li e history! 2or e#ample Re"oyr talks about 2rank 3akaiDs amily being sent away to the internment camps as a result o *orld *ar /! In chapter $& she demonstrates the hardships and emotional struggle many o the +apanese Americans went through in Crenshaw! During 2rank-s teenage years he e#perienced the result o *orld *as /! During this time i you were +apanese than you were taken as a threat regardless i you were +apanese.American! In result 2rankDs ather was taken and killed because they thought that he was a spy or +apan! As Americans grew threaten by all +apanese Americans they decided to keep a close eye on them! Later on 2rank, his mother, and his sister were taken to a camp along with the other +apaneseDs people in Los Angeles! 'e ore their departure se"eral o 2rankDs riends and their amilies came

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to their house with somethingDs they elt they might need during this time! )is mother was so grate ul or e"erything could not help but cry! Although the camps were not meant to be like the )olocaust the structure, ood supply and clothing was poor! )e wore some o the clothing gi"en to him by his riends as his mother had worn men clothing to try and keep her warm! It was hard or 2rank to lose both his sister and ather as an outcome o *orld *as /! 2rank later on then signed himsel up or the *ar! As many o the +apanese Americans ought to pro"e themsel"es trust ul o li"ing in American as well as in Crenshaw they began to "olunteer to ser"e in the =!3! 6ilitary! These men were young, college students risking their li"es to pro"e to America that this is our home and we are loyal to it! +eanne 3okolowski a writer rom Indiana =ni"ersity, 'loomington writes in her scholarly 0ournal article, EInternment and Post.*ar +apanese American Literature: Toward a Theory o Di"ine CitiAenshipF how we as Americans should ha"e a di"ine right when it comes to our citiAenship, and why is it that we must ight to pro"e our loyalty to this country! 3he continues in her article about the +apanese American culture as many Americans looking in elt that this was odd that the +apanese still highly "alued their culture more than the American culture! 3okolowski states in her article that, EThis a"enue to pro"ing oneDs national loyalty became a double.edged sword or +apanese American males and radically impacted how this group en"isioned and reconceptualiAed their relationship to the nation during and a ter the crisis o citiAenship and national identity orced by the war!F This demonstrates how the 9uestion o EoneDs national loyaltyF became an issue in result o the war! As this was orced onto them because o the war it lea"es us many to 9uestion, as to what i there was no war! *ould we still ha"e 9uestioned their loyaltyG I donDt belie"e so, do youG 3okolowski does a wonder ul 0ob intertwining her thoughts on the di"ine right to citiAenship as well as incorporating Lauren

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'erlantDs theory o Di"a CitiAenship as she writes about the A rican American *omen and how their citiAenship was being abused by the go"ernment! During the $%%&s in both Crenshaw in the book Southland along with real li e city had to deal with the racially impact as a result o 9uestionable citiAenship to this country! In the (inaDs book 3outhland you see that many o the A rican and +apanese Americans came together in order to ight against the discrimination! In Southland by (ina Re"oyr writes about how 2rank had "olunteered himsel into the army! 2rank 0oined the >>/nd Regimental Combat Team! This was one the teams that consisted only o +apanese American! During this time 2rank had went through many racial slurs and accusation along with one o his good riends Hen0i! They both had to go through this tough time in order to pro"e themsel"es loyal to the =!3! This was di icult to take in and took a lot o sel . control but these boys pulled through! 2rank had got in0ured rom a grenade, as he was thrown against a tree! )e was unconscious in and out or a good while as he was put into a body cast, had broken his legs, 8 rib bones broken, and lost $58 o his oot! 2rank was sent back home to reco"er! A ter coming home to his beaten up house it was not as bad as it could ha"e been thanks to 2rankDs riend 4ictor as he kept the lawn up and tried to keep away trespassers! 2rank went to physically therapy to regain his strength! 2rank had got a 0ob at a little shopI he really en0oyed working there and the owner really seemed to like him as well! Later 2rank was gi"en the shop and this was a place where the local A rican American boys elt sa e to be around! Although *orld *ar / made a huge impact on his li e he was able to o"ercome it and come home humble and rebuild is li e as many o the +apanese Americans at the time did! 6any +apanese and A rican Americans struggle with the racism during the $%&&s! This mindset o discrimination amongst races may ne"er changeI this is something that America as a whole needs to o"ercome! +apanese Americans were not the only ones in"ol"ed with the

