Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lithuanian Self Instruction - Laukis
Lithuanian Self Instruction - Laukis
BY
the Assistance oi
E EDWARDS,
Practical
EflJRfiBwRiKBwfvRa
M, A.
Use by
who wish
Othuaniafu
Published by
Street
Lithuanian
Self -Instruction
.
BY
J.
REV.
C,
LAUKIS
of
E EDWARDS,
M, A.
who wish
Published by
Street
X 1908
M, N, O, P, R,
each one representing one invariable sound. The elementary sounds of the Lithuanian language are divided into Vocals, Semivocals and Consonants.
The
The
0, e, u,
into
Plain
and
Nasal sounds.
Plain Vocal
i,
a, e
(which
may
;
(which are always long sounds). The Nasal Vocal sounds are these a, $ \, y. They are always long sounds, formed from a combination of a, e, i, u, and sound n, as in bank. The literary language
:
some authors
in,
of to-day thus expresses these nasal sounds, although still prefer to write them thus: an, en,
un
resembling the French usage. Lithuanian orthography is phonetic, each character having one invariable sound. When once this is acquired, the pronunciation is easy. In order to give an idea to the English student of the Lithuanian language, of its elementary sounds, we deem it well to give an explanation below of every sound separately. The a sound is the same as the English a in the word/a?', viz.: Tas, th&t;kas, who. The e sound answers to the English a in the word pass, viz.: Per, through; ten, there. A and e sounds can be long and short.
2047153
4
i
in the
word
it,
viz.: Ir,
word book, viz.: Kur, where; tur, it has. The sounds and u are always short sounds, as here given. is the same as the English o in the word no^
i
through.
e is the
',
same
as English a in the
word fare,
viz.:
Nera' there is not; e'da, it eats. y is the same as English ea in the word pease, viz. Yra', there is; y'la, awl. u is the same as English oo in the word coo?, viz.: Kn'nas, body;su'm, cheese. These four sounds are
:
y in
the word
yes,
peculiarity of the j sound is that it is always used before vowels in order to soften them, viz.: ja, je, ji, jo, ju. After the vowel or in the middle of a syllable i is used, viz.: ai, ei, oi, ui:
she.
The
da-riau'
1
has two sounds: soft and hard. The soft sound of can be likened to the English in the word less; and its hard sound can be learned from a native teacher. In its utterance, the lips are set as for sound of o, the tip of the tongue remains behind the teeth, while the tongue itself is pressed partly between the teeth. The sound is soft when it stands before e, stands before a, i, ], y, and it is a hard sound when it 0, u, i|, u, or when it concludes a word. m and n have the same pronunciation as in EnI I ,
glish, viz.:
r
Man,
for
always has greater stress than in English and has the same sound, as in many continental languages, viz.: Ba'tas, wheel; ra'stas, writing.
v
va'ltis,
v,
viz.:
Va'ris,
copper;
be,
b is the
Bi'te,
same
as in English in the
t
:
word
is
viz.:
+ s and
Ca'ras,
pronounced
somewhat
sugar.
c/ar; cu'krus,
viz.
d is the same as the English d, work; du'rys, door. g answers to the English sound
Da'rbas,
in the
word
Kate
1 ,
game, viz.: Oa'las, end;gilu's, deep. k is the English k in the word keg, viz.:
cat; ka'le, bitch.
p is the nas, food. S is
English
p, viz.
pe'-
see,
viz.:
Sala',
is
tea,
viz.:
Te'vas,
father;
z is
that.
zeal, viz.
:
Kazo'kas,
thuanian language.
z
word
fi
Zo'dis,
word; zun's,
fish,
a softened t sound and answers to the English ch in the word church, viz.: Ra'tius, wheelwright;
gi'ncas, dispute.
sh, vjz.
Si'las,
heath:
in
the
same
as English
sound
begin-
to 'express
their
corresponding sounds which are lacking in the Lithuanian language. These three are: f, h, and ch. The first two of the three have the same sound as in English, the third one the ch sound is pronounced like ch in the Scotch word "focA", or in the Ger-
man word
ai
"zc/i"
I.
The diphthongs
like
i
are these:
ai,
au,
uo.
au
ei
like ey in they.
oi
ui
uo
well; sound;
Arm,
za'stas
foot, ko'ja
beard, barzda'
blood, krau'jas
bosom, globsti's
breast (chest), kruti'ne
e}'e,
left
aki's,/.
ear, ausi's,/.
chin, sma'kras
the
lip,
lu'pa
kum'stis,/.
finger, pi'rstas
flesh, kii'nas
mouth, burna'
forehead, kakta'
17
Relations.
mother, mo'tina
brother, bro'lis sister, sesuo'
uncle, de'de
nephew, giminai'tis
niece, giminai'te
girl,
mergina'
enemy, ne'vidonas
Nutriments.
Beer, alu's
glass, sti'klas
flask,
bonka'
punch, po'nsas
bread, duo'na rum, a'rakas fresh bread, sviezia' duo'na water, vanduo'
fresh butter, svie'ziassvie'-salt, druska'
cheese, su'ris
[stas
pepper, pipi'rai
salad, zalia'valgis soup, vi'ralas
honey, medu's
milk, pie'nas buttermilk, pa'sukos
alyva' fish, zuvi's
oil,
beefsteak, by'fstikas
coffee,
meat, mesa'
chocolate, Cekolia'das
lemonade, lemona'das
Town and Country. House and Garden. House, na'mas matress, matra'cas
garden, da'rzas
land, ze'me
oven, kro'snis
glass, sti'klas beerglass, ali'nis sti'klas
market, tu'rgviete,
street, ga'tve
wineglass, vy'nstiklis
church, bazny'Cia
post, krasa'
chair, kede'
field,
flau'kas
bank, ba'nka
theatre, tea'tras
hospital, ligo'nbutis
valley, klo'nis, m.
forest, giria'
bush, kru'mas.
heath, zi'dinis hill, kalva'
mill,
coffeehouse, kavi'ne
palace, ru'mas harbor, uo'stas
door, du'rys, /. pi. bed, lo'va
malu'nas
ia'udas
straw,
[ninkas
vi'rsi-
postmaster, kraso's
ridingmaster, jo'Cius
school, mokykla'
schoolmaster,
smith, ka'lvis smithy, ka'lve
mokyklo's
vi'rsininkas
shoemaker, ku'rpius
beard, barzda'
barber, barzdaskuty's
glazier, sti'klius nail, vini's
baron, baro'nas
officer, ofi'cieras
bishop, vy'skupas
archbishop, arkivy'skupas
The
Jacket, ku'zas
shoe, cevery'kas
Clothing.
wool, vi'lna
stick, lazdele'
brush, sepety's
cravat, ka'klarysis
Dog, suo
cat, kate'
rat, ziu'rke
sheep, avi's/.
mouse, pele'
swine, kiau'le hare, zui'kis
roe, sti'rna
lamb,
jere'lis
bear,
meska'
bull, bu'lius
elephant, dru'mblas
horse, arkly's
camel, kupranuga'ris
Birds, Fishes, and Insects.
Swan, gu'lbe
falcon, sa'kalas
carp, ka'rpe
herring, si'lke
eel,
goose, zasi's
stork, garny's
ungury's
frog, varle'
snipe, slanka'
worm, ki'rminas
spider, vo'ras
oyster, au'steris, m.
raven, va'rnas
lark, vytury's
crow, va'rna
nightingale, laksti'ngala
flea,
fly,
mu'se
bee, bi'te
sparrow, zvi'rblis
snail,
marble, ma'rmuras
copper, va'ris, m.
skardi's,/.
gypsum, gi'psas
lime, \i&'\kespl. chalk, kreida'
_ in _ J.\7
steel, plie'nas zink, ci'nkas
coal, angli's, /.
bronze, za'lvaris, m.
earth,
diamond, dei'mantas
pearl, zemfiiu'gas
ze'me
sand, smilti's, /.
stone,
crystal, kri'spolas
akmuo'
Ship, lai'vas
boat, va'ltis
uola'
mast, stie'bas [bas foremast, prie'kinis stie'- ground, tvi'rtzemis storm, audra' sail, pra'tiesas
rudder, sty'ras
fleet,
laivy'nas
Colors.
