Control of PE

iu khin in t cng sut iu khin in t cng sut g
(Control of Power Electronics) (Control of Power Electronics) ( )

Mn hc tr n t kin thc cc Mn hc truyn t kin thc v cc y
h h i khi thit b bi phng php iu khin thit b bin phng php iu khin thit b bin
i i d li h ki b d i in nng s dng linh kin bn dn i in nng s dng linh kin bn dn
cng sut ln cng sut ln.
Bc o to: Cao hc Bc o to: Cao hc
M s HP: EE6032 M s HP: EE6032
1 November GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 1 November
2012
GS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang
BM iu khin t ng Vin in H Bch Khoa H Ni
1
2012 BM iu khin t ng Vin in H Bch Khoa H Ni
Chng trnh mn hc Chng trnh mn hc g
Chng 1: Khi qut v thit b bin i Chng 1: Khi qut v thit b bin i
1 Cu to v hot ng 1. Cu to v hot ng
2 Mch lc ca thit b bin i 2. Mch lc ca thit b bin i
3. Vn iu khin trong thit b bin i g
Ch 2 C h h t i khi Chng 2: Cc phng php to xung iu khin
(m van, iu ch in p) (m van, iu ch in p)
1. M t NL ngun p 2 mc v to mu xung K g p g
2 Ph h K t h ( b ) 2. Phng php K tn s ca sng ch (sng c bn)
3 Phng php sng mang 3. Phng php sng mang
4 Phng php iu ch vector 4. Phng php iu ch vector
5. Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn g p p g g
6 Ph h i h (i h i DC) 6. Phng php iu ch - (iu ch in p DC)
1 November 2 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November
2012
2 GS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang
BM iu khin t ng Vin in H Bch Khoa H Ni 2012 BM iu khin t ng Vin in H Bch Khoa H Ni
Chng 3: M hnh ha cc thit b bin i Chng 3: M hnh ha cc thit b bin i
1 M h h t thit b bi i 1. M hnh ton ca cc thit b bin i
2 M hnh truyn t v cc im cn bng 2. M hnh truyn t v cc im cn bng
3 c im cho php s dng ph
2
tuyn tnh ha chnh xc 3. c im cho php s dng ph tuyn tnh ha chnh xc
4. c im cho php s dng nguyn l Flatness 4. c im cho php s dng nguyn l Flatness
5 i h h d h
2
hi k B k i 5. c im cho php s dng ph
2
thit k Backstepping p p g p pp g
6 c im cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity 6. c im cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity
Chng 4: Cc v d thit k Chng 4: Cc v d thit k
1 K trt b bin i DC-DC 1. K trt b bin i DC DC
2 K xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC-DC 2. K xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC DC
2012
Chng 4: Cc v d thit k (tip) Chng 4: Cc v d thit k (tip)
hi ( h h h h h h 4. K phi tuyn (tuyn tnh ha chnh xc, ta theo th ng, p y ( y , g,
nguyn l phng) b bin i DC DC nguyn l phng) b bin i DC-DC
5 K xp x tuyn tnh bin i DC AC 5. K xp x tuyn tnh bin i DC-AC
6 K trt bin i DC AC 6. K trt bin i DC-AC
7 K phi tuyn theo nguyn l phng bin i DC-AC 7. K phi tuyn theo nguyn l phng bin i DC-AC
8 K bin i AC-DC 8. K bin i AC DC
2012
TI LIU THAM KHO TI LIU THAM KHO
1 D G H l T A Li (2003) P l Wid h M d l i 1. D.G. Holmes, T.A. Lipo (2003) Pulse Width Modulation p ( )
for Power Converters - Principles and Practice IEEE for Power Converters Principles and Practice. IEEE
P J h Wil & S Press, John Wiley & Sons
2 MK Kazimierczuk (2008) Pulse width Modulated DC 2. M.K. Kazimierczuk (2008) Pulse-width Modulated DC-
DC P C J h Wil & S L d DC Power Converters. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd y ,
3 H Sira Ramrez S Silva Ortigoza (2006) C t l D i 3. H. Sira-Ramrez, S. Silva-Ortigoza (2006) Control Design
Techniques in Power Electronics Devices. Springer Techniques in Power Electronics Devices. Springer
4 F J i D W (1995) S f h f 4. F. Jenni, D. Wuest (1995) Steuerverfahren fuer , ( ) f f
selbstgefuehrte Stromrichter Vdf Hochschulverlag AG selbstgefuehrte Stromrichter. Vdf Hochschulverlag AG,
B G T b St tt t B.G. Teubner Stuttgart
2012
1 Khi qut v thit b bin i 1. Khi qut v thit b bin i q
M u M u
Cc phng n bin i nng
lng in bng thit b in
t cng sut (chiu ca mi tn g (
l chiu ca dng nng lng). g g g)
Mn hc ch quan tm n cc q
phng php iu khin TBB. phng php iu khin TBB.
Mt thit b bao gm c hai Mt thit b bao gm c hai
chiu AC-DC-AC c gi l chiu AC-DC-AC c gi l
thit b bin tn thit b bin tn.
Nghch lu
AC mt pha
v AC ba pha p
nui bi ngun g
p DC p C
2012
1 1 Cu to v hot ng 1.1. Cu to v hot ng
1.1.1 Nguyn l TBB 1.1.1 Nguyn l TBB
Nguyn l cu to ca bin tn Nguyn l cu to ca bin tn
Thit b bin i (TBB) pha li c nhim v ghp mch mt chiu trung gian vi li cp in Thit b bin i (TBB) pha li c nhim v ghp mch mt chiu trung gian vi li cp in
TBB h l i th kh K d i nng. TBB pha li c th c kh nng K dng in nng.
TBB h i hi t h h h (t d ) th h ti TBB pha ti c nhim v t ch vn hnh (tn s, dng, p) theo yu cu ca ph ti, v vy
b b hi kh bt buc phi c kh nng K.
Mch mt chiu trung gian (MCTG) gi vai tr kho nng lng di dng in nng (mch in p
trung gian, NL ngun p) hoc di dng t nng (mch dng trung gian, NL ngun dng).
2012
1.1.2 Cc yu cu i vi TBB
) Y h l
1.1.2 Cc yu cu i vi TBB
a) Yu cu i vi pha li:
C kh nng ly/hon tr in nng t/tr li li. Nhm mc ch : i lng K c chn l
gi tr trung bnh ca in p u
d
(i vi NL ngun p) hay dng i
d
(i vi NL ngun dng).
Dng chy pha li phi bo m dng sin.
Tiu th t cng sut v cng. g g
Khi bin tn l thit b trung gian gia 2 li in, cc yu cu trn t ra vi c 2 pha. g g g , y p
b) Yu cu i vi )
pha ti: p
NL ng thi l g
thit b K c c thit b K c c
tnh ngun dng tnh ngun dng
hay ngun p hay ngun p.
C kh nng K C kh nng K
cch ly cng sut cch ly cng sut
hu / v cng hu / v cng.
D / Dng / p ra cng
t b d t b mo dng
cng tt.
2012
1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li 1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li
a) i vi NL ngun p:
S 1: CL khng c K. g
Dng li c dng xung kim g g g
dn n cng sut v cng g g
mo dng. mo dng.
S 2: CL c K Dng c S 2: CL c K. Dng c
dng xung vung T l cng dng xung vung. T l cng
sut v/hu cng do gc K sut v/hu cng do gc K
quyt nh v c qu o quyt nh v c qu o
ng trn cm khng ng trn cm khng.
S 3 CL K th S 3: CL c K v c th
hi Q o chiu. Qu o ng
i i trn v ti vn c c im
cm khng.
S 4: NL vi kh nng
vn hnh c 4 gc . C th
K dng gn vi dng sin. g g g
2012
1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li 1.1.3 Thit b bin i pha li
b) i i NL d C h i h h i h h (C) h h d h MCTG b) i vi NL ngun dng: C hai s cho php iu chnh (C) chnh xc dng ca mch MCTG
t i t d bt k vo mt gi tr dng bt k
Kh d i C h d d hi h d b h i S 5: Khng s dng t in. C th d dng o chiu chy ca dng cng sut bng cch gi
nguyn chiu ca dng in, ch o du in p (ch NL, xem qu o ng trn).
S 6: NL ngun dng c c tnh pha li ging s 4, d khc v s . C th d dng K
dng nng lng, bo m dng sin cho dng in. V in khng ca li bao gi cng l cm, ta
phi dng dng t u vo to nhnh thot cho dng in trong cc qu trnh chuyn mch.
1 November 10
p g g g g q y
GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November
2012
1.1.4 Thit b bin i pha ti 1.1.4 Thit b bin i pha ti
a) i vi NL ngun p:
S 7: V c bn tng t s 4. g
Dng in p ph thuc ph
2
khin van. g p p p
D dng C dng ra. NL c kh nng g g g
cung cp/tip nhn cng sut hu/v cung cp/tip nhn cng sut hu/v
cng cng.
b) i vi NL ngun dng: b) i vi NL ngun dng:
S 8: Ch c kh nng nui cc ti S 8: Ch c kh nng nui cc ti
t bo m c cng sut v cng t bo m c cng sut v cng
(tnh cm) Dng ti dng khi vung (tnh cm). Dng ti dng khi vung
i bi i i Rt h h th vi bin ging i
d
. Rt hn ch thay
i t i cng sut v cng.
S 9 C h d i d S 9: C th to dng vi dng gn
2
hnh sin (ph thuc ph
2
khin van).
Bin dng c th to tu , mc d
i
d
khng i. C th K cng sut hu
/ v cng trong di kh rng.
1 November 11
g g g
2012
1 2 Mch lc ca TBB 1.2. Mch lc ca TBB
1.2.1 Van bn dn 1.2.1 Van bn dn
Hnh a) Hnh a)
C t thi Cc trng thi ng
t b d ngt ca van bn dn
l l tng
Hnh b)
Tri: Dng dng/p
v tn hao chuyn y
mch khi coi van l l
tngg
Phi: Dng dng/p Phi: Dng dng/p
v tn hao chuyn v tn hao chuyn
mch khi xt van thc mch khi xt van thc
t t
2012
1.2.1 Van bn dn
a) Tham s ca cc loi van thng dng
1.2.1 Van bn dn
a) Tham s ca cc loi van thng dng
b) Ph i t t l i th d b) Phm vi tn s cng tc ca cc loi van thng dng
) S khi h K c) S khi mch K van
) a)
c)
b) b)
2012
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL
b) My in ba pha
d i
b) My in ba pha
a) Li in N
N N N N N
d
R L =
i
u e i
N N N N N
R L
dt
u e i
My in
My in
khng ng
My in
b
b v biu
ng b
vector
2012
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL 1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL
c) Bin th u vo ca TBB
Cch ly th nng. Phi hp mc in p. S dng nhiu cun th cp ci thin cht lng
dng/p ra bng cc gii php mch khc nhau. g p g g p p
d) Ti chun 1 pha, 3 pha ) p , p
2012
e) Ph ti chun ghp vi NL ngun p
) g p g p
qua khu lc q
in p u ra thng mo dng. Dng ca dng do ti quyt nh. Khi nui ti chun, in cm in p u ra thng mo dng. Dng ca dng do ti quyt nh. Khi nui ti chun, in cm
L
k
c tc dng nh khu lc bc 1 Mt s ng dng i hi dng/p pha ti phi bo m hnh L
k
c tc dng nh khu lc bc 1. Mt s ng dng i hi dng/p pha ti phi bo m hnh
sin Cn khu lc u ra L C cng vi L
k
s to nn khu lc bc 3 Gi thit: Sc t ng cm sin Cn khu lc u ra L
F
, C
F
, cng vi L
k
s to nn khu lc bc 3. Gi thit: Sc t ng cm
ng e c dng thun ty sin v tn s Khi y ta thit k theo: ng e c dng thun ty sin v tn s
1
. Khi y ta thit k theo:
2
2
1 1
3
1
;
A
k F
L C
G