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struggles li"ing in CrenshawI the A rican Americans struggled with the discrimination as well! 1ne i the biggest e"ent in result o discrimination was the *atts Riots! This was caused mainly because o the police! The racism in Crenshaw grew amongst the police as they become this army like igure! They would take matters into their own hands i they elt that the punishment gi"en to a non.Caucasian was not enough! The *atts Riots that went on in Crenshaw were "ery terri ying or the people that li"ed in these areas! 6any o the people would not e"en lea"e their homes because o them! During these times it made it hard or the mi#ed races to sur"i"e peace ully in their own neighborhoods! 6any o the A rican American Police also had to endure some o these harsh racial comments and actions! In the book 3outhland by (ina Re"oyr she describes the e#perience that the characters in the book had gone through! 2rank as a young man, Curtis as teen, Robert Thomas, all e#perienced the *atts Riots! In the 'ook 3outhland by (ina Re"oyr she talks about the riots, she later then e#plains that a ter it was o"er it was the last day o Curtis-s li e, as Lanier tries to igure out who killed him and the other boys, +ackie is le t to try and put pieces together as Lanier and hersel try to unsol"ed this mystery! This not only happened in the story but in real li e as the racial tension grew throughout the town! The i"e days o "iolence le t 8> dead, $,&8/ in0ured, 0ust about >,&&& arrested, and J>& million worth o property destroyed! The *atts riot was the worst urban riot in /& years! In the no"el Southland by (ina Re"oyr talks about the town Crenshaw! In this town during the $%%&s and on had e#perienced both the same type o un air treatment and history! In chapter nineteen o (ina Re"oyrDs book Southland e#plains how 2rank reached his breaking point! +ackie was a girl scout and she had to help sell cookies in ront o a grocery store! The parents took turns watching o"er the girls, it had been +ackieDs mother turn but she had an emergency and could not stay! Instead her grand ather had come to help herI he lo"ed doing

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things with +ackie because he missed out on things with his daughters! )e knew that Rose especially took it "ery hard and was 0ealous that rank was always trying to do or +ackie more than what he did or his own daughters! Lois had come to the store to help with +ackie! They notice +ackie go up to this white lady and ask her i she liked to buy cookies the lady simply 0ust ignored her, while another little girl not +apanese asked the lady the same 9uestion and she bought two rom her! This le t +ackie lost and con used as to what 0ust happened! 2ranks ears were red, his ists were tense, and Lois 0ust looked at him in total shock! As the lady walked to her car rank had ollowed her, he stood right in ront o her car! 3he looked at him in shock thinking he as craAy telling him to mo"e out the way! 2rank re used to mo"e until she bought a bo# o cookies rom his granddaughter this 0ust made the lady e"en madder as she re used to such a stupid thing! This did not help 2rankDs rustration as he pulled out his keys and began to scrape her car until she agreed to buy a bo# rom +ackie! The lady inally ga"e in, got o her car walked up to +ackie ga"e her i"e dollars "ery rudely and took the bo#es out her hand and walked away! +ackie was shocked as to what e#actly went down that day, but 2rank and Lois knew e#actly what happen! The lady called 2rank an asshole right in ront o +ackie, 2rank simply told her not to speak like that in ront o his grand ather and she walked away! This was +ackieDs irst e#perience to racism and she was not e"en old enough to understand! In result o the war many o those who li"ed in Crenshaw, mainly +apanese Americans had to go through the a ter e ect o the war and the racial tension it caused or many o these people! As A rican Americans as well went through the same treatment it was not caused by war but 0ust simply societyDs way o who was considered American rom a white mans perspecti"e theory! 3tacia 'ensyl, a writer rom the +apan 3tudies Association e#plains in her article ELi"es in Print: The Literary 6agaAine in +apanese American Internment Camps,F about the struggles o