White, ba'ltas
red, raudo'nas
green, za'lias
yellow, gelto'nas
blue, me'lynas
orange, ge'lsvas
purple, purpuri'nis
violet, pijo'nkinis
Adjectives.
brown, pi'lkas
grey, zi'las
Old, se'nas
wide, platu's
good, ge'ras
rich, turti'ngas cold, sa'ltas
open, a'tviras
loud, garsu's right, desi'nis
wise, isminti'ngas
blind, a'klas
warm,
si'ltas
long, i'lgas
high, au'gstas
unwell, nesvei'kas
- 11
full, pi'lnas
hot, ka'rstas
cool, vesu's
thick, ti'rStas
neat, svaru's
thin, sky'stas
near, artu's
hard, kie'tas
light, sviesu's
broad, platu's
round, apskritu's
faulse, neti'kras
smu'lkus
sour, rugstu's
mild, le'ngvas
fresh, svie'zias
ripe, nusi'rpes
plo'ksc'ias
Verbs.
To
eat, va'lgyti
to wash, ska'lbti
to
comb, sukuo'ti
to help, ge'lbeti to give, duo'ti to make (do) dary'ti to do, dary'ti to ride, vaziuo'ti
to say, saky'ti to send, siu'sti
to think,
manyti
to seek, jiesko'ti
Affirmative Phrases.
Pati'krinamiejie sa'kymai.
It is true. It is so.
Teisy'be.
Teip yra.
it.
I believe
I
think
so.
I
I
I
am
certain.
As tikiu' tarn. As manau' teip. As teip sakau'. As sakau' teip yra. As esiu' ti'kras.
12
I
am
certain of
it.
As
You are right. You are quite right. I know it. I know it well. I know it positively.
I
I
I
promise promise
give give
it.
it.
it
to you.
As As As As As As As As
zinau' ta.
zinau' ta gerai'.
zinau' tikrai'.
pri'zadu. pri'zadu tau.
duo'du.
duo'du tau.
dao'siu tau.
Tukly'sti.
Jis kly'sta. As tikiu' jam.
He
I
is
wrong.
well.
believe him.
Very
Labai' gerai'.
Negative Phrases.
U'zginanti sa'kymai.
No.
say no. say it is not. It is not so. It is not true.
I I I
Ne.
ne.
As
neturiu'.
Jis netu'ri.
Mes netu'rime.
Jus netu'rite.
Jis nesa'ke.
He
said no.
13
I
it.
As
negirde' jau.
visai' kly'sti.
You
Tu
Interrogative Phrases.
Klausiamie'jie sa kymai.
Who was
What
it?
is it?
Who is it?
Did you say it? are you doing ? is he doing? Tell me.
What What
Will you
tell
me?
Why do you ask? Why shall I go? Why do you speak Why are you silent? Why did you go?
?
Kam
tu kla'usi?
as turiu' eiti?
tukalbi'?
tu
tyli' ?
Is it
ready
tuejai'? Ar pa'rengta?
Have you heard ? Where is it? Where is he? Where is she? Where are you ? Where are you going? Where do you come from ? Where were you ?
Ar
girde'jai?
Kur yra'? Kur jis yra'? Kur ji yra'? Kur jus? Kur jus ei'nate?
Is
kur
a'teini'?
Kur
Kas
tu buvai'?
yra'
?
What is it? What time is it? What o'clock is it? What have you ? What do you say?
Kieklai'ko?
Kelinta' valanda'?
Katu
turi'?
Katusakai'?
15
Go
to bed
it!
Eikgu'lti!
Fetch
Atgabe'nk!
Atne'sk! Atne'sk pas mane'! Lai sau bu'na! Atidu'ok man!
Lengvi' issireiski mai.
Pasaky'k
man
you
please.
Have the
Yes, Yes,
sir.
goodness.
Buk
teip ge'ras.
madam.
No, sir. No, madam. No, Miss. Do you speakLithuanian ? I do not speakLithuanian
I
Ar
kalbi' lietu'viskai?
lietu'viskai.
As ne'kalbu
speak
it
little.
Kalbu' trupu'tj.
I
I
it.
speak English. am an Englishman. I am not Lithuanian. Do you understand? Can you understand?
I
As suprantu'. As ne'kalbu. As kalbu' a'ngliskai. As esiu' a'nglas. As ne lietuvy's. Ar tu supranti' ? Ar gali' supra'sti?
Kalbe'k le'Ciau
Speak slower.
fast.
Tu
kalbi' pergrei'tai.
me
bread,
butter,
Duok man
duo'nos,
svie'sto,
water,
tea,
vande'ns,
arba'tos,
wine,
meat,
vy'no, meso's;
16
something
to eat,
ka-nors
va'lgyti,
ge'rti.
to drink.
Bring
me
Atne'sk
man
kavo's,
pie'no,
su'rio.
A'SifL
Issireiski'mai dziau gsmo.
What!
Is it possible
!
Ka!
Can
it
be!
How can it
Indeed!
be possible!
be!
it!
That cannot
I
Sorrow and
I
Joy.
dziau gsmas.
It is
It is
I
I
am am
Manli'nksma.
pleasure.
very glad.
It gives It gives
I
me me
great joy.
wish you
joy.
I congratulate you.
Svei'kinu tave'.
17
Anger and Blame.
I
Rusty'be
ir
ka'ltinimas.
am angry. He is angry.
As
pi'ktas.
Jis pi'ktas.
Nebu'k
pi'ktas.
Tu
kly'sti.
tiesa'.
You
Why
Be
Ta'vo
Kode'l to nedarai'?
Tyle'k.
quiet.
What
a shame!
As
to
much
Ta'vo di'dele
Neatsilie'pk. Buk kantru's.
[blame.
As
pasitaisy'siu.
Amzis.
How I am
I
Kaip se'nas
esi'?
He
tokia'
jauna'.
He must
I
be older.
As nemaniau',
toks se'nas.
Jis yra'
siij'
kad
tu
He
at least sixty.
maziau'siai se-
She must be
forty.
sim&u/.
How
He
is
old
is
your father?
te'vas?.
nearly eighty.
yra'
arti'
astuonii^'
18
Is
he so old ?
old
is
How
She
Is
your sister?
is fifteen.
she so young?
old
is
Ar
ji
How
She
It is
your aunt?
Kaip
is
nearly ninty.
sim5iu/.
a great age.
He
What
Ka
Ar
tu sakai'?
girdi'?
I don't
Do
Listen.
Come What
Klausy'k? Eikgian!
Kastas?
Atsaky'k! Kode'l neatsakai'?
Answer
Why
Ka Ka
You speak
suppose ?
Lithuanian,
Tu
manau'?
Labai mazai', ta'mista,
?
sight.
know him by name. I know him well. What do you call that?
I
As As
19
What
is
that in Lithua-
Kaiptasyra' lietu'viSkai*
nian? What do you call that in English ? What does that mean?
Kaip vadini'
kai?
ta
a'nglis-
Ka
tas rei'skia?
What
It is
is it
good for?
Kam
tas ti'nka?
Is it
Is it
Is it eatable Is it
Is it
drinkable? nice?
?
Is it fresh
Meeting.
Kaipei'nasi?
Kaip
turie'si?
Gana'
gerai'.
Tolerably.
Puse'tinai.
am am
is
not well.
unwell.
Man
negerai'.
Mannesvei'ka.
Jai nera' svei'ka.
She
is
not well.
He
She
not well.
Jamnera'svei'ka.
Ji se'rga.
is ill.
He
is
Man
As
da'nt^ge'lia.
must
go.
turiu' ei'ti.
20
I
am
It is
As
einu' daba'r.
ei'ti.
Lai'kas
I'ki
bye. Farewell.
I
Good
pasima'tymo.
Sudie'v.
Ye'liju
jums
la'bo ry'to.
Good
I
night.
Laba'nakt!
Ve'liju
tie's.
jums
labo's
nak
There
It is
A'plankos.
Ten
be'ldzia kas.
It is Mrs. B.
I
am
Li'nksma
maty'ti.
man
ta'mista
Pray be seated.
Meldziu'
se'stis.
What news
is
there?
Kokio's
naujie'nos
pas
Ar
of
[it.
tu tiki' tarn
don't believe a
word
Ne'tikiutam ne
zo'dziui.
think
so.
Who
It is
I
told
you?
It is true.
not true.
it.
Tai neteisy'be.
doubt
As Ar
abejo'ju. girde'jai ka
is
namu/ ?
Laisknesy's a'tnese
lai'skasia'dien.
man
Ar
Ne, a'Ciu.
As
negaliu'
li'ktis.