= =
i
( )
1 1
3
;
AB
k F k F F
G
j L C j L L C

+ u
L
k
j L u
( )
2 1
3
;
L
k
AB
j L
G
j L C j L L C

= =
+
u
u
( )
AB
k F k F F
j L C j L L C + u
3 1
3
1
;
L
G = =
i
( )
3 1
3
;
AB
k F k F F
G
j L C j L L C

+ u
Mi tn s Mi tn s
u b khu
1
, u b khu
lc ni ngn lc ni ngn
h mch.
2012
1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL 1.2.2 Ngun cung cp v ph ti ca NL
f) Ph ti chun ghp vi NL ngun dng qua khu lc
mc 1 1 3 (s 6) nhn mnh vai tr ca t C mc 1.1.3 (s 6) nhn mnh vai tr ca t C
trong vic to nhnh thot cho dng khi chuyn mch
R
1
=
trong vic to nhnh thot cho dng khi chuyn mch.
Res
k F
L C
;
L
k
j L
G

u
4 1
2
;
1
k
A
k F
j
G
L C

= =
i
1
1
A
k F
L C i
i
5 1
2
1
;
L
G = =
i
5 1
2
;
1
A
k F
G
L C

) H (h d d ) g) Hiu ng mt ngoi (hiu ng dn dng)

Dng phn b khng u trn tit din dy
in tr hiu dng tng g g
Chiu su thm dng c tnh theo: g
;
D
< ;
2 f

= <
0
2
r
f
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL a) M t bng hm logic, gi tr trung 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL a) M t bng hm logic, gi tr trung
bnh ngn hn v hm iu ch bnh ngn hn v hm iu ch
1 S =1 v S =0: Dng i chy (khng ph 1. S
A+
=1 v S
A-
=0: Dng i
A
chy (khng ph
thuc du) qua S v in p ra u =u /2 thuc du) qua S
A+
v in p ra u
A0
=u
d
/2
2 S =0 v S =1: Dng i chy (khng ph 2. S
A+
=0 v S
A-
=1: Dng i
A
chy (khng ph
th d ) S i /2 thuc du) qua S
A-
v in p ra u
A0
=-u
d
/2
3 S 1 S 1 T thi i 3. S
A+
=1 v S
A-
=1: Trng thi ny ni ngn
h NL b mch NL v v vy b cm.
4. S
A+
=0 v S
A-
=0: Ty theo du, i
A
chy qua
van trn hoc di. in p ph thuc du
ca dng. y l trng thi bt nh, do NL
khng bo m c tnh ngun p, v vy
nh ngha kha mi S
A
g g p y
khng c s dng.
+
=
A A A
S S S
g g
Trong thc t ch s dng 2 trng thi 1 v 1 1
+
+
A A A
S S S
S S Trong thc t ch s dng 2 trng thi 1 v
2 T l l hi t i 2
( )
d
u
1 1
;
2 2
+
+
= =
A A
A A
S S
S S
2: Tc l lun phin ng ngt gia 2 van
S +S 1 T d d d h i
( )
0
2
d
A A A
u
u S S
+
=
;
2 2
+ A A
S
A+
+S
A-
=1. T d dng s dng hai
h l i S S d h
2
; i S i i S i 0
=
d
A A
u
u S
hm logic S
A+
v S
A-
xy dng hm

;
d A A d A A
i S i i S i
+ +
= = 0
2
=
A A
u S
quy i gin on tnh in p.
1 1
;
+
A A
S S
i i i i ;
2 2
+
= =
A A
d A d A
i i i i
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
a) M t bng hm logic, gi tr trung
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
) g g g g
bnh ngn hn v hm iu ch (tip)
G b h h
g ( p)
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn:
2 t T +
( ) ( )
2
1
T
t T
t d
+
( ) ( )
0 0 A A
T
u t u d
T
=
2
T
T
t T
T

Tn s ng ngt cao Tn s ng ngt thp Tn s ng ngt cao Tn s ng ngt thp
Mc tiu: Thay th cc in p gin on trang trc bi in p trung bnh ngn hn,
thun tin hn (v d) khi thit k cc khu C hay tnh ton cng sut hu / v cng.
M t bng hm iu ch m
A
(t): Gi thit in p mch MCTG c lc tt, bo m u
d
= const M t bng hm iu ch m
A
(t): Gi thit in p mch MCTG c lc tt, bo m u
d
const
(ngn hn) Tng t i
A
= const Vy theo trang trc: (ngn hn). Tng t i
A
const. Vy theo trang trc:
1 1 1 1 S S S S

0
1 1 1 1
; ;
A A
d d A A
A A d d
A A A A A
u u S S S S
u S S i i i i i i
+

+ +

= = = = = =

0
; ;
2 2 2 2 2 2
A A d d
A A A A A
u S S i i i i i i
+

A
S
i lng c gi l hm iu ch, t l Trong nhiu ng dng, u
A0 R f
c dng sin, v A i lng c gi l hm iu ch, t l
thun vi gi tr t u
A0 R f
ca in p Nh
Trong nhiu ng dng, u
A0,Ref
c dng sin, v
vy cc phng trnh lin tc s c dng (M
A
: thun vi gi tr t u
A0,Ref
ca in p. Nh
c th m t NL bi cc phng trnh
vy cc phng trnh lin tc s c dng (M
A
:
modulation degree): c th m t NL bi cc phng trnh
lin tc c dng di y:
modulation degree):
u lin tc c dng di y:
( ) ( ) 0
1 1
sin ; sin
2
d
A
A A m A m
u
m M t u M t = + = +
1 1
d A A
u m m
i i i i
+
( ) ( )
2
i i