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the li"es o those who were a ected by the Internment Camps! 'ensyl talks about personal stories o those who were in"ol"ed at the times be ore the camps, during them and end o the camps! 6any o these people had to endure the races 0udgment o those around them! They e#plained their struggles with the looks o others as they looked at them as i they were EmonstersF or EaliensF, not belonging to our country! These people in result o the war had to try and rebuild their li"es and relationship with the people in their community! 7"en in todayDs society Crenshaw still consist o many racist people! Throughout times like these there is always a role model in the town! 3omeone who gets along with e"eryone, someone that many can rely on, in the book 3outhland the role model in Crenshaw was 2rank 3akai! 2rank was well liked by both the +apanese and A rican Americans in his community! As 2rank owned a local shop it became a place or the local A rican American boys to come to when they needed to either eel sa e or ha"e someone to talk to! This man was always helping out people as he was a "ery humble and well liked man! Those who did not know him personally had wished they had! 2rank was "ery much in"ol"ed in his community as he tried to help the boys who were messed with during these times! During this time is was not easy being A rican American especially a young boy because many o the police always ound some reason to mess with them! This un air treatment cared on as many had done nothing to stop it! Although 2rank was not the strongest person his heart was and he looked out or the boys as much as he could! A ter his death many o the people that knew him were "ery heartbroken about his lost as they respect ul ga"e their condolences to the amily! 2rank was may ha"e not been the per ect ather but he did try and make up or it with his granddaughter +ackie! A ter his death +ackie ound out by her aunt Lois that her grand ather helped pay or her college tuition!

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This man was a strong person who cared or others and not 0ust himsel he not only helped his own but e"eryone else around him! There was not only a role model that e#isted in Southlands Crenshaw but also in todayDs real li e city Crenshaw! During these times many o the children in the community grew up in broken homes, causing them to eel like what is the point in doing anything! As the children in this town did not take their academics "ery seriously, it took only take one person to help change all that! Reporter Tanya +o 6iller writes about this in her article ECrenshaw )igh-s success stories: Tyris *illiams goes to =C Ir"ine or his whole community!F This is about a boy who grew up in Crenshaw under bad circumstances and o"ercame them to be where his is today! Tyris had lost his mother because she was "ery ill and died gi"ing birth to both Tyris and his twin brother! )is ather could not handle the lost thus leading him into drinking lea"ing the two boys in the care o their grandmother! TyrisDs brother had special needs that the grandmother could not care or putting them in child care! Despite these hardships and being tossed back and orth between homes Tyris was still able to succeed socially and academically! During the inter"iew 6iller states that TyrisDs high school 7nglish teacher, +ames Altuner, says ETyris raised the entire le"el o discourse in his class! )e says Tyris, always eager to learn, challenged students in a school where kids don-t always take kindly to academic criti9ue! They might not ha"e liked it i another student called them out academically, 'ut Tyris got a pass because they thought o him as a scholar and they respected that!B This demonstrates the role model Tyris has became to the local kids in his community as they respected him and listened to the Eacademic criti9ueF he had to o er! )e ga"e the children in his community hope to try and be better and do better or themsel"es! )e showed them that despite the hardships and the pressure o society they are still able to become something i they 0ust try! Tyris may not ha"e had came rom a amily in