21
go. are in a great hurry. I have a great deal to do.
I
must
As
turiu' ei'ti.
You
Morning.
An
early morning.
Anksty'vas
Anksti'.
ry'tas.
nearly eight.
Light the fire. Light a candle. I am going to get up. Get me some hot water,
salti'nio vande'ns.
no towel.
soap.
me some
to
want
How
As
no'riu nusiprau'sti.
Kaip miego'jai?
Did you sleep well? Very well, thank you. Not very well.
I
I
Ar
was
so tired
from trav-
eling.
Breakfast.
Pu'sryciai.
Pu'sryfiiai padary'ta.
Ar
pu'srySiai padary'ta?
Come
to breakfast.
Ei'kiteprie pu'sry&tj.
(Let us breakfast.
the tea
made?
Ar
arbata' padary'ta?
22
Give
me
cup of
tea.
Ar
ba'ta?
Sita' grieti'ne rugsti'.
Ar
va'lgysitekiausi'nj?
me me
is
the
salt.
the butter.
fresh butter.
This butter
is
not fresh.
Si'tassvie'stasnera' svie'zias.
the coffee
strong
cups.
e-
We
daugiau'
cu'k-
sugar.
I'mkite daugiau'
raus.
Salta' mesa'.
Sta'ltiese.
The The
table-cloth.
sugar-bowl. Chocolate.
Cukrinai'te.
Cekoliada'.
Pei'lis.
A knife. A fork.
The
knife
is
Sake'les.
blunt.
Pei'lis atsi'pes.
We have finished
fast.
break-
Pa'baigeme pu'srygiauti.
Gali' ati'mti dai'ktus.
You can
things.
take
away the
23
Ordering Dinner.
Uzsisa kymas piety'.
order dinner.
the
bill
Show me
Waiter!
of fare.
Vi'ralas su makaro'nais.
roast beef?
Ar
tu'rite
kepto's jau'-
tienos?
Ne
fish.
sia'dien.
We have
very fine
Mes tu'rime
zuvie's.
labai' gero's
Vasi'las.
Roast-mutton.
Ar
We have
We shall
clock.
Tu'rime sampa'no.
Kuome't
da.
pietuo'site?
Pietuo'sime se'stava'lanO
Be punctual.
Dinner.
Buk
punktua'liskas.
Pie'tijs.
Kuomi' ta'mistai
patarnau'ti?
galiu'
Ar
nore'site vi'ralo?
a'c"iu.
Ne,
you
please.
Willingly.
Su
no'ru.
Help
It is
yourself. excellent.
I'mkite.
Puiku's va'lgis.
24
I like
Lithuanian cooke[ry.
Man
Man
Ar
pati'nka
lietuviu/
viri'mas.
nepati'nka sveti'mviri'mas.
saliij
varto'ji pipiru's?
Tu'rkiskus pipiru's.
Stai yra' spi'nakai.
Zi'rniai.
Zy'dkopustis.
Artichokes.
Potatoes.
Ba'dramos.
Bu'lves.
Give
me
the mustard.
plates.
Duo'kite
man
garsty'Siij.
Change the
Give
me
clean knife
Not
I I
very.
am am
am am
You
I I
As As
isa'lkes.
labai' isa'lkes.
Take a
Bring
ter.
me
a glass of wato
man
sti'kla
Give
I
me something
beer.
Duo'kite
man ka
alau's.
ge'rti.
drink.
want some
As no'riu
E'liaus ar
Po'rterio?
Bava'risko alau's.
Kamscia'traukis.
The
cork-screw.
25
I
want half a
hock.
bottle of
As no'riu pu'se * o
rei'nvynio.
bu'telio
Champagne.
Claret.
Sampa'no, Raudo'nvynio.
Po'rtvynio,
Se'rivynio.
Port.
hock.
It is cooling.
I
Let us drink
am
As
ateinu'.
torielai'te.
Atne'sk
The
Kur
-tongs?
krui?
Ring
ter.
if
A slice
Hand
Malone'kite paska'mbinti
Rieke'le duo'nos susvie'stu.
toast.
Padary'kite
dziovinivj'.
daugiau'
haste.
is
excellent tea.
green tea?
the best tea.
Ar
26
The
tea-tray.
Taca'.
Eilia'
A set of
arba'tdaik&ij.
Ar pa'baigete?.
I'mkite dar vie'na puode'lj.
cup.
Brown
bread.
White bread.
Stale bread.
New bread.
Biscuit.
Evening.
It is late. It is
Va'karas.
Yra' velu'.
not
late.
is it?
Nera' velu'.
Kelinta' yra' valanda'
?
What
o'clock
It is still early.
Dar yra'
anksti'.
Ar
e'sate pai'lse?
Visai' ne.
Nelabai'.
only ten.
my room ready ?
see.
Yra' tik desimta'. Lai'kas yra' gu'lti. Grazu's yra' va'karas. Yra' menesiena'. Ar ma'no rui'mas pritaisy'tas?
Go and
Sheets.
Eik
ir paziure'k. Paklo'des.
A blanket.
Good
I
Uzklo'de.
night.
Laba'nakt.
Ye'liju
ta'mistai labo's
naktie's.
am
sleepy.
Esiu' miegu'stas.
Ar
esi'
miegu'stas?
27
The Watch.
Lai'krodis.
What
o'clock
is it?
Kelinta' valanda'?
My
It
I
Ma'no
lai'krodis susto'jo.
Nei'na.
it
wind
too
up.
My watch
It is It is five It
is
fast.
too slow.
Ve'lina.
goes right.
o'clock.
One
Pirma' valanda'.
Pe'nkios
dvieju/. Be'rtainis
minu'tos
po
po
tri'jij.
Half past
Pu'se po keturiu/.
Be'rtainis i'ki penkiu/. Ly'giai se'sios. Dvi'desimts minu'Ciij i'ki septyniu/.
to seven.
Noon.
Midnight. The clock
is
striking.
Walking.
Shall
we take
shall
a walk?
Yes
let
us walk.
Where On the
There
we go?
road.
is
du'lkiij.
They They
What
the town.
28
.'
Kokia'
{
sita'.u'lyc'ia?
to?
kur
ji
ei'na?
A fine
street.
Handsome shops. Bad pavements. Look at the soldiers. Where is Grand street?
Straight before you. To the left hand.
Kur
the right hand. Is the village far from here? About a mile. A good hour.
To
5ia?
Pu'smylis.
Stai yra'.
Ei'kime vidu'n.
to...
Which
To
is
the
way
..
of
Does he
live here?
Ar jisgyve'na
Jis
2ia?
He
On On
me'.
Where?
the
first floor.
floor.
am
is
As
labai' gerai' su
juosu-
him.
He
my
friend.
29
I
..
A
Jis
pazy'stu
jj
seniai'.
Where
does he live?
in
He
lives
3.
is
Broadway,
No. "When
he
at
home?
jis gyve'na? gyve'na prie PlaCio'sios nu'meris tre'fiias. Kuome't jis bu'va na-
Kur
Rytmetyj'. Vakare'.
at
[mie'?
Ra'site
Jis
jj.
namie' a'ntra
netolie'sia.
va'landa. m
gyve'na
toli'
Zi'ngsnis ar
du nuo
Sia.
Can you
house ?
I will
me
to his
Ar Ar
yra'?
ga'lite nuro'dyti
man
jo
namu's?
lives.
This This
the market.
is
the street.
The
This
square.
is
Ple'cius.
to Lithua-
Ar
ei'nate
Lie'tuva?
When do you
going?
How long
I
you stay?
,
About a month.
shall
A'pie me'nesj.
Every thing
ready.
Vi'skas su'rengta.
30
I shall
to
Vaziuo'siu
I
gelezi'nkeliu
From
It is
New York
to
by
Is
steamer
most.
Labiau'siai
jums
Vaziuo'ju o'mnibusu.
station.
You
are late.
The
nutes.
Railway.
I
Gelezi'nkelis.
want a
ticket to Pitts-
As
The express- train. The ordinary-train. The luggage-train. Where is your luggage?
Here
it is.
Ekspresi'nis traukiny's.
Pa'prastas traukiny's.
Bagazi'nis traukiny's.
Kur
ju'sij
baga'zas?
Stai 6ia.
It is too
heavy.
to
Persunku's.
Tu'rite primoke'ti uz ta
You have
tra weight.
ka sve'ria virsau's.
Stai yra'
zui.
bi'lietai baga'-
the luggage.