0
; ;
2 2 2
d A A
A d d
A A A
u m i i i i
+
+
= = =
( ) ( )
1 1
1 sin ; 1 sin
2 2
A A
d d
A m A m
i i
i M t i M t
+

= + + = +

1 November 19
2 2 2 2 2
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc
Na cu 1 pha (hnh mc 1.2.3a): Khng tn ti trong thc t v mch MCTG thng khng c
im gia. Mch c bn n ch nhm h tr khi tm hiu cc nguyn l mch tip theo.
Cu 1 pha:
Hm quy i gin on c q y g
dng:
( )
d
u
u S S =
g
( )
2
AB A B
u S S =
( )
A
i
( )
2
A
d A B
i
i S S = ( )
2
d
M li i hi i bi 2 h Th th 2 h i h h M t lin tc trn min thi gian bi 2 hm
i h
Thng thng 2 hm iu ch c chn
d h iu ch: ngc du nhau:
( ) ( ) ;
d A
u i
u m m i m m
AB
d
u mu =
m m m = = vi: ( ) ( ) ;
2 2
d A
AB d
A B A B
u m m i m m = =
i mi
A B
m m m = = vi:
2 2
d
A
i mi =
( ) i M
+
Khi hm iu ch
( )
( )
1
sin
sin
AB
d m
u Mu t
m M t

= +
Khi hm iu ch
c dng sin:
( )
( )
1
sin
sin
m
m M t
i Mi t

= +
c dng sin:
( )
1
sin
d
A m
i Mi t
+
= +

2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p
2 mc (tip)
2 mc (tip)
Cu 3 pha:
in p pha trung tnh:
d d d
u u u
S S S
0 0 0
; ;
2 2 2
d d d
U U V V W W
u u u
u S u S u S = = =
2 2 2
i h h in p pha pha:
( ) ( ) ;
d d
u u
u S S u S S = = ( ) ( ) ;
2 2
UV U V VW V W
u S S u S S = =
( )
d
u
S S ( )
2
d
WU W U
u S S =
2
D h MCTG Dng ca mch MCTG:
1 1 1
U V W
S S S
i i i i
+ + +
+ +
2 2 2
U V W
d U V W
i i i i = + +
( )
1
0 i i i i S i S i S i ( ) 0
2
U V W d U U V V W W
i i i i S i S i S i + + = = + +
u u u
2
Khi h ti h h t i i i t ti h h l i
0 0 U U N
u u u =
Khi mch ti c hnh tam gic, in p ri trn ti chnh l in p
h h t Khi h ti h h i i t ti l
0 0 V V N
u u u =
pha pha trn. Khi mch ti c hnh sao, in p ri trn ti s l
i h
0 0 V V N
in p pha u
U
, u
V
, u
W
:
0 0 W W N
u u u =
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL b) NL ngun p 2 mc (tip)
Cu 3 pha (tip):
in p im sao u
N0
s c dng ph thuc ti. Khi ti i xng v khng tn ti thnh phn mt in p im sao u
N0
s c d g p t uc t . ti i xng v khng tn ti thnh phn mt
chiu ta c: chiu ta c:
u S S u S S u S S u

( )
0
; ; ;
6 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
d V W d U W d U V d
N U V W U U V V W W
u S S u S S u S S u
u S S S u S u S u S

= + + = = =

6 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3

Nu m t bng hm lin tc trn min thi gian ta c: Nu t b g tc t t g a ta c:
0 0 0
; ;
d d d
U V W
U V W
u u u
u m u m u m = = =
0 0 0
; ;
2 2 2
U V W
U V W
u m u m u m
( ) ( )
1
d
u
i i i i + + + + ( ) ( ) 0
;
6 2
d
N d
U V W U U V V W W
u m m m i m i m i m i = + + = + +
6 2
Thng thng, cc hm iu ch l i xng. Vy:
2 T T

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2
; ;
3 3
U V W
T T
m t m t m t m t m t m t

= = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
U V W

C th hi i h b Cng c th m t cc trng thi in p pha bng vector
h h h b i nh hnh v bn tri.
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc
N 1 h

Na cu 1 pha:
Na cu bao gm 4 van (c th dn 2
chiu), c iu khin sao cho khng
van no phi chu qu u
d
/2 ni vi p q
d
im gia ca in p mch MCTG. g p
Bng di m t cc t hp trng thi g d c c t hp t ng thi
hu ch: hu ch:
C t thi l i h t
Hm logic (m t trng thi ng/ngt) s c 3 gi tr
Cc trng thi cn li u hoc tng
i t h h NL
Hm logic (m t trng thi ng/ngt) s c 3 gi tr
+1 0 1 H i i h d
in p trn van, hoc ngn mch NL,
h hi b h
+1, 0 v 1. Hm quy i gin on cho dng v p
h T t 3 d h h h MCTG
hoc a n trng thi bt nh.
nh sau. Trong , ta c 3 dng chy pha mch MCTG.
( )
2 d
u

( )
2
0 0
; 1
2
d
A A d A A
u
u S i S i = = u im: V mi van ch chu u
d
/2, c th thit k NL

( )
2
1 1 S S +
chu in p gp i (tng cng sut) khi dng cng
1 1
;
2 2
A A
d A A d A A
S S
i S i i S i
+
+
= = 1 loi van nh NL 2 mc. Do thm 1 mc in p, s
2 2
d A A d A A +
d dng K gim mo dng p ra.
1 November 23
g g g p
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip)
Mi gii php NL 3 mc u Mi gii php NL 3 mc u
i hi phi c im gia ca 2 i hi phi c im gia ca 2
th nng thuc mch MCTG th nng thuc mch MCTG
3 gii php to im gia (hnh 3 gii php to im gia (hnh
bn phi) bn phi).
H h t i i b Hnh trn: im gia o. bo
th i t m th nng i xng ta cn c
i 0 hi h h i
d,0
= 0 phi c phng php
C tch cc dng ti.
Hnh gia: Bo m im gia
cng, thm ch cho php mang
ti khng i xng. t c s g g
dng trong thc t. g g
Hnh di: Gii php cng cn p p g
C th nng im gia. Vic C
C th nng im gia. Vic C

c th do mt trong 2 NLL m
Gii php gia bt buc, gii php trn v di
c th do mt trong 2 NLL m
nhim
khng bt buc phi s dng bin th. V vy,
nhim.
gii php gia t c dng.
1 November 24
g p p g g
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip)
C 1 h
Hm quy i dng/p c dng nh sau:
Cu 1 pha
( )
( )
2 2
;
d
u
u S S i S S i ( )
( )
0
;
2
AB A B d B A A
u S S i S S i = =
1 1 1 1
A B A B
S S S S

+ +

1 1 1 1
;
2 2 2 2
A B A B
d A B A d A B A
S S S S
i S S i i S S i
+
+ +

= =

2 2 2 2
Nh c 3 mc logic, in p trn ti c th t 5 mc sau: u
d
, u
d
/2, 0 Nh c 3 mc logic, in p trn ti c th t 5 mc sau: u
d
, u
d
/2, 0
Cu 3 pha
Cu 3 pha
; ;
d d d
u u u
u S u S u S
0 0 0
; ;
2 2 2
d d d
U U V V W W
u S u S u S = = =
2 2 2
i S i S i S i =
0
1 1 1
d U U V V W W
i S i S i S i
S S S
=
+ + + 1 1 1
U V W
d U U V V W W
S S S
i S i S i S i
+
+ + +
= + +
2 2 2
d U U V V W W +
+ +
1 1 1
U V W
S S S
i S i S i S i