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which he recei"ed academic ad"ice but it did not keep him to thri"ing on to bigger and better things! Tyris not only changed his li e but also changed and a ect those around him! (ot only can a person e ect a community but also a place! This place is where people in the Crenshaw community can go to in order to eel sa e and worry ree! An important landmark in both the story and real li e would be the )oliday 'owl! This was a place where many people came to either to rela# or ha"e some un this place was open to anyone! The )oliday 'owl consisted o a bowling alley and a restaurant5 little ca K! There di"ersity combined together and it showed through the people that came and the ood they ser"ed! As they had on their menu rice with chili and or gra"y, this uni9ue mi#ture was created by the +apanese, A rican and 6e#ican Americans in their community! This building meant a lot to this community as they ought to protect it during the riots! (ew ,ork Times writer Ryan Re t e#plains in his scholarly 0ournal E(ot 'owling Alone: )ow the )oliday 'owl in Crenshaw 'ecame an Integrated Leisure 3paceF about the importance o the )oliday 'owl in both real li e and in the book Southland by (ina Re"oyr! Re t states that, E*e-"e learned rom each other and gi"en to each other! It-s much more than 0ust a bowling alley! It-s a community resource!F This urther demonstrates the "alue o the )oliday 'owl as it bought the community closer together! As the di erent races throughout the community contributed to each other as they learned rom one another and grew as a whole! In (ina Re"oyr-s no"el 3outhland +ackie ,ishida goes on in"estigating leading her into her own grand ather-s history in Crenshaw! As +ackie continues to igure out the murder o the our boys she notices the black.Asian relationships and within the larger story o the )oliday 'owl! This is the place in which she inds her grand ather-s riend Hen0i, who had ought with 2rank in **II! )e had been deeply psychological wounded a ter to witnessing the birth o his child, which had resulted with the death o both his newborn baby and wi e at the hands o a racist, drunk,

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go"ernment doctor! A series o tragedies ollows Hen0i and his lo"ed ones! Although it may not make up or his amily-s hardship, Hen0i e"entually disco"ers the healing power o bowling! The )oliday 'owl not only became a sa e place or many but gi"es meaning to those who did not ha"e much le t in their li"es! In the no"el Southland by (ina Re"oyr she talks about many di erent communities and their relations to history! 1ne being Crenshaw which was a city in Los Angles that one o the main character 2rank 3akai had grown up in! This city contained many stories that relate to real li e history! During these times many o the people in the community dealt with the racism, police brutality, and po"erty o this town be ore, during and a ter *orld *ar /! The post.*orld *ar II era is when many o the +apanese. Americans had established their li"es! The struggles brought both the +apanese and A rican Americans closer together! This town was home to many di erent ethnic backgrounds, but although there was a "ariety o ethnicities there was di"ersity among the races and the Caucasian race was dominate! During *orld *as / America begin to ear the +apanese Americans in result they elt containment was the only answer, thus leading to the internment camps! This way o thinking lead to un air treatment in the community as many o the policemen in this town contributed to this! Crenshaw was not only a town in the book Southland by (ina Re"oyr but also a town in real li e as it related to many o the real li e history stories throughout the Crenshaw community! Racism stood out in Crenshaw as the interracial Americans were treated un airly due to the 0udgment o Caucasians eeling other races do not belong in their society as a result o this the A rican and +apanese Americans grew closer as shown in the no"el Southland by (ina Re"oyr!

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*ork Cited
Re t, Ryan! BDepartures!B HC7T! // Aug! /&$8! $% (o"! /&$8 Lhttp:55www!kcet!org5socal5departures5lando sunshine5intersections5not.bowling.alone. crenshaw.community.and.the.history.o .the.holiday.bowl!htmlM! Re"oyr, (ina! 3outhland! (ew ,ork: Akashic 'ooks, /&&8! 3okolowski, +eanne! BInternment And Post.*ar +apanese American Literature: Toward A Theory 1 Di"ine CitiAenship!B Melus 8>!$ N/&&%O: ;%.%8! Academic Search Premier! *eb! > (o"! /&$8 'ensyl, 3tacia! BLi"es In Print: The Literary 6agaAine In +apanese American Internment Camps!B Japan Studies Association Journal ?!N/&$&O: ?>.$&&! Academic Search Premier! *eb! > (o"! /&$8! B>>/nd R7@I67(TAL C16'AT T7A6!B Go For Broke National Education Center Preservin the !e ac" o# the Japanese American $eterans o# %orld %ar &&! 'roke (ational 7ducation Center, /&$8! *eb! $$ (o"! /&$8! 6iller, Tanya +o! BCrenshaw )igh-s 3uccess 3tories:!B 'PCC! (!p!, n!d! *eb! &/ Dec! /&$8! Re t, Ryan! B(ot 'owling Alone: )ow the )oliday 'owl in Crenshaw 'ecame an Integrated Leisure 3pace P Intersections P Land o 3unshine P HC7T!B 'CE(! (!p!, // Aug! /&$8! *eb! &/ Dec! /&$8