Uzi'mkite sa'vo
vieta's.
isei's
Traukiny's tuojau's
31
The
It
kaip
greita'sis traukiny's.
Do we
stop here ?
Ar sto'jame si'ia?
stop
How
we
Kaipi'lgaistove'simec'ia?
Tai yra'
Teip,
ilga' kelio'ne.
i'ki
nuo desimte's
sali's.
dvy'likai valandu/.
Labai' grazi'
Pribu'vome ant
ga'lo.
Here
Yes,
it is.
Is this
Pittsburg?
Ar
madam.
The Steamer.
Teip, poniu'te.
Ga'rlaivis.
When
do you start?
start.
Kur
up-
yra'
ma'no lo'va?
parasy'ta
Ju'su,
va'rdas
ant jos.
32
Let us go on deck.
Ve'jas prie'singas
mums.
much
shall
the worse.
Tuomi'
arsiau'.
i'lga kelio'ne
We
Ture'sime
sage.
I feel sea-sick.
Sergu' ju'njliga'.
Steward.
glass of brandy. I am better.
Mai
stininkas.
Stikle'lis vy'nspiriCio.
Man
geriau's.
The The
I see
sea sea
is
is
getting calm.
quite smooth.
!
the harbor of
arrived.
Ham-
burg.
We have
Look
for
my
things. trunks.
du fiemodanu'.
Is it this
one?
the
Come
You
to
custom
mui'tinyc'ia
house.
will find all your luggage at the custom-
tus mui'tinyfiioje.
-house.
examine
this
Ar
ziure'site si'ta
2emo-
da'na?
Atidary'kite. Atraki'nkite.
to de-
Open
it.
it.
Unlock
clare?
Ar
tu'rite
ka
ispazi'nti?
33
Not that
All right.
know
of.
Lock
it.
Uzraki'nkite.
The
Hotel.
Vie'snamis.
Which
is
very
Yra'
keli' ly'giai
labai'
geri'.
Ei'kime
vie'snamj, Vik-
to'rija.
it
You
will find
very com-
Ra'site jj labai'
smagu'm
fortable.
mu/
lubij'.
Uzvakarieniau'kime tuojau's.
You
will find
majame kambary'.
Ga'lite gau'ti vakarie'ne bi'le kada'.
Ar
ju'sij
ruimai'
patai-
sy'ti?
Vi'skas
jums
pataisy'ta,
men.
Light the candles. I am very tired. I am going to bed. Call me to-morrow mornI
ta'mistos.
Uzzie'bk zvake's.
As As
labai' pai'lsgs.
einu' gu'lti.
Paza'dink
mane'
ryto'j
e'sta va'landa.
Bring
me
hot water.
34
How much
you? Charge the
do we owe
Kieke'same
kalti'
jums?
service.
Paskaity'kite na'vima.
tuo'ti.
uz patar-
gane'dinti. Labai'.
La'ba
ry'ta.
Ve'liju
jums laimingo's
kelio'nes.
Lietuviij' kalba'.
Ar
vikai?
Trupu'tj. As skaitau' labai' gerai',
tik negaliu' kalbe'ti.
A little.
read it very well, but I cannot speak it. You read very well. Do you speak LithuaniI
Ar
an?
I I
ba'?
Kalbu' trupu'tj.
it.
People speak so
little
Mazai' praktika'votes.
Ju'sij istari'mas yra' ge'ras.
You have
a good pro-
nunciation.
Who was
How
your teacher?
moki'n-
Kaip
te?
seniai'
ja ismo'ko-
A short
time only.
Without a teacher.
35
My
Your
It is
speaks
it
per-
ka'lba
ja
fectly.
pui'kiai.
a difficult language. will learn it soon. A month or two in Lithuania andyou will know
You
it.
Kur
A'pie Nau'miest.
I find
the pronunciation
altogether different
Man
easy.
It is
gva.
Visai' kito'kia kaip
an-
from English. Yes, the Lithuanian language belongs to the group of ancient Ian
guages.
It is
glu/ kalba.
very
interesting to
Labai'
domu'
yra'
is-
mo'kti ta ka'lb|.
Pava'saris.
rather mild.
The
to bud.
The
season
is
very for-
Se'zonas labai'
vas.
anksty'-
ward.
It is so pleasant.
36
The sun
so
Snowdrops.
Tulips.
Tu'lpes.
Hijaci'ntai. Prisiri'nk kiek.
please.
As many
as
you
is
The
season
ward.
Every thing
ward.
is
Summer.
Va'sara.
Summer is
It is
coming.
!
becoming warm.
very warm. very warm.
How warm
I feel It is
It is
Kaip
si'lta!
Man
labai' si'lta.
si'lta.
si'lta.
Labai'
too warm.
Perdau'g
almost hot. It is a fine day. It is a splendid day. The heat is great. The heat is unbearable. Let us take a bath.
It is
Ka'rstis nepake'nfiiamas.
Eime' issimau'dyti.
U'peje.
In the river.
It is
I
Yra' labai'
arti'.
That
I
very likely.
Asgirdziu' gria'udziant.
Gria'udzia.
.
Gria'udzia bai'siai.
Zaibuo'ja.
37
lightning. What a storm!
The
Zai'bas.
How
it
rains!
It pours.
to clear.
Dangu's pra'deda
stis.
svie'-
clearing
O'ras blaivi'nasi.
Summer
is
over.
Va'sara pasi'baige.
eveKa'rstis pe'rejo. Rytai' ir vakarai' ve'sus.
The
to
La'pai pra'deda
kri'sti.
The days are still fine. The days are closing. Autumn is interesting on
It is
Die'nos vis dar gra'zios. Die'nos ei'na trumpy'n. Ruduo' jdomu's yra' ant
Rei'no.
How happy
are!
It is
the people
a good vintage.
Ge'rasuzdere'jimas vy'nuogiu,.
We
to
make
dy.
It
We have
It is
It is
had a
fire alrea-
sy'kj
dark night.
Tamsi' nakti's.
38
Is it
moonlight?
Ar me'nuo
Ja'unatis.
Svie'Sia?
It is full
New
I
moon. moon.
think it will rain ?
Yra' pi'lnatis.
Do you
am
afraid so.
It hails. It rains.
It is
very windy.
Labai' ve'jas.
Winter.
It is winter.
Ziema'.
The days
It is cold. It is
It is It is
are so short.
Labai'
sa'lta.
It is foggy.
U'kanota.
overcast.
The sky
It will
It
Dangu's apsiniau'kes.
Snigs.
Snie'gti.
snow. snows.
It
snows in great
flakes.
Snie'gti
kai's.
dideliai's
plia-
It freezes.
Sa'la.
It freezes
very hard.
The
ice is thick
enough.
How
cold it
is
in Lithua.
Kaip
sa'lta Lietuvoje'!
nia!
In Lithuania
gland, but
It is
winters
finer.
much
bet
daug
graze'snes.
Sve'ikas o'ras.
Lei'dzia.
39
It is slippery. It is dirty.
Slidu'.
The The
ice is
thawing.
wet
ir
and
Christmas.
Christmas-eve.
As
Ra'salo,
Pens,
steel pen.
Ar
tu'rite
Ko'nvertij,
Stamps,
I
Krasa'zenkliij,
Lia'ko?
As no'riu
la'ksta
ra'somos popieros,
su'geriamos po'pieros.
Li'bra.
letter.
A quire.
I
have to write a
As
Peiliu'kas.
Daba'r rasy'siu.
Kelinta' diena' menesio?
month?
Where
Yra' sesio'likta.
Kur
yra' krasa'?
laiskai' isei'naj
Close by.
Cia pat.
letters
When
to Daily.
do the
go
Kuome't
England?
it
A'nglija? Kasdien.
Take
to the postoffice.
Nune'sk kraso'n.
40
Have you
ter?
I
Ar
uzantspaudzia'vote
lai'ska?
it.
forgot
As pamirsau'.
Where
Where
I
is
my seal?
Kur
yra'
ma'noant'spau-
da?
is it?
Take care
of the letter.
Ziure'k lai'sko.
Skalbeja'.
The Laundress.
You
bring
my
linen very
late.
well.
I'sskalbei gerai'.
my
collars stiff.
As myliu'
kakles.
stipria's api'-
You do
it.
Ne'dedi skorby'lo.
I miss a collar. See how badly that done. You must take it back.
