USMLE Step 1 Web Prep Blood Pressure Control Mechanisms

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SLIDE 1 of 2

Fig II-1-2. Automatic Feedback Loop

Blood pressure (BP) = TPR x CO Autonomi (neur!l) ontrol o" BP in#ol#es "eed$! % me &!nisms 'n re!se in me!n BP eli its $!rore eptor dis &!r(e PA)* ! ti#it+ &e!rt r!te, $r!d+ !rdi!, !nd "or e o" *A)* ! ti#it+

ontr! tion - #!so onstri tion. T&ese ! tions restore BP to/!rds its norm!l le#el

Con#ersel+, de re!ses in BP eli it A)* neur!l "eed$! % in#ol#in( de re!sed PA)* out"lo/ !nd in re!sed *A)* ! ti#it+ in re!ses in CO TPR.

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SLIDE 2 of 2

Fig II-1-3. Hormonal Feedback Loop

BP is !lso re(ul!ted #i! ! &ormon!l "eed$! % loop 2""e ted $+ de re!ses in me!n BP (&+potension) ren!l $lood "lo/ ren!l pressure renin rele!se An(iotensins An(iostensin '' in re!ses !ldosterone rele!se "rom !dren!l ortex /&i &, #i! its miner!lo orti oid ! tions to ret!in sodium - /!ter, in re!ses $lood #olume. 'n re!sed #enous return results in !n in re!se in CO.

An(iotensin '' !lso !uses #!so onstri tion TPR.

A)* (neur!l) !nd endo rine "eed$! % loops !re in#o%ed $+ !nti&+pertensi#e dru(s. *u & ompens!tor+ me &!nisms m!+ result in t! &+ !rdi! !nd $ot& s!lt /!ter retention.