= + +
2 2 2
d U U V V W W
i S i S i S i
= + +
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip) Cu 3 pha (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL c) NL ngun p 3 mc (tip) Cu 3 pha (tip)
in p trn ti c th t nhiu mc: in p trn ti c th t nhiu mc:
in p pha im gia u
U0
u
V0
u
W0
: c in p pha im gia u
U0
, u
V0
, u
W0
: c
3 mc u
d
/2 0 3 mc u
d
/2, 0
in p pha pha u u u : c in p pha pha u
UV
, u
VW
, u
WU
: c
5 mc u u /2 0 5 mc u
d
, u
d
/2, 0
Khi mang ti i xng: Khi mang ti i xng:
i h (t ti) 9 in p pha (trn ti) u
U
, u
V
, u
W
: c 9 mc
2 /3 /2 /3 /6 0 2u
d
/3, u
d
/2, u
d
/3, u
d
/6, 0
i i in p im sao u
N0
: c 7 mc
u
d
/2, u
d
/3, u
d
/6, 0
C th m t NL bng cch biu din vector nh C th m t NL bng cch biu din vector nh
hnh bn Ta thy r 19 im ng vi cc v tr hnh bn. Ta thy r 19 im, ng vi cc v tr
chun m nh ca vector u c th t ti V tr
Cc trng thi in p ca NLL ngun p 3
chun m nh ca vector u
S
c th t ti. V tr
cc nh ca lc gic bn trong (6 vector chun)
Cc trng thi in p ca NLL ngun p 3
mc biu din di dng vector
cc nh ca lc gic bn trong (6 vector chun)
c th t ti bng 2 t hp vector c module = 0
mc, biu din di dng vector.
V d 00 S 0 S 0 S 1
c th t ti bng 2 t hp, vector c module = 0
thm ch bng 3 t hp trng thi ng/ngt van
V d u
s
: 00-: S
U
= 0, S
V
= 0, S
W
= -1
++0 S +1 S +1 S 0
thm ch bng 3 t hp trng thi ng/ngt van.
++0: S
U
= +1, S
V
= +1, S
W
= 0
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
d) NL ngun p m rng d) NL ngun p m rng
n nay mi ch cp loi 1-3 pha vi 2-3 mc in p. C hai kh nng m rng: ay c cp o 3 p a 3 c p C a g g
Tng bt k s pha bng cch tng thm s nhnh van bn dn: Nui ti nhiu pha Tng bt k s pha bng cch tng thm s nhnh van bn dn: Nui ti nhiu pha
nh ng c B kch thch vnh cu c s pha > 3 nh ng c B kch thch vnh cu c s pha > 3.
Tng bt k s mc in p: Cho n nay cn t c s dng trong thc t Tng bt k s mc in p: Cho n nay cn t c s dng trong thc t.
C hai cch u lm tng s trng thi ng ngt (tng s mc in p ra) C hai cch u lm tng s trng thi ng ngt (tng s mc in p ra).
e) NL ngun dng ) g g
Trong thc t, mch NL ngun dng khng a dng nh mch ngun p. Ta ch cn xt hai dng Trong thc t, mch NL ngun dng khng a dng nh mch ngun p. Ta ch cn xt hai dng
mch cu 1 pha v 3 pha l mch cu 1 pha v 3 pha l .
im khc c bn gia mch ngun dng v ngun p l: Mch ngun dng ch c php s dng im khc c bn gia mch ngun dng v ngun p l: Mch ngun dng ch c php s dng
loi van cho php dn theo mt chiu duy nht
Cu 1 pha
loi van cho php dn theo mt chiu duy nht.
Cu 1 pha
Thay v hai van ca mt nhnh lin kt thnh Thay v hai van ca mt nhnh lin kt thnh
t h h t mt n v nh mch ngun p, cc van trn
d i th h h i h kh v van di c gom thnh hai nhm khc
h (S /S ) (S /S ) nhau: (S
A+
/S
B+
) v (S
A-
/S
B-
)
Dng u vo v p u ra c gi n nh
tng i bi cc linh kin L v C (v c l).
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip)
C 1 h ( ) Cu 1 pha (tip):
Do dng u vo, p u ra khng th c t bin, cc van + s c cc trng thi sau:
S
A+
= 1 v S
B+
= 0: Dng i
d
chy t cc + ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra A.
S
A+
= 0 v S
B+
= 1: Dng i
d
chy t cc + ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra B.
A B d
S
A+
= 0 v S
B+
= 0: Trng thi ny gin on t ngt dng i
d
v v vy b cm.
A+ B+
g y g g g
d
y
S
A+
= 1 v S
B+
= 1: Ty theo du ca u
AB
, dng i
d
chy t cc + ca mch MCTG ti cc ni ra A
A+ B+
y
AB
, g
d
y
hoc B. V dng ra phi bo m c im ngun dng ca NL, trng thi ny khng c s dng. V g p g g , g y g g
Ch hai trng thi th 1 v th 2 l cc trng thi c ngha thc t. i vi 2 Ch hai trng thi th 1 v th 2 l cc trng thi c ngha thc t. i vi 2
van di (van -) cng tng t van di (van ) cng tng t.
1; 1
+ +
+ = + =
A B A B
S S S S
Hm logic ca 2 cp van phi tha mn iu kin bn:
Thc t, dng i
d
c th c php chy ngn mch qua hai van ca cng mt nhnh cu.
Hm quy i gin on c dng bn:
( ) ( )
= = i S S i S S i
, g
d
p p y g q g
Hm quy i gin on c dng bn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+ +
= =
A A A d B B d
i S S i S S i
( ) ( )
+ +
= =
d A A AB B B AB
u S S u S S u
( ) ( )
+ +
Khi tha S S S S bi cc hm i ch Khi thay S
A+
- S
A-
v S
B+
- S
B-
bi cc hm iu ch m
A
t th h t h li t A
i m i m i = =
v m
B
ta s thu c cc phng trnh lin tc sau y: A
A d B d
i m i m i = =
d
A AB B AB
u m u m u = =
d
A AB B AB
u m u m u
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip) 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL e) NL ngun dng (tip)
Cu 3 pha Cu 3 pha
Hm logic:
1 + + =
U V W
S S S 1
1
+ + +
+ + =
+ +
U V W
S S S
S S S 1

+ + =
U V W
S S S
Hm quy i gin on:
( ) ( ) ( )
Hm quy i gin on:
( ) ( ) ( )
; ;
+ + +
= = =
U U U d V V V d W W W d
i S S i i S S i i S S i
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + +
= + + u S S S S u S S S S u S S S S u
( ) ( ) ( )
+ + + + + +
= + +
d U V U V UV V W V W VW W U W U WU
u S S S S u S S S S u S S S S u
Cc dng pha c ba mc: i
d
, 0 v i
d
. Ti mi thi im, mch MCTG hoc c ni vi hai cc Cc dng pha c ba mc: i
d
, 0 v i
d
. Ti mi thi im, mch MCTG hoc c ni vi hai cc
pha pha hoc b ngn mch bi mt nhnh van Kt hp hm logic vi u
UV
+u
VW
+u
WU
=0 ta c: pha pha, hoc b ngn mch bi mt nhnh van. Kt hp hm logic vi u
UV
+u
VW
+u
WU
0 ta c:
( ) ( )

S S S S
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
=
d U U UV W W VW
d U U U V V V W W W
u S S u S S u
u S S u S S u S S u
( ) ( ) ( )
+ +
+ +
; ;
+
= = =

d U U U V V V W W W
UV U V VW V W WU W U
u S S u S S u S S u
u u u u u u u u u ; ;