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Annotated Bibliography
Crenshaw, Los Angeles

$! 3okolowski, +eanne! BInternment And Post.*ar +apanese American Literature: Toward A Theory 1 Di"ine CitiAenship!B Melus 8>!$ N/&&%O: ;%.%8! Academic Search Premier! *eb! > (o"! /&$8! In this article +eanne 3okolowski a writer rom Indiana =ni"ersity, 'loomington talks about +apanese Americans and their di"ine rights o citiAenship! As she claims how we as Americans should ha"e a di"ine right when it comes to our citiAenship, and why it is that we must ight to pro"e our loyalty to this country! 3he continues in her article about the +apanese American culture as many Americans looking in elt that this was odd that the +apanese still highly "alued their culture more than the American culture! 3okolowski states in her article that, EThis a"enue to pro"ing oneDs national loyalty became a double.edged sword or +apanese American males and radically impacted how this group en"isioned and reconceptualiAed their relationship to the nation during and a ter the crisis o citiAenship and national identity orced by the war!F This demonstrates how the 9uestion o EoneDs national loyaltyF became an issue in result o the war! As this was orced onto them because o the war it lea"es us many to 9uestion, as to what i there was no war! *ould we still ha"e 9uestioned their loyaltyG I donDt belie"e so, do youG 3okolowski does a wonder ul 0ob intertwining her thoughts on the di"ine right to citiAenship as well as incorporating Lauren 'erlantDs theory o Di"a CitiAenship as she writes about the A rican American *omen and how their citiAenship was being abused by the go"ernment!

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/! 'ensyl, 3tacia! BLi"es In Print: The Literary 6agaAine In +apanese American Internment Camps!B Japan Studies Association Journal ?!N/&$&O: ?>.$&&! Academic Search Premier! *eb! > (o"! /&$8! In this article it e#plains about the struggles o the li"es o those who were a ected by the Internment Camps! 'ensyl talks about personal stories o those who were in"ol"ed at the times be ore the camps, during them and end o the camps! 6any o these people had to endure the races 0udgment o those around them! They e#plained their struggles with the looks o others as they looked at them as i they were EmonstersF or EaliensF, not belonging to our country! These people in result o the war had to try and rebuild their li"es and relationship with the people in their community! 8! B>>/nd R7@I67(TAL C16'AT T7A6!B @o 2or 'roke (ational 7ducation Center . Preser"ing the Legacy o the +apanese American 4eterans o *orld *ar II! 'roke (ational 7ducation Center, /&$8! *eb! $$ (o"! /&$8! In this article it discussed the >>/nd Regimental Combat Team and how they were a Ego or brokeF team which basically meant they were the team that was at risk to risk it all i they went out! The article goes into detail the di erent part o +apanese that ser"ed in this team! The men in"ol"ed on this team were known as the (isei, who were American.born sons o +apanese immigrants! In addition to that team there was another part o the team, they were considered the high.rolling (isei soldiers who came rom the )awaiian Islands N'abhaheadsO! The last part o the team consisted o the (isei rom the mainland NHatonkO! At irst it was di icult or these teams to get along because o the di erent percepti"e they grew up in! In addition to the teams, the articles e#plains how the >>/nd Regimental Combat Team ell out o e#istence as they stri"ed to pro"e themsel"es worthy o ighting or their country! 6any o the +apanese American. born students ga"e up their books in order to ightI this team later was called the 4arsity 4ictory 4olunteers! As the article e#plains this team got their chance to ight or their country! 6oney had di"ided the teams as they elt that somewhere more snotty then riendly! This "iew change 9uickly a ter being sent to "isit camps in Arkansas, the men o the >>/nd Regiment Combat Team became united >! Re t, Ryan! B(ot 'owling Alone: )ow the )oliday 'owl in Crenshaw 'ecame an Integrated Leisure 3pace P Intersections P Land o 3unshine P HC7T!B 'CE(! (!p!, // Aug! /&$8! *eb! &/ Dec! /&$8 The 0ournal talks about the )oliday 'owl as a place where many people came to either to rela# or ha"e some un this place was open to anyone! The )oliday 'owl consisted o a bowling alley and a restaurant5 little ca K! There di"ersity combined together and it showed through the people that came and the ood they ser"ed! As they had on their menu rice with chili and or gra"y, this uni9ue mi#ture was created by the +apanese, A rican and 6e#ican Americans in their community! This building meant a lot to this community as they ought to protect it during the