As nerandu'
is
Ziure'k, kaip
api'kakles. neti'kusiai
tas padary'ta.
Turi ne'stis
This
is
badly ironed.
is
This shirt
scorched.
spoiled this
Sitie'
marskiniai' pride'-
ginti.
You have
shirt.
This handkerchief does not belong to me. You have torn this skirtYou have kept a pair of
stockings.
man.
Suple'sei si'ta sejo'na.
Nea'tnesei poro'spancia'kij.
A nightshirt is
wanting.
41
Ar
or
turi' sa'nskaita?
Turi'
must give
my
linen
to another laundress.
Pas ku'niga.
ever.
amzinu/jij.
uzpi'rkti
mi-
sia's sventa's.
Skaity'tas ar giedo'tas?
high mass?
Kokiai' die'nai?
Atei'naniam penkta'dieniui.
What
will
the funeral
Kick bus
kslu?
mass
We brought the
be baptized.
child to
A'tvezeme
kri'ksta.
ku'dik^
Eime' jbazny'ia.
Nore'Siau
zintj.
wish to go to confession.
atli'kti
i'spa-
The
he
priest
is
is,
sick person.
With the lawyer.
Pas advoka'la.
sir?
Ar ta'mista
tas?
esi'
advoka'-
42
Yes,
I
sir, I
am
a lawyer.
as esiu'
What
you had a fight with some fellow? No, I was held up, and beaten, and robbed of my money and now
they accuse me of the very same thing.
Kokia' mista
kliau'tis, ar
ta'-
susi'pesei
su
su'-
pasto'jo,
buk
tai as ta da'res.
proofs of
Ar
turi',
ta'mista'
ko-
your innocence?
I
vo nekalty'bei?
As
was
mane' pasto'jo
ple'se.
ir
api-
Did they sue you? No, they simply gave me into the hands of the police and the police
Ar jie ta'mista sku'nde ? Ne, jie tik ati'dave mane' J ranka's poli'cijos, o poli'cija pri'verte
mane' sude'ti
lai'dui
made me
bail.
furnish $500
tei'smas
to
nusamdy'ti
ir jiesko'ti
detektyvu's
plesi'kij.
am
sued for
libel.
43
as-
and battery.
to sue
want
is
him
for
slander.
That
a plain forgery
mane' uz uzpuoli'ma irsumusi'ma. As no'riu jjsku/sti uz apsmeizi'ma. Tai yra' grynai' prigaJie ka'ltina gy'stes byla'.
case.
The
judge
Teise'jas pa'smerke
jj.
uz
penitentiary
for
six
months.
di'ma apka'ltinimo.
Teisejai' nesusitai'ko. As turiu' by'la su kompa'nija.
The jury
I
my
Mane' su'zeide
bant.
man
di'r-
want
to
collect my
divorce
wages.
I
am
from
seeking
As
my
Ar manai'
am
Why
yes,
kyma nuo
if
sa'vo vy'ro?
any property.
O, teip, bra'ngi ta'mista, jei tik ta'mistos vy'ras tu'ri kokia' nuo'savybe.
Pas da'ktara.
doctor at
home?
Ar da'ktaras namie'?
Nera', bet
gry's.
He
tuojau's su-
Kuome't
re'?
jis
bu'va biu-
office?
44
~
Nuo
jij
From
9 to 12 A.
M. and
devyniu/
i'ki
i'ki
dvy'tri-
from 3 to 8 P. M.
liktai ry'to ir
re'.
nuo
astuoniu/ vaka-
What
As
die's.
My My
Neinu' lau'kan.
poor.
Man
nesiva'lgo gerai'.
Do you
sleep well?
Ar mie'gasi
Sometimes Hie awake in bed till midnight and get up in the morning
all tired out.
Did you
in the
try
warm
baths
Ar ba'ndete
silta's
mauir sa'l-
dyne's vakarai's
may
My
I
Ma'no au'sys
u'zia ausyse'.
u'zgultos,
there
ears.
a noise in
my
Man
aki's skau'da.
Da'ntj.
man
ge'lia.
Please
Meldziu'
tooth.
Which
I
hollow? can fill it up with gold, silver or cement: which would you rather have ?
tooth
is
45
It
if
Tas
vis tiek
kuomi',
jei
tik laiki's.
I
I I
have a cough.
As
be
ko's6iu.
Spiau'ju kraujai's.
Bijau'si,
kad
nebu'tij
dzio'va.
ground-
Ju'svj
will give
bes tuojau's.
How
is
this medicine
to
Kaip
sitie' vai'stai
i'mti?
be taken?
na
va'lgj.
One
pill
before retiring
in w|iter
to bed.
Ten drops
you
when
feel badly.
But how
diet?
is
it
with the
kai'p su valgiu'?
Eat everything you like but see that your stomach digests it.
Va'lgykite kas
ti'nka,
jums
pa-
tik
ziure'kite,
kad viduriai'
tij.
suvi'rin-
Can
Ar
ti
alau's?
No: you'd best abstain from drinking any liquor while you are under
ge'ralus
my
treatment.
46
In
a Restaurant.
Restaura'cijoje.
Give me a drink. Will you have something with me? Why not? with pleasure. Give me seltzer water.
Duok
issige'rti.
Duok man
se'lcerio.
As ne'geriu
jo'kiij
sti-
priu/ geralu/.
Give
me
Duok man
vande'ns.
ty'ro
so'dos
ter.
I will
As
Have a smoke. Have you good cigars ? Yes, sir, we have pure Havana cigars.
Uzsiriiky'k.
Hava'nos
ciga'nj.
Why don't
company?
Let us drink!
Ge'rkime!
health
I
To your good
Good
looks!
Uz
to
ju'sij sveika'ta!
Svei'kas!
is it
Whose
turn
now
sta-
furnish drinks?
Vaikinai',
gana' ge'rti,
ei'name namo'.
namo',
kol nepastaty'siu
jums
your wish,
let
us drink then.
When
will
we meet
a-
47
Conductor.
Kondu'ktorius.
All aboard.
Fares, please.
Kara'n.
Bi'lietus, meldziu'.
Ar
no'rite pe'rsezdzio?
Kur
want
to reach the
&O
As no'riu
sto'te.
ir
Kuome't traukiny's
na
j,
isei'-
St.
t
Lou'is'a?
atei'na
is
Kuome
New
At 12 A. M. Can I have my
with
Yes,
me on
Ar
dai'ktus su savi'm ant trau'kinio? Teip, jei ta'mista nori. Tu'rite apibilietuo'ti sa'-
vo dai'ktus.
is
too heavy
it
Si's ku'paras
persunku's
get a porter
for
and
you.
let
him carry
me my
I
Ar man
ly'kj,
ati'davete
ma'no
as ne-
change, conductor?
kondu'ktoriau?
Not
yet,
madam,
Dar
ne, ta'mista,
turiu'
smulkiu/
tuo
ta'rpu.
Can you take me to Washington park? No, madam, you have to take another car.
Ar
j
ga'lite nuve'zti
mane'
ki'ta ka'ra.
48
You have
Tu'rite
isli'pti
is Si'to
Uzdary'kite
Krei'pkites
j.
sita's duri's.
i's-
Face
Keep your
seat.
the
Nede'kite
dy'nes.
ant se-
Do not
The
spit
on the
floor.
Stop the
car, please.
In accident a
boy
was
killed.
What
a pity.
In School.
Kaip
gai'la.
us read.
is
Your reading
good.
How
Moky kloje. I'mkite skaitymeliu's ir paskaity'sime le'kcija. Paskai'tote gerai'. Kaip tu su'dedi si'ta zo'<H'
Yra' labai'
ta'rti.
sunku's
is-
How
Kaip tau
ei'nasi su skait-
numnum-
lia'vimu?
Man
skaitliuo'ti.
know
tions:
well
all
addition,
four acsub-
traction,
tion,
multiplicadivision.
and
I like to study
ics,
mathemat-
Man
pati'nka moki'ntis
ypati'nir
especially algebra,
matema'tika,
gai a'lgebra
trija.
and geometry.
geome'-
49
I like
PieSi'ma
myliu' ge[-
riau'siai.
Electricity
teresting science.
Chemistry
study.
is
Che'mija yra'
Kiekvie'nas mo'kslas
lau'ja gana' da'rbo.
pro'tisko
tykiai',
work.
Now
and
sit
still,
be
is
erect,
Daba'r sede'kite
listen.
tiesiai' ir klausy'kite.