UV U V VW V W WU W U
Khi thay (S S ) (S S ) v (S S ) bi Khi thay (S
U+
-S
U-
), (S
V+
-S
V-
) v (S
W+
-S
W-
) bi
h i h t th
; ;
U V W
U d V d W d
i m i i m i i m i = = =
cc hm iu ch m
U
, m
V
, v m
W
ta s thu c
h t h li t b
U d V d W d
+ +
cc phng trnh lin tc bn: d
U U V V W W
u m u m u m u = + +
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL
f) Khi qut v dng dng / p f) Khi qut v dng dng / p
NL ca NL ngun p
g) Khi qut v dng dng / p
ca NL ngun dng
2012
1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL h) Nguyn tc bin i cp i 1.2.3 Cc dng s ca NL h) Nguyn tc bin i cp i
Trong cc mc trn nhiu ln ch Trong cc mc trn nhiu ln ch
r nguyn tc bin i cp i: r nguyn tc bin i cp i:
Ngun p bin thnh ngun dng Ngun p bin thnh ngun dng.
in cm bin thnh in dung in cm bin thnh in dung.
Mch song song bin thnh mch Mch song song bin thnh mch
ni tip ni tip.
S bi th h t S sao bin thnh s tam
i
V d bin i cp i gia hai cu
gic.
V kh d bi
V d bin i cp i gia hai cu
1 pha
Van c kh nng dn ngc bin
1 pha
Tri: NL ngun p; Phi: NL ngun dng
thnh van c kh nng chn ngc.
Tri: NL ngun p; Phi: NL ngun dng
Cc loi ph ti ca NL ngun dng v p Cc loi ph ti ca NL ngun dng v p
Tri: Ti chun ca NL ngun p Tri: Ti chun ca NL ngun p
Gia: Ti chun ca NL ngun dng (bin i cp i ca ngun p) Gia: Ti chun ca NL ngun dng (bin i cp i ca ngun p)
Phi: Phi hp ti cho NL ngun dng Phi: Phi hp ti cho NL ngun dng
2012
1 3 Vn iu khin trong TBB 1.3. Vn iu khin trong TBB
1.3.1 Cu trc K khi s dng NL ngun p 1.3.1 Cu trc K khi s dng NL ngun p
C 2 pha u c vng C trong cng vi nhim v C dng cho php gim st d dng gii hn C 2 pha u c vng C trong cng vi nhim v C dng, cho php gim st, d dng gii hn
dng i vi vng C cp trn vng C dng bn trong c tc dng nh ngun dng K c dng. i vi vng C cp trn, vng C dng bn trong c tc dng nh ngun dng K c.
V C h ti hi ti ti i h t thi h h Vng C pha ti c nhim v a ti ti v gi n nh trng thi vn hnh mong mun.
Ph ti t h t h MCTG Pha ti quyt nh cng sut ca mch MCTG.
V C d hi k b d Vng C dng c thit k trn c s sng c bn ca dng.
2012
1.3.2 Dng hu cng v dng v cng trong NL 1.3.2 Dng hu cng v dng v cng trong NL
NL vi ti chun: NL vi ti chun:
T i M h 1 h Tri: Mch 1 pha
Phi S th th Phi: S thay th
Tch in p Thun ty dng Thun ty dng
C th iu khin cng
p
ra thnh 2
y g
hu cng chy
y g
v cng chy
C th iu khin cng
sut hu v v cng
thnh phn
g y
qua ti
g y
qua ti
sut hu v v cng
hon ton c lp vi hon ton c lp vi
nhau Vic K cch ly nhau. Vic K cch ly
(K tch knh K kh (K tch knh, K kh
tng tc) cn ph tng tc) cn ph
thuc vo mc phc thuc vo mc phc
h t ti hp ca cu trc ti.
2012
1.3.3 iu khin dng a) Cu trc iu khin dng 1 pha 1.3.3 iu khin dng a) Cu trc iu khin dng 1 pha
Hai phng php: Hai phng php:
1 Gi tr t c dng hnh sin: C trc tip trn min thi gian Khu C c th theo lut PI hay 1. Gi tr t c dng hnh sin: C trc tip trn min thi gian. Khu C c th theo lut PI hay
l kh 2 3 i l khu 2, 3 im.
2 Gi l hi C t h t b i t d h h h 2. Gi tr t l mt chiu: C trn h ta quay ng b vi vector dng. chnh xc cao hn,
C h h hi kh kh (C h k h) cu trc C phc tp hn v phi c kh nng kh tng tc (C tch knh)
2012
1.3.3 iu khin dng b) Cu trc iu khin dng 3 pha 1.3.3 iu khin dng b) Cu trc iu khin dng 3 pha
b
a
Ba phng php:
c
p g p p
a) C trc tip dng ca tng pha: S dng cc
c
) p g g p g
khu C phi tuyn kiu 2 3 im p y
b) C trn h ta : C th s dng khu b) C trn h ta : C th s dng khu
C theo lut PI hay cc khu C phi tuyn C theo lut PI hay cc khu C phi tuyn
c) C trn h ta dq: L h ta quay ng b vi vector dng i lng C l thnh phn c) C trn h ta dq: L h ta quay ng b vi vector dng. i lng C l thnh phn
mt chiu Phi gii quyt bi ton K kh tng tc (K tch knh) mt chiu. Phi gii quyt bi ton K kh tng tc (K tch knh)
2012
1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc C ca thit b NL 1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc C ca thit b NL
C trc n gin C Cu trc n gin C
h h l h l i nghch lu pha li
Cu trc kinh in C Cu trc kinh in C
(nghch lu pha ti) (nghch lu pha ti)
ng c xoay chiu ng c xoay chiu
ba pha trn c s ta ba pha trn c s ta
th t th R t theo t thng Rotor
2012
1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc K ca thit b NL 1.3.4 Vi v d v cu trc K ca thit b NL
Cu trc C (nghch lu pha Cu trc C (nghch lu pha
l i) c ng cp in nng cho li) cung cp in nng cho
ti t th h cm ti to thnh mng c
M ti h h h o. Mc tiu chnh: n nh
in p cung cp
1.3.5 Tng kt cc yu cu t ra cho khu IU CH 1.3.5 Tng kt cc yu cu t ra cho khu IU CH
1. Khu iu ch MOD (Modulator) l thnh phn ca vng C (thng l vng C dng). Khu ( ) p g ( g g g)
MOD c nhim v bin gi tr t ca in p (dng lin tc trn min thi gian) thnh hm g p ( g g )
logic iu khin ng/ngt cc van bn dn. g g g
2. Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca in p ra NL phi bm nhanh v chnh xc gi tr t, khng nh 2. Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca in p ra NL phi bm nhanh v chnh xc gi tr t, khng nh
hng ti ng hc ca vng C Khu MOD phi c coi l khu t l P hng ti ng hc ca vng C. Khu MOD phi c coi l khu t l P.
3 Khu MOD gy mo dng in p ra Mt khu MOD ti u l khu t gy mo nht khi cho 3. Khu MOD gy mo dng in p ra. Mt khu MOD ti u l khu t gy mo nht khi cho
trc tn s ng/ngt trc tn s ng/ngt.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
to xung iu khin NL 2. Cc ph to xung iu khin NL
2 1 M t NL ngun p 2 mc v to mu xung K 2.1. M t NL ngun p 2 mc v to mu xung K
2.1.1 M hnh 2.1.1 M hnh
Xut pht im tnh ton bao Xut pht im tnh ton bao
gi cng l cc th gi cng l cc s thay
th (h h b ) d l th (hnh bn) dng van l
h h h d tng, cho php tnh ton d
d l ) l dng. Hy ly s a) lm
v d:
Ba s c
bn ca NLL
Bc 1: Cho trc hm logic
ngun p 2
(hm ng ngt) S
A
g p
mc
Bc 2: in p pha s c
tnh theo:
d
U
u S =
0
2
A A
u S =
c im ca hm logic v dng/p ch
( ) ( ) ( ) i S b
g g p
xc lp c th c m t c bit thun
( ) ( ) ( )
, 1 , 1
cos sin
A s s
S t a t b t

= +

xc lp c th c m t c bit thun
li nh chui Fourier Gi s ta c chui
1
U U
=
li nh chui Fourier. Gi s ta c chui
Fourier ca hm logic S
A
(khng cha
2 2
0
; ;
d d
A
U U
a a b b u a b
= = = +
Fourier ca hm logic S
A
(khng cha
thnh phn mt chiu DC):
0,
, , , , , ,
; ;
2 2
A
u s u s u u
a a b b u a b

= = = +
thnh phn mt chiu DC):
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.1 M hnh (tip) 2.1.1 M hnh (tip)
1
Bc 3: Dng ti c tnh theo cng thc
( ) ( )
0
1
A A
i t u e dt =
Bc 3: Dng ti c tnh theo cng thc

( ) ( )
0 A A
k
i t u e dt
L

Tnh dng bng chui Fourier
k
Tnh dng bng chui Fourier,

vi sc t ng e c coi l
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1
sin cos sin
e e e
e t e t a t b t

= =
= + = +
vi sc t ng e c coi l
thun tu sin v ch cha sng
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 , 1 1 , 1 1
1 1
e e e
thun tu sin v ch cha sng

c bn
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
;
i u e i u e
a b b b a a

= =
c bn.
( ) ( )
, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
1 1
;
i u e i u e
k k
a b b b a a
L L

= = = = = =
N khi ti h h
2 2
i b
Ngay c khi ti phc hp

( d h kh l )
2 2
, 1
, 1 , 1
A
i i
i a b

=
= =
= +
(v d: thm khu lc), vn c
1 1
th tnh dng/p theo phng
, , , ,
1 1
;
i u i u
a b b a
L L

= =
php trn.
, , , ,
1 1
i u i u
k k
L L

0
2 2
A
u
0,
2 2
,
, ,
; 1
A
A
i i
u
i a b
L

= + = >
, ,
1
i i
k
L

Bc 4: Dng ca mch MCTG s c tnh t

1 1 S S +
g
dng pha v hm logic nh sau:
1 1
;
A A
d A d A
S S
i i i i
+
+
= =
g p g
;
2 2
d A d A
i i i i
+
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch 2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch
xc lp xc lp
a) u ra AC
Sng c bn: L thnh phn hu ch
)
g p
ca u ra, tnh theo hm iu ch m ca u ra, tnh theo hm iu ch m
0 1 A
U u
( )
0, 1
0, 1
1
; sin ;
2 2
A
d
A
m
U u
u m m M t M
U

=
=
= = + = ( )
1
2 2
m
d
U
M i l i h i i t ti M 4/ M c gi l mc iu ch vi gi tr ti a M
max
= 4/
Thnh phn gy mo: M t bi gi tr hiu dng U I Thnh phn gy mo: M t bi gi tr hiu dng
hay gi tr bin
, ,
,
VZ eff VZ eff
U I
hay gi tr bin
VZ
i
2
Tn hiu tng: M t bi gi tr hiu dng hay gi tr bin

,
eff eff
U I
1
2
ff
u
U
U
=
n hiu tng: t b g t u d g ay g t b
. H s mo dng ca tn hiu tng c nh ngha nh sau:
,
eff eff
, u i

,
2
eff
VZ eff
U
U
k = = . H s mo dng ca tn hiu tng c nh ngha nh sau: , u i
2
eff eff
k
U U
ff ff
Tn s ng ngt f
s
v h s ng ngt q: g g f
s
g g q
Tn s ng ngt f
s
l mt i lng v cng quan trng, c trng cho phng php iu khin / g g f
s
g g q g, g p g p p
iu ch. H s ng ngt q:
f
iu ch. H s ng ngt q:
1
s
f
q
f
=
cho bit s ln chuyn mch 2q (ln/xung) ca 1 van trong 1 chu k cng tc Bng tip theo cho
1
f
cho bit s ln chuyn mch 2q (ln/xung) ca 1 van trong 1 chu k cng tc. Bng tip theo cho
ta bit s ln chuyn mch ca tng loi s c cp n ta bit s ln chuyn mch ca tng loi s c cp n.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp a) u ra AC (tip) 2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp a) u ra AC (tip)
Ch i F i Khi bit h
S ln chuyn mch trong s Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha
Chui Fourier: Khi bit cc h
F i t hi hi
in p im trung tnh u hoc u 2q 2q 2q
s Fourier ca tn hiu xoay chiu,
h h h
in p im trung tnh u
A0
hoc u
U0
2q 2q 2q
ta c th tnh c cc gi tr hiu

in p pha u
AB
hoc u
U
- 4q 6q
dng mt cch d dng (xem ph
in p pha pha u
UV
- - 4q
tn hnh thuc trang trc).
UV
Dng ra i hoc i 2q 4q 6q
2 2

Dng ra i
A
hoc i
U
2q 4q 6q
;
ff VZ ff
u u
U U

= =

Dng mch MCTG i
d
hoc i
d+
2q 4q 6q
,
1 2
;
2 2
eff VZ eff
U U
= =

b) Pha DC (mch MCTG): Khi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) , 1
1 1
sin ; sin
A
A A VZ A i A VZ
S t M t S i t i t i

=
= + = + +
b) Pha DC (mch MCTG): Khi

mch MCTG khng c lc l
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
1 , 1 ,
;
A A VZ A i A VZ
Mi i Mi
mch MCTG khng c lc l

tng dng i
d
c dng hnh di
( ) ( )
, 1 , 1 , 1
1 1
cos sin cos 2
4 2 4
A A A
d i i i
Mi i Mi
i t t

= = =
+
= + + + +
tng, dng i
d+
c dng hnh di
X t ht i
( ) ( )
1 1
4 2 4
d i i i

+
Xut pht im
h d l
1
A
S
i i
+
= ( ) ( )
, 1 , , ,
sin sin
A A VZ A VZ A VZ
S i i
i M
t S t i

=
+ + + + +
tnh dng l
2
d A
i i
+
= ( ) ( )
1 , 1 ,
sin sin
2 2 2 2
i A VZ A VZ
t S t i + + + + +
hm logic
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip) 2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip)

1 A
Mi

Thnh phn mt chiu: Quyt nh cng sut

, 1
cos
4
A
d i
Mi
I

=
= hu cng truyn ti qua NLL, ph thuc vo
4

h s iu ch, bin dng pha v gc pha
0, 1 , 1 A A
u i M
U I U i
= =

, g p g p
ca dng pha , ,
, 1
cos cos
2 4
A
d d i d i
U I U i

=
= =
g p
Sng hi c bn v bc cao: Trong
2 4
Sng hi c bn v bc cao: Trong
trng hp na cu dng mt chiu trng hp na cu, dng mt chiu
c cha c thnh phn hi c bn
i M i

c cha c thnh phn hi c bn
ln hi bc 2
( ) ( )
, 1 , 1
1 1 2 1
sin ; cos 2
A A
d i d i
i M i
i t i t

= =
= =
= + = +
ln hi bc 2.
( ) ( )
, 1 1 , 2 1
;
2 4
d i d i

= =
+ +
Thnh phn hi c bn
v hi bc 2 ca cc
Na cu (i
d+
) Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha mch l rt khc nhau.
d
Thnh phn
t hi I
, 1 A
M i
=
, 1 A
M i
=
, 1
3
U
M i
=
Ph bin ca s na cu
mt chiu I
d
,
cos
4
i
,
cos
2
i
,
cos
4
i
Ph bin ca s na cu
Sng hi c
1 A
i
Sng hi c
bn I
d,=1
( )
, 1
1
sin
2
A
i
i
t

=
+
S hi
2

Sng hi
bc cao I
( )
, 1
1
cos 2
A
i
M i
t

=
+
( )
, 1
1
cos 2
2
A
i
M i
t

=
+
bc cao I
d,=2
( )
1
cos
4
i
t +
( )
1
2
i

2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip) 2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) b) Pha DC (tip)
Thnh phn gy mo: Bao gm cc thnh phn c cha tch ca S
A
v i
A
, trong c th c c cc
thnh phn mt chiu v hi
1
, 2
1
.
1 1
S i i
i M
( ) ( )
, 1 , , ,
, 1 , 1 ,
sin sin
2 2 2 2
A A VZ A VZ A VZ
d VZ i A VZ A VZ
S i i
i M
i t S t i

=
= + + + + ( ) ( )
, 1 , 1 ,
2 2 2 2
d VZ i A VZ A VZ
Khi t lc C
d
(hnh trn) ln, in p mch MCTG c
( )
1
; u t i dt i I i = =

d
( ) , p
cha hi u
d VZ
c tnh nh sau:
( )
,
;
d VZ C C d d
d
u t i dt i I i
C
= =
d,VZ

d
Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha
) C l h
Na cu Cu 1 pha Cu 3 pha
c) Cc i lng chun:
in p chun U
B
d
U
d
U
U
Phc v chun cc gi tr
2
d
2
d
d
U
dng p, cho php nh
Dng chun I
2 2
U U U U U U
gi, so snh cc mch
Dng chun I
B
2
d B
U U
L L
=
d B
U U
L L
=
2
d B
U U
L L
=
khc nhau mt cch
1 1
2
k k
L L
1 1 k k
L L
1 1
2
k k
L L
thun li.
in khng chun
d B
U U
d B
U U
d B
U U
X
B
2
d B
A A
i i
=

d B
A A
i i
=

2
d B
U U
i i
=

, ,
2
A n A n
i i
, , A n A n
i i
, ,
2
U n U n
i i
H s iu ch M
0 1 A
u
=
0 1 A
u
0 1 1 U U
u u
= =

0, 1 A
u
U
=
0, 1 A
u
U
=
0, 1 , 1 U U
u u
U U
= =
=
B
U
B
U
B B
U U
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip) 2.1.2 nh ngha cc tham s: a) Ch xc lp (tip)
d) Mmen hi trong my in xoay chiu ba pha: Do hi ca dng in gy nn v l mt trong cc ) g y y p g g y g
tham s quan trng khi nh gi cht lng K van NL. Cng thc tnh mmen c dng: q g g g g g
3 1 3 1
( )
{ } ( )
*
3 1 3 1
Re
l S S
M t e i e i

= = + e i ( )
{ } ( )
s , ,
Re
2 2
el Str Str
s s
M t e i e i

= = + e i
s s
M hi l h h b h Mmen hi l hiu s gia gi tr tc thi v gi tr trung bnh ca mmen quay:
{ } ( )
*
3 1 3 1
{ } ( )
*
3 1 3 1
Re
2 2
el
el VZ el Str VZ Str VZ Str VZ
M M M e i e i

= = = + e i
{ } ( )
, , , , , ,
1 1
2 2
el VZ el Str VZ Str VZ Str VZ

Khi cn so snh cc phng php K van (iu ch) khc nhau thng ta chn ch khng ti: Khi cn so snh cc phng php K van (iu ch) khc nhau, thng ta chn ch khng ti:
{ }
*
3 1
0 R M M i
{ }
, 1 , , 1 ,
0 ; Re
2
el
Str el VZ Str Str VZ
M M

= =
= = = e u u i
1
2
Gi tr chun M
B
ca mmen c chn nh sau:
B

2
U I
2
B
B B
B
U I
U
M

= =
2
B
B B k
M
L
= =
B B k
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.3 Tnh i xng 2.1.3 Tnh i xng
2
a) Phng php K ng b: Ph
2
K s
c coi l ng b mi chu k ca hm
logic (ng ngt), tc l mi chu k ca
in p u ra nghch lu u ging nhau. p g g g
V d iu ch ng b vi q = 7: V d iu ch ng b vi q = 7:
t : khng i xng trong 1 chu k trn: khng i xng trong 1 chu k
i i h k gia: i xng chu k
d i i h k di: i xng chu k
C i ki b i h b Cc iu kin bo m iu ch ng b:
Tn s ng ngt f
s
ln gp mt s nguyn ln tn s cng tc (sng c bn) f
1
s g gt f
s
gp t s guy t s c g tc (s g c b ) f
1
S ln chuyn trng thi van q (trong mt chu k) phi l s nguyn S ln chuyn trng thi van q (trong mt chu k) phi l s nguyn
Hm logic (hm ng ngt) cng nh dng v p phi c ph tn nh hnh trang 39 Hm logic (hm ng ngt), cng nh dng v p phi c ph tn nh hnh trang 39
b) i xng trong phm vi 1 chu k: Cc i lng ng b c th c c im i xng trong phm b) i xng t ong phm vi chu k: Cc g g b c t c c g t o g p
vi 1 chu k, cho php n gin ha nhiu vic tnh chui Fourier. vi 1 chu k, cho php n gin ha nhiu vic tnh chui Fourier.
i xng chu k (hnh gia): Na chu k th 2 l nh o ca na chu k th nht C th tnh cc i xng chu k (hnh gia): Na chu k th 2 l nh o ca na chu k th nht. C th tnh cc
h s Fourier bng cch ly tch phn trong khong chu k h s Fourier bng cch ly tch phn trong khong chu k.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.3 Tnh i xng 2.1.3 Tnh i xng
b) i xng trong phm vi 1 chu k (tip)
2

( ) ( ) ( )
, 1 1 1
2
cos ;
s
a s t t d t
i xng chu k (tip): H s Fourier

( ) ( ) ( )
,
0
g ( p)
Ch tn ti hi bc l, khng c thnh
2

, g
phn mt chiu. H s ng ngt q phi
( ) ( ) ( )
, 1 1 1
2
sin ; 1, 3, 5,
s
b s t t d t

= =

p c u. s g g q p
l s nguyn l.
( ) ( ) ( )
,
0
l s nguyn l.
i xng chu k: Do c thm trc i xng ti cc im /2, 3/2 trong phm vi na chu k,
khong tch phn tnh cc h s Fourier thu hp li ch cn chu k.
2
4

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
4
0; sin ; 1, 3, 5, a b s t t d t

= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
, , 1 1 1
0
0; sin ; 1, 3, 5,
s s
a b s t t d t

V d i i
0
V d in p i xng
chu k (cu 1 pha):
tri: in p pha
phi: Hm ng ngt ca
cc nhnh van
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.1.3 Tnh i xng b) i xng trong phm vi 1 chu k (tip) 2.1.3 Tnh i xng b) i xng trong phm vi 1 chu k (tip)
i xng chu k (tip) i xng chu k (tip)
M hi CXCBP khi i bi i h k T th t 43 Mmen hi ca CXCBP khi nui bi ngun p i xng chu k: T cng thc trang 43:
( )
1
3 u

3 1

( )
( )
1
1 1
1
3
sin
el VZ
u
M i i t

=
+
=

*
1
3 1
Re
2
el VZ Str Str
M

=

=

u i
( )
( )
, 1
1 6, 12, 18,
2
el VZ
+
=
, , 1 ,
1 5, 7, 11, 13,
2
el VZ Str Str
=
=

, , ,
3

( )
1 1 1
1
3
sin
u u u
t

= +

( )
1
2
6 12 18 1
sin
2 1 1
k
t
L

=
=

6, 12, 18, 1 k =

M hi h h hi b l l 6 Mmen hi ch cha cc hi c bc l s nguyn ln ca 6

c) Phng php K khng ng b c) Phng php K khng ng b
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2 2 Ph h K t h ( b ) 2.2. Phng php K tn s ca sng ch (sng c bn) g p p g ( g )
Phng php iu khin NL n gin nht l phng php K tn s ca sng Phng php iu khin NL n gin nht l phng php K tn s ca sng
ch s d ng hm logic ch g ch n mch (ng ngt) an 2 ln trong phm i ch, s dng hm logic ch gy chuyn mch (ng ngt) van 2 ln trong phm vi
t h k Th h h
2
K b C th t ti h i mt chu k ca sng. Thuc nhm cc ph
2
K ng b. C th t ti h s iu
h M 4/ i i i h h t d tt ht i h ch M = 4/ i vi mi s , v v vy cho php tn dng tt nht in p mch
MTCG.
2 2 1 S 2.2.1 S na cu
Khi T T c cha thnh Khi T
+
T
-
, u
A0
c cha thnh
h DC ( t hi ) phn DC (mt chiu).
Th th t h T T Thng thng ta chn T
+
= T
-
a) in p pha: a) in p pha:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 1 1 4 1
sin sin 3 sin 5 sin
d d
U U
u t t t t

= + + + =

b) D
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 1 1 1
1 3 5
sin sin 3 sin 5 sin
2 3 5 2
A
u t t t t

=
= + + + =

b) Dng gy mo:
1, 3, 5,
4 1 4 4 U U U
=

0, 1
0 1 0
4 1 4 4
; ; ;
2 2 2
d d d
A
A eff A eff
U U U
u U M U

=
=
= = = =
2
2 8
d
U
I

+
,
0, 1, 0,
; ; ;
2 2 2
2
A eff A eff

=
, ,
2
1
12
d
A VZ eff
k
I
L
= +
2 2
0 0 1 8 A ff A ff
U U
1
12
2
k
L
U

0, 0, 1,
2
8
1 0, 435
A eff A eff
u
U U
k
U
=
= = =
2
0,109
d
U
L
=
2
0, A eff
U
1 k
L
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha 2.2.2 S cu 1 pha
( )
1 1 1
1 1 1
T T T
U U U

Gi tr trung bnh
( )
( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
d d d
AB
A B A B A B
U U U
U S S dt S dt S dt S S
T T T

= = =

g
ca in p:
( )
( )
1 1 1
0 0 0
2 2 2
A B A B A B
T T T

ca in p:

Thng thng, gi tr trung bnh ca u
AB
phi l 0, tc l: Nu 0, khi y s lm vic

A B
S S =
ch bin i DC DC.
bo m h s mo dng l b nht, in p cn phi c dng i xng chu k (hnh phi). C g p p g g ( p )
th s dng gc iu khin lm tham s chn t do. C hai phng php K sau y: g g p g p p y
Phng php 1: S dng 2 hm ng ngt i xng v c dng xung vung cho hai nhnh van (hnh g p p g g g g g g g (
tri, trang tip). Hai hm lch pha nhau gc -2. C 2 hm u khng cha thnh phn DC. , g p) p g g p
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) 2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip)
Phng php 2: S dng 2 hm ng ngt c thnh phn DC ging nhau (hnh phi). Hai hm
lch pha nhau gc . Khong thi gian T
+
ca c 2 hm s l -2.
a) in p pha:
4 1 4 1

a) in p pha:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
4 1 4 1
cos sin cos 3 sin 3 cos sin
3
AB d d
u U t t U t

= + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1, 3, 5,
3
AB d d
( ) ( )
4 1 4
U U U
( ) ( ) , 1
, 1,
cos ; cos
2
AB
d AB eff d
u U U U

=
=
= =
( )
2 2
2
2
8
U U
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
, , 1,
8cos
4
cos ; 1 2 ; 1
AB eff AB eff
AB ff d
U U
M U U k

=
= = = = ( )
( )
,
,
cos ; 1 2 ; 1
2
AB eff d u
AB eff
M U U k
U

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) a) in p pha (tip): 2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) a) in p pha (tip):
Gi tr hiu dng H s mo dng Bin ca sng hi
b) Thnh phn dng gy mo dng: V dng gy mo i
A,VZ
ch do in p pha quyt nh v khng
,
ph thuc sc t ng phn khng. tnh i
A,VZ
, ta s dng dng ngn mch i
A,k
(chy khi sc t
A,VZ A,k
ng bng 0). V u
AB
c dng xung vung, i
A k
lun c dng tuyn tnh. g g )
AB
g g g,
A,k
g y
2
4 U
2
3 2
4
d
A k ff
U
I