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riots! (ew ,ork Times writer Ryan Re t e#plains in his scholarly 0ournal about the importance o the )oliday 'owl! Re t states that, E*e-"e learned rom each other and gi"en to each other! It-s much more than 0ust a bowling alley! It-s a community resource!F This urther demonstrates the "alue o the )oliday 'owl as it bought the community closer together! As the di erent races throughout the community contributed to each other as they learned rom one another and grew as a whole!

C! 6iller, Tanya +o! BCrenshaw )igh-s 3uccess 3tories:!B 'PCC! (!p!, n!d! *eb! &/ Dec! /&$8 In this article Reporter Tanya +o 6iller writes about this in her article about a boy who grew up in Crenshaw under bad circumstances and o"ercame them to be where his is today these times many o the children in the community grew up in broken homes, causing them to eel like what is the point in doing anything! As the children in this town did not take their academics "ery seriously, it took only take one person to help change all that! Tyris had lost his mother because she was "ery ill and died gi"ing birth to both Tyris and his twin brother! )is ather could not handle the lost thus leading him into drinking lea"ing the two boys in the care o their grandmother! TyrisDs brother had special needs that the grandmother could not care or putting them in child care! Despite these hardships and being tossed back and orth between homes Tyris was still able to succeed socially and academically! During the inter"iew 6iller states that TyrisDs high school 7nglish teacher, +ames Altuner, says ETyris raised the entire le"el o discourse in his class! )e says Tyris, always eager to learn, challenged students in a school where kids don-t always take kindly to academic criti9ue! They might not ha"e liked it i another student called them out academically, 'ut Tyris got a pass because they thought o him as a scholar and they respected that!B Tyris may not ha"e had came rom a amily in which he recei"ed academic ad"ice but it did not keep him to thri"ing on to bigger and better things! Tyris not only changed his li e but also changed and a ect those around him! ;! B*atts Riots!B %atts )iots! The Ci"il Rights Digital Library, /& (o"! /&$8! *eb! /% (o"! /&$8! This website talks about the *atts Riot, which happen on August $$, $%;C! As it e#plains an e#perience o 6ar9uette 2rye who was a young A rican American motorist who was pulled o"er and arrested by Lee *! 6inikus, a white Cali ornia )ighway Patrolman, or suspicion o dri"ing while into#icated! During this time a crowd o people began to orm in ront o 2rye-s arrest! This created tensions between police o icers and the crowd as a result a "iolent incident broke out! The outbreak o "iolence that ollowed 2rye-s arrest immediately touched o a large.scale riot centered in the commercial section o *atts! This a ected many o the A rican American neighborhoods in 3outh Central Los Angeles! 2or se"eral days, rioters o"erturned and burned automobiles and looted and damaged grocery stores, li9uor stores, department stores, and pawnshops! In result there was an attempt to create a cur ew in order to protect the people in

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these communities! These riots took the li"es o many! Although there were reported indings o the gubernatorial commission, ollowing the riot, city leaders and state o icials ailed to try and impro"e the social and economic conditions o A rican Americans li"ing in the *atts neighborhood! <! T, +! B=rban Dictionary: Crenshaw!B *r+an ,ictionar"! (!p!, $% Aug! /&&;! *eb! &/ Dec! /&$8! This website pro"ides in ormation on the land o Crenshaw, Los Angeles! As it contains the di erent opinions o the meaning or representation o the city Crenshaw! This was one o the largest middle.class black neighborhoods in the =nited 3tates! It state that despite hea"y damage rom the $%%/ riots and the $%%> earth9uake there were still A rican and +apanese le t in this community! Crenshaw was described as one o the most dangerous and "iolent neighborhoods!