Your deportment
bad.
Ta'vo pasielgi'mas
gas.
blo'-
What
Ko
tu kveto'ji?
Nesijuo'k
ranko've.
In the
Grocery Store.
Duo'kite mantrissvaru's
a'rmedruskes, vie'na bru'sa mui'lo, ke'turis svaru's mui'laskiedriij,
ir
bo'nka me'lio.
Ar
We
Tu'rime
Man
Ka tu,
mergai'te, no'ri?
50
Give
me
one cake of
Duo'kite
mieliu/
sai'niij.
man
ir
pound of
How much
is
a pound of
Kiek
yra'
sva'rui
cu'-
How
do you bacon?
sell
it
sell
your
c.
la'-
We
at 12|
Mes
parduo'dame
ir
po
pu'se
pound.
dvy'lika ce'ntvj
sva'ra.
Have you crab apples for making jelly? have Yes, ma'am, we plenty of them and nice
ones
too.
Ar
va'liai, irgeru/.
Your prunes
time, were
I
all
had
last
musty.
suple'ke.
Ar
agu'rkij,
salo'tij,
ridi-
asparagus,
cab-
ke'liij, sta'relitj,
stij,
kopu'a'n-
zaliu/ zi'rniij,
kstiniij pu'pij ir
zy'd-
kopusiiij.
Dvi
ga'lvi
ce'ntij
galva'.
51
Give
me
five cents
worth
Duo'kite
centu's
gu'rkij
tu'kij.
man
ir
uz penki's
a-
raugi'ntij
pake'lj deg?
Don't
you
wish
'!
any
very
Ar
neno'rite krienu/
yra'
horse-radish
It is
puiku' su desre'lemis.
No,
any meat.
"What
are
gome
eggs
meso's.
worth
sell
Kaip
sto'vi
daba'r kiaukiausi'niai
now?
Strictly fresh eggs now 25c. a dozen.
si'niai?
Visai' sviezi'
Let Let
Duo'kite
man
tu'zina.
Na'
Malone'kite
juos visu's
i
suvy'nioti kru'va.
it
at
my
Ar
j
ga'lite pristaty'ti
man
house?
Yes, ma'am, always.
Labor and Trades.
namu's?
amatai'.
Work
is
scarce now.
Darbu' mazai'
tera'
da-
People are idle all over the country. The coal miners are all on a strike. The wood workers do very little work.
Tailors
can't
complain
they
Ru'bsiuviai
sku'ndziasi
52
Work
is
slack every-
where.
Pi'lna
darbini'nkij,
da'rbo nera'.
Sa'ko,
They
kad
vi'sko yra'
The markets
are over-
The
.
situation
is
bad
for
new
sources
jies-
vers-
mu's
ir
dary'kime
ki-
tu's page'rinimus.
Kaipmyli' zemdirby'ste? Tai yra' sunku's, nuobodu's da'rbas, o u'zmokestis menka' irmaza'. Bet ba'do neke'si ant uke's.
Ir jau'si save
neprigultas,
mi'ngu
tei'pgi.
Palai'mintasyra'
ri's a'ria.
ku-
jame
ir tij,
kurie' siu'-
Just
look
get.
around and
lik apsiziure k
ir
apli'nk
stick to anything
you
ki'bkis prie
ko
tik
can
gali'.
53
I
am
Esiu'
bu'ti
daili'de
ir
galiu'
around
jan-
Ar
negale'Siau
gau'ti
Yes,
we need
one.
month
me'nesiui
ve'des?
ir
gyve'-
nimui ka'mbarius.
Ar
esi'
Teip,
am
As
As
I've just
mokiny'bes
ka'lveje.
dideleje'
and
temper tools?
I
As buvau'
bininku' tarn.
Esiu' be da'rbo gana' seniai', ar neduo'tumete
would
you give me
Ir
as
anything to do so that I could help myself? And what can you do? I can do any kind of hard
labor.
ka tu
gali' vei'kti?
AS
Ar mo'ki
kliai's?
vaziuo'ti
ar
54
I
can drive
er them.
horses*
and
As mo'ku
nau,
a'rklius.
vaziuo'ti ir zi
priziure'ti
know how
to look aft-
kaip
We
mu'sij
Kiek
ji
no'rite?
will get
looking for a bartender in your place ? Yes, sir, I am looking for a good, steady and sober man. I assure you, sir, I am the one you are seeking.
Are you
Teip,
ta'mista,
jie'skau
ir
ga ta paro'dyti.
Midwife.
Aku'siere.
lam
As
madam.
My
Is
wife is finement.
with con-
Ma'no
apsi'rgo su
vaiku'.
Do you think
necessary ?
I
am
will be.
As
bijau'si,
kad
reike's.
55
Ar
Ji
ji
lo'voje gu'li?
vai'ksc'ioti, bet
jai.
ba'ndo
ing,
but
that
is
too
tasperskaudu' yra'
Gerai',
as bu'siu
tenai
9
kaip bematai'.
patient?
Where
(a
is
the
Kur
O,
yra' Sesiauni'nke
woman
in childbed)
girdziu'
jos
deja'vi-
mus.
well;
you
all
clean bedding
well.
kad vi'skas
isei's
come out
gerai'.
Ar
The
pasigadi'no.
Ku'dikis ei'naga'lvapir-
first.
ma.
is
The
The
case
not an encour-
aging one.
child
is
coming side-
ways.
Perhaps we would better call a doctor? We have to put the patient to sleep.
We
ra'nksluost^.
slapiu's
ap-
De'kite siltu's,
56
The The
is!
What
I
Niekuome't
nebuvau'
Which
girl?
a boy or a
What
matters
which?
Tas
The mother will be proud of either one. It is a fine boy. It is a luxury to have such a beautiful baby. I would be proud to be the sponsor for that kind
of a child.
Grazu's vaiku'tis.
ku'dik.
jei bu'-
As didziuo'ciausi,
ko.
Declensions.
The Lithuanian language has two Genders: The Masculine and Feminine. The substantives of Masculine
nation in
there
Common
The
culine or feminine, terminating in -a. There are Three Numbers in the Lithuanian language: Singular, Dual, and Plural, and seven cases: Nominative, Vocative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental and Locative.
A GOLDEN
ples.
of the Substantive.
57
Examples. Declension First.
a)
SINGULAR.
sve'i-as, guest;
sveti-e'!
N. lau'k-as,
field;
V. lau'k-e! o field!
o guest!
sve'6i-o, of a guest;
sve'6i-ui, to a guest.
sve'2i-a, guest;
field;
with a
sve5i-u',
with a guest;
PLURAL.
N., V. lauk-ai', fields; G. lauk-u/, of fields;
D. lauk-a'ms, to fields; A. lauk-u's, fields;
In. lauk-ai's,
sve2i-ai', guests;
svedi-u's, guests;
with
fields;
svei-ai's,
with guests;
L. lauk-uose', in fields;
sve6i-uose', in guests.
sve2i-u',
two guests;
SINGULAR.
pei'li-s,
N. gaidy'-s, rooster;
V. G. D. A.
gaidy'! o rooster! gai'dzi-o, of a rooster;
gai'dzi-ui, to a rooster;
gai'd[, rooster;
knife;
pei'li-ui, to
pei'lj,
a knife;
knife;
In. gaidzi-u'.with a rooster; peili-u', with a knife: L. gaidy-je', in the rooster; pei'ly-je, in the knife.
PLURAL.
N., V. gaidzi-ai', roosters; G. gaidzi-u/, of roosters;
pei'li-ai,
pei'li-vj,
knives; of knives.
58
A. gaidzi-u's, roosters;
peili-u's, knives;
DUAL. two
roosters; peili-u',
two
two
roosters; pei'-
two knives.
Examples.
a)
Declension Second.
SINGULAR.
N. rank-a', hand; valdzi-a', government va'ldzi-a! o government! V. ra'nk-a! ohand! G. ra'nkos, of a hand; valdzi-o's, of a government; D. ra'nk-ai, to a hand; va'ldzi-ai, to a government: A. ra'nk-a, hand; va'ldzi-a, government; In. rank-a', with a hand; valdzi-a', with agov-ment; L. ra'nk-oje, inthe hand; valdzio-je', inthegov-ment.
PLURAL.
governments; governments: D. ra'nk-oms, to hands; valdzi-o'ms, to gov-ments; A. rank-a's, hands; valdzi-a's, governments; In. ra'nk-omis, with hands; valdzi-omi's, with gov-ts;
va'ldzi-os,
valdzi-u/, of
L. ra'nkose, in hands;
valdzi-ose', in governments:
DUAL.
N., V., A. (dvi) rank-i', two hands; valdi',
two gov-
ernments;
G., L. as in the plural. D., In.
dzi-o'm,
(dviem) ra'nk-om, to, with two hands; valto, with two governments.
59
t>)
SINGULAR.
pel-e",
mouse; o mouse! G. trob-o's, of a building; pel-e's, of a mouse; D. tro'b-ai, to a building; pe'l-ei, to a mouse; A. tro'b-a, building: pe'l-e, mouse; In. trob-a', with a building: pel-e' with a mouse; L. trob-oje', in the building; pel-eje', in the mouse.
pe'l-e!
PLURAL.
N., V. tro'b-os, buildings; G. trob-u/, of buildings;
D.
A.
In.
L.
mice; the mice; trob-o'ms, to buildings; pel-e'ms, to the mice; tro'b-as, buildings; pel-e's, mice; trob-omi's,with build-s; pel-emi's, with the mice; trob-ose', in buildings; pel-e'se, in the mice.
pe'l-es,
pel-iu/, of
N. V. A. (dvi)
trob-i',
i',
two mice;
two mice.
SINGULAR.
ka'rti-s, pole;
N.
vagi'-s, thief;
ka'rti-e! o pole!
ka'rti-es, of
ka'rtj, pole;
with a thief ka'rtimi, with a pole; L. vagy-je', in the thief; ka'rtyje, in the pole.
PLURAL.
N., V. va'gy-s, thieves; G. vagi-ij, of thieves;
ka'rtys, poles;
ka'rcl-ij, of poles;
60
D. vagi'-ms, to thieves; A. vagi'-s, thieves;
ka'rti-ms, to poles;
ka'rti-s, poles;
I. vagi-mi's, with thieves; ka'rti-mis, with poles; L. vagy-se', in thieves; ka'rty-se, in poles.
DUAL.
N., V., A. (du) vagi-u', two thieves; (dvi)ka'rti,
poles. N., L. as in the plural.
two
with two
poles.
6)
SINGULAR.
nakti'-s, night;
nakti-e'! o night!
nakti-e's, of
na'kfii-ai, to
a night; a night;
na'ktj, night;
PLURAL.
N., V. a'ky-s, eyes; G. aki-u/, of eyes; D. aki'-ms, to eyes;
na'kty-s, nights;
A.
aki'-s, eyes;
In. aki-mi's,
with eyes:
L. aky-se', in eyes;
DUAL.
N., V., A. (dvi) aki', two eyes: nakti', two nights; N., L. as in the plural.
D., In. (dviem) aki'-m, to,
to,
Declension Fourth.
SINGULAR.
zmog-u's, man;
N. sun-u's, son;
61 V. sun-au'! o son! G. sun-au 's, of a son; D. su'n-ui, to a son; A. su'n-tj, son. In. sun-umi', with a son; L. sun-uje', in the son;
zmog-au'! o man! zmog-au's, of a man;
zmo'g-ui, to a
zmo'g-ij,
PLURAL.
N., V. su'n-us, sons; G. sun-u', of sons:
L. sun-uose', in sons;
two men.
b)
SINGULAR.
puo'dzi-us,
potter;
N.
vaisi-u's, fruit;
V. vaisi-au'! o fruit! puo'dzi-au! o potter! G. vaisi-au's, of a fruit; puo'dzi-aus, of a potter; D. vai'si-ui, to a fruit: puo'dzi-ui, to a potter;
A.
I.
vai'si-ij, fruit;
puo'dzi-ij, potter;
vaisi-umi'.with a fruit; puo'dzi-umi, with a potter. L. vaisi-uje', in the fruit; puo'dzi-uje, in the potter.
PLURAL.
N., V. vai'si-ai, fruits;
puo'dzi-ai, potters;
puo'dzi-ij, of potters;
G. vai'si-ij, of fruits; D. vai'si-ams, to fruits; A. vaisi-u's, fruits; In. vai'si-ais, with fruits; L. vai'si-uose, in fruits;
puo'dzi-ams, to potters;
puo'dzi-us, potters;
puo'dzi-ais, with potters; puo'dzi-uose, in potters.
62
N., V.,
fruits;
puo'dzi-u,
two
two
fruits;
puo'-
dzi-am,
to,
with two
potters.
Examples.
)
Declension Fifth.
SINGULAR.
N. akmuo', stone. me'nuo, moon, month; me'nuo! o moon! V. akmuo'! o stone! G. akme'ns, of a stone; me'nesi-o, of a moon; D. a'kmeni-ui, to a stone; me'nesi-ui, to a moon; A. a'kmen^, stone; me'nesj, moon; I. akmeni'm,with astone; me'nesi-u, with a moon; L. akmeny-je' in the stone; me'nesyje, in the moon;
PLURAL.
N., V. a'kmen-s, stones; G. akmen-u/, of stones;
me'nesi-ai, moons; me'nesi-ij, of moons; D. akmen-i'ms, to stones; me'nesi-ams, to moons;
A. a'kmen-is, stones;
In.
me'nesi-us, moons;
ston. me'nesi-ais,
akmen-imi's.with
L. akmen-yse', in stones;
moons.
G., L. as in the plural. D., In.
(dviem) akmen-i'm, to, with two stones; me'nesiam, to, with two moons.
6)
SINGULAR.
sesuo', sister;
se'ser! o sister!
sese'rs, of a sister;
63
D. su'ni-ui, to a dog; A. su'n[, dog;
In.
It.
se'ser-iai, to
a sister;
sister;
se'ser[, sister;
seser-imi',
with a
PLURAL.
N., V. su'n-es, dogs; G. un-u/, of dogs; D. sun-i'ms, to dogs; A. sun-i's, dogs;
In. sun-imi's,
se'sers, sisters;
seser-u/, of sisters;
seser-i'ms, to sisters;
se'ser-is, sisters;
with dogs;
seser-imi's,
with
sisters;
L.
un-yse', in dogs;
seser-yse', in sisters.
(dvi) se'ser-i,
two
with two
sisters.
PLURAL.
du'kter-s, daughters; du'kters! daughters!
du'kter-is, daughters;
dukter-imi's.with daugh-
64
Adjectives.
adjectives have two Genders: Masculine and Feminine. The Nominative Singular of Mascu-
The
Gender of adjectives terminates in -as, -ias, -is, and its definitive form in: -asis, -ysis, -usis. The same case of Feminine Gender of adjectives terminates in: -a, -ia, -e, -i, and its definitive form in: -oji,
line
-us,
-io j i
.
Declension First.
SINGULAR.
N.,V. ge'r-as,
C5
SlNOULAIt.
,
V. medi'n-is,
inctli'n-io
medi'ne,
medi'n-es,
medi'n-ei,
di'del-is,
di'del-e,
didel-e'st
di'dol-io.
medi'n-iam,
modi'n-i, 1
J
.
didel-ia'm, di'del-ei;
di'del-i. C
medi'n-e, C
J
di'del-e:
,
medin-iu',
modin-e',
di'del-iu,
didel-e';
metli'n-iame,
X., V. mcdi'n-iai,
I),
medi'n-es,
didel-i',
di'del-es;
;
medi'n-iij,
didel-iij
DUAL.
X., V.. A. medin-iu', medin-i', didel-iu', didel-i'; (i., L. as in the plural.
D., In. medi'n-iam,
Declension Third.
SINGULAR.
X
I),
V. skaud-u's,
skaud-i',
skaud/.-io's,
ly'g-us,
ly'g-i:
ly'g-io;
ly'ir-ia
G. skaud-au's,
ly'g-aus,
skaudx-ia'm,
skau'dx-iai, ly'g-iam,
A. skau'di^.
In. skaud/.-iu',
skau'd/-ia,
skaudx-ia',
ly'g-ij,
ly'g-ia:
ly'g iu,
ly'g-ia
L. skaudx-iame',
ly'g-us,
]y'g-ios;
skaud/-iu/, ly'g-iij; 1). skaud-ie'ms, skaudx-io'ms, ly'g-iems ly'g-ioms: A. skaud/-iu's, skaud/-ia's, Jy'gius, ly'g-ias;
6G
In. skaudz-iai's,
DUAL.
N., V., A. skaudz-iu' skaud-i, G., L. as in the plural.
D., In. skaud-ie'm,
ly'g-iu,
ly'g-i;
SINGULAR.
N., V. balt-a'sis, -t-o'ji, G. ba'lt-ojo, -t-o'sios,
did-y'sis, -dz-io'ji;
di'dz-iojo, -dz-io'sios;
didz-ia'mjam, -dz-iaijai;
di'd-yj, -dz-iaja; didz-iuo'ju, -dz-iaja;
PLURAL.
N., V. balt-ie'jie, -t-osios, G. balt-u_'jij,
did-ie'jie, -dz-iosios;
did/-iu/jtj;
D. balt-ie'msiems, -t-o'msioms,
did-ie'msiems,
didz-iuo'sius,
-dz-iomsioms.
-dz-ia'sias:
A. balt-tuo'sius,
-t-a'sias,
-dz-io'msiomis;
L. balt-uo'siuose,-t-o'siose, didz-iuo'siuose,-dz-io'siose
DUAL.
N., V., A. balt-uo'ju, -t-ie'ji, didz-iuo'ju, G., L. as in the plural.
L., In. balt-ie'mjiem, -t-o'mjom,
-d-ie'ji;
did-ie'mjiem,
-dz-io'mjom.
67
Graz-u'sis,/.-zio'ji, nice.
SINGULAR.
N., V. gra/.-u'sis, -z-io'ji G. gra'x.-iojo, -z-io'sios,
PLURAL.
graz-ie'jie, -z-iosios;
graz-iij'jij,
D. graz-ia'mjam,
A. gra'/.-u4,
-z-iaijai,
graz-ie'msiems,-z-io'msioms;
graz-iuo'sius, -z-ia'sias: -z-io'mgraz-iai'siais, siomis.
-z-iaja,
L. graz-ia'mjame, -zio'joje,
graz-iuo'siuose,
-z-io'-
siose.
DUAL.
N., V., A. graz-iuo'ju, graz-ie'ji; G., L. as in the plural.
J., In.
graz-ie'mjiem, graz-io'mjom.
NOTE. In the terminations of Feminine Gender, where there is no emphasis given, it is because the emphasized syllable is omitted.
Comparison
of Adjectives.
of a Lithuanian adjective is formed by adding -esnis, -esne to the permanent part of adjective, the Superlative by adding -iausias (or -iausis), -iausia (or -iausi) to it, as:
The comparative
(-sis),
graz-
The "than" following the Comparative is translated by "ne'gu" or "kaip", as: He is better than you, Jis yra' gere'snis ne'gu or kaip tu.
Pronouns.
As -I.
Toki's, /.
-kia'
-such.
Kiekvie'nas,
69
First Future.
As
Tu bu'si,
Jis bus,
Mu'du
Ju'du
bu'siva,
bu'sita,
shall be;
will be;
Imperfect Frequentative.
As bu'davau,
Tu
Jis bu'davo,
he used to be;
to be;
Ju'du bu'davota, you two used to be; Mes bu'davome, we used to be; Jus bu'davote, you used to be.
Decl. Part.: Bu'daves, -vusi, been. Indecl. Part.: Bu'davus, been.
Perfect.
As
have been;
Tu esi'
yra bu'vusi, he, she has been; vusios, we two have been; Ju'du, e'sata bu've,-dvi vusios, you two have been; Mes e'same bu've, we have been; Jus e'sate bu've, -vusios, you have been.
Jis yra' bu'ves,
Past
Pei'fect.
had been; buvai' bu'vgs, -vusi, thou hadst been; Jis bu'vo bu'vgs, ji bu'vo bu'vusi, he, she had been.
-vusi, I
As buvau' bu'vgs,
Tu
70
Mu'du bu'vova
bu've,
mu'dvi
been.
bu'vome bu've,
we had
Future
Perfect.
As bu'siu
Tu
Jis
bu'ves, -vusi, I shall have been; bu'si bu'ves, -vusi, thou wilt have been;
ji
bus bu'vusi, he, she will have been; mu'dvi bu'vusios, we two shall have been; Ju'du bu'sita bu've, ju'dvi bu'vusios, you two will have been; Mes bu'sime bu've, -vusios, we shall have been; Jus bu'site bu've, -vusios, you will have been. bus bu'ves,
Mu'du bu'siva
bu've,
First Conditional.
As
bu'tum, thou wouldst be; he would be; Mu'du bu'tuva', we should be; Ju'du bu'tuta, you two would be; Mes bu't4ime, we should be; Jus bu'tute, you would be.
Jis bu'tij,
Tu
Second Conditional. -vusi, I should have been. -vusi, thou wouldst have been; Jis bu'tij bu'ves, ji vusi, he, she would have been; Mu'du bu'tuva bu've, -dvi vusios, we two should
have been.
-vusios,
Mes bu'tume
bu've, -vusios,
we should have
Regular Conjugation.
Active Voice.
Here we confine ourselves only to the commonest tenses and forms of conjugation; the complete conjugation must be looked for in grammar.
Infinitive.
Present.
As
suku',
72
Imperfect.
A Tu
Jis
sukau',
sukai',
myle'jau,
myle'jai,
maiau',
matei',
zmo
jau;
zino'jai;
su'ko,
myle'jo,
ma'te,
zino'jo;
Mu'du su'kova,
myle'jova,
ma'teva,
ma'leta,
zino'jova;
zino'jota;
ma'teme,
ma'tete,
zino'jome,
zino'jote.
First Future.
As
su'ksiu,
su'ksi,
myle'siu,
myle'si,
maty'siu
maty'si,
zino'siu;
zino'si;
Tu
Jis
suks,
myle's,
maty's,
zino's;
zino'si va;
Mu'du
su'ksiva, myle'siva,
Ju'du su'ksita, myle'sita, zino'sita; matysita, Mes su'ksime myle'sime, maty'sime, zino'sime; Jus zino'site. su'ksite, mylesite, maty'site, Decl. Part, su'ksias, -sianti, myle'sias, -sianti, maty. sias, -sianti, zino'sias, -sianti, one who will
turn,
Indecl.
who
Part,
First Conditional.
As
su'kfiiau,
myle'Ciau,
maty'Ciau,
zino'6iau;
Tu
Jis
su'ktum,
su'ktu,,
myle'tum,
myle'tij,
maty'tum,
maty'tij,
zino'tum;
zino'tij;
Mu'du
zino'tuva;
Ju'du su'ktuta, myletuta, maty'tuta,* zino'tuta; Messu'ktume, myle'tume, maty'tume, zino'tume: Jus su'ktute, zino'tute. myle'tute, maty'tute, Conjunct. Mode: su'ktij, myle'tij, maty'ti^, zino'tij, in
order to turn, to love, etc.
Adverbs.
After, po, pa'skui.
since, nuoto'laik,
again, vel.
ago, atga'l. always, visuome't.
early, anksti'.
ever, vis, visuome't.
already, jau.
late, velai'.
yes, teip.
indeed, isti'kro.
truly, teisi'ngai.
certainly,
>
t
j
krai
surely,
frequently, ta'nkiai.
immediately, pavy'mui.
lately, neseniai'.
some,
iek-tie'k.
nothing, nie'ko.
now, daba'r.
often, ta'nkiai.
much, daug.
quite, visai'.
seldom,
retai'.
very, labai'.
so, teip.
soon, tuojau's.
sometimes, ka'rtais.
then, la'syk.
how? kaip?
no, not but, bet. ne.
when? kuome't?
while, ko'lai. daily, kasdie'n.
until, i'ki, kol.
enough, gana'.
scarcely, vargiai'.
yet, dar.
to-day, sia'ndien.
to-morrow, rytoj'.
to-night, sia'nakt.
where? kur?
yesterday, va'kar.
why?
Prepositions.
kode'l?
Above,
after,
virsui' (gen.)
paskui'
(ace.),
po
per
(dat. or gen.)
74
of,
nuo(gen.)
under, po (instr.)
(gen.)
since, nuo,
po
with, su (instr.)
to, pas, i (ace.)
int (ace.)
arti' (gen.)
near
out,
is.
(gen.)
Conjunctions.
And,
ir.
therefore, tode'l.
else, kitai'p.
also, teipgi.
even, net.
or, ar,
otherwise, antrai'p.
nor, ne.
yet, dar.
jei'gu.
Interjections.
hushityle'k!
ha!hm!
what ka
! !
hurrah !urra'!
oh!
ai!
Hello !ei;o!
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