= +
, ,
1
3 12
A k eff
k
I
L

+
1 k
1 A VZ A k VZ k k
i i i i

= =
, , , , 1
2
A VZ A k VZ k k
i i i i
=
2
2
3 2
4 cos
8
d
U
I

= +
, ,
1
8
3 12
A VZ eff
k
I
L

= +

1 November 51
1 k
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
b) Thnh phn dng gy b) Thnh phn dng gy
d (ti ) mo dng (tip):
D i h Dng ca in p pha, sng
c bn ca in p dng gy c bn ca in p, dng gy
mo v ph tn s ca chng: mo v ph tn s ca chng:
trn: = 0; di: = 3/10 trn: = 0; di: = 3/10
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng Gi tr hiu dng ca dng
gy mo tng, cng nh hi g y g, g
bc 3 v bc 5 ca dng g
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Dng mch MCTG: 2.2.2 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Dng mch MCTG:
( )
A
i
i S S
, 1
0 :
A
dB i
= ( )
2
A
d A B
i S S =
2
Tri: Dng mch MCTG,
dng pha v hm logic
Phi Ph t Phi: Ph tn s ca
dng mch MCTG dng mch MCTG
0 2 i I
, 1
0, 2
A
B
i I
=
=
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha 2.2.3 S cu 3 pha
in p pha trn ti v in p pha trn ti v
in p pha - im gia
in p pha trn ti v
in p pha im gia
in p pha - im gia
v in p im trung tnh in p pha - im gia v in p im trung tnh
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip)
a) in p pha trn ti v in p pha - im gia
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip)
a) in p pha t n ti v in p pha im gia
Hai in p trn ch khc nhau hi bc 3 Cc gi tr hiu dng:
4 1 4 4
d d
U U
a p t c c au bc 3
v cc hi c bc l s nguyn ln ca 3.
Cc g t u d g:
, 1
, 1,
4 1 4 4
; ;
2 2
2
d d
U
U eff
U U
u U M

=
=
= = =
v cc hi c bc l s nguyn ln ca 3.
Chui Fourier c dng sau:
2 2
2
ff

Chui Fourier c dng sau:

2 2
, , 1, 8 9
1
U eff U eff
d
U U
U
U k
=
( ) ( )
4 1
i
d
U
t t

, , 1,
,
2
8 9
; 1
9 2
U eff U eff
d
U eff u
ff
U
U k
U

= = =
( ) ( )
1
1 5 7 11 13
sin
2
d
U
u t t

=

,
9 2
U eff
U
1, 5, 7, 11, 13,
2

=

H s mo dng b hn hn so vi s 1 pha, l do: khng cn hi bc 3 v cc hi c bc l s H s mo dng b hn hn so vi s 1 pha, l do: khng cn hi bc 3 v cc hi c bc l s

nguyn ln ca 3 nguyn ln ca 3.
b) Thnh phn dng gy mo:
2
1

2
,
, ,
1
2
U
U VZ eff
I i

=

5, 7, 11
2
=
2
0 0417
d
U
=
1
0, 0417
k
L
=
2 2 1
0 123
d d
U U
i

,
1 1
0,123
9
d d
U VZ
k k
U U
i
L L
= =

in p pha trn ti, pha - im gia,
b d
Cc ph tng ng
0dB U /2 h I
1 1
9
k k
L L
sng c bn v dng gy mo 0dB: U
d
/2 hoc I
B
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
) D h MCTG c) Dng mch MCTG:
Thnh phn I
d
do cng sut Thnh phn I
d
do cng sut
hu cng quyt nh hu cng quyt nh.
Sng hi bao gm cc bc l Sng hi bao gm cc bc l
s nguyn ln ca 6
1
s nguyn ln ca 6.
( )
1
2
d U U V V W W
i i S i S i S = + + ( )
2
d U U V V W W
d) Mmen hi: c tnh t ph in p cho h truyn ng ch khng ti Xut pht t phn d) Mmen hi: c tnh t ph in p cho h truyn ng ch khng ti. Xut pht t phn
t h h i F i i t tch chui Fourier in p ta c:

( )
2
3 4 1 1 1
d
U

( ) ( )
( )
, 1
2 2 2
3 4 1 1 1
sin
2 2
1 1
d
el VZ
U
M t
L

=

+
( ) ( ) 6, 12, 18, 1
2 2
1 1
k
L

=

+

( ) ( )
2
6 1 1 1 1
d
U

( ) ( )
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
6 1 1 1 1
sin 6 sin 12
5 7 11 13
d
U
t t
L

= + +

1
5 7 11 13
k
L

2
6 1 1
d
U
M

,
2 2 2 2
6 1 1
5 7
d
el VZ
U
M
L

Bin mmen hi
1
5 7
0 294
k
L
M

Mmen hi ch khng ti khi
Bin mmen hi
0, 294
B
M =
K tn s sng ch,
1
=(4)
B
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Mmen hi (tip) 2.2.3 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Mmen hi (tip)
Hai thnh phn hi dng c cng tn s b trit tiu nhau, v vy mmen hi tng i nh so
vi cc ph
2
khc.
Tuy nhin, khi ph ti tng in tr ng k (R
k
0), hai hi dng k trn lch pha nhau s lm tng
k
mmen hi.
e) iu khin bin sng c bn ca in p e) iu khin bin sng c bn ca in p
Bng cch chn t l
T
+
/T
-
1, ta c th
K bin ca sng g
c bn
Trong in p pha o g p p
im gia xut hin im gia xut hin
thnh phn DC thnh phn DC
Tri vi ph
2
K i Tri vi ph K i
xng trong ph in xng, trong ph in
p xut hin thm
in p pha - im gia v pha
p xut hin thm
nhiu hi vi bin
in p pha - im gia v pha
(trn ti), sng c bn ca in
Ph in p ca hnh bn tri
nhiu hi vi bin
l bit l hi
( ), g
p pha (trn ti) khi K khng
0dB: U
d
/2
ln, c bit l hi
b h
i xng, T
+
/T
-
= 7
bc chn
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2 3 Ph h 2.3. Phng php sng mang g p p g g
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang a) To xung K
iu kin:
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang a) To xung K
iu kin:
Nguyn l: So snh sng mang
1
A S ll T
x x
+ >
T T
A S ll
x x x

x
T
(xung rng ca) vi tn hiu
,
1
1
A Soll T
A
x x
S
+ >

,
,
1 1
T T
A Soll
A Soll
x x x
x

T
( g g )
ch o x
A Soll
,
1
A
A Soll T
x x
,
1
T
x

=

A,Soll
tnh ton, coi x
A,Soll
l hng trong phm vi chu k sng mang. Khi y, t
E
t l thun trc tip vi
x
A,Soll
. T c th tnh gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca hm ng ngt v in p pha - im gia.
1 2
T
T
U T
0
1 2
;
T
d E T
A A
A A S ll A S ll
U t T
S S dt x u x
= = = =
0 A
u
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn c th
0
, ,
0
;
2
A A
A A Soll A Soll
T T
S S dt x u x
T T
c K t l trc tip vi x
A,Soll
0
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang iu ch ng b - khng ng b 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang iu ch ng b khng ng b
H s ng ngt q = T
1
/T
T
= f
T
/f
1
c th c gi tr bt k: Nu l s nguyn, ta c iu ch ng b.
Nu khng phi l s nguyn, ta c iu ch khng ng b.
iu ch iu ch
ng b khng
b ng b

,
3; 0, 8
A Soll
q x = =
,
3, 3; 0, 8
A Soll
q x = =
Ph tn s
ca in p
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tn hiu iu ch) 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tn hiu iu ch)
Trn: Sng mang dng Trn: Sng mang dng
xung rng ca g g
Di: Sng mang dng
t i xung tam gic
C 4 dng sng mang: C 4 dng sng mang:
Xung rng ca iu ch bng sn sau: Sn trc c gi c nh sn sau c s dng Xung rng ca iu ch bng sn sau: Sn trc c gi c nh, sn sau c s dng
i h (h h t b hi) iu ch (hnh trn, bn phi).
X i h b t S i h t d Xung rng ca iu ch bng sn trc: Sn sau c gi c nh, sn trc c s dng
i h (h h b i) iu ch (hnh trn, bn tri).
Xung tam gic cn: C hai sn trc v sau u c s dng iu ch theo phng php
i xng. Khi tn hiu ch o gn nh khng i trong mt chu k iu ch, ta c hai sn xung
K van i xng so vi nh ca sng mang (hnh di, bn tri).
Xung tam gic khng cn: C hai sn trc v sau u c s dng iu ch. Xung K van g g g g g
khng i xng (hnh di, bn phi).
1 November 59
g g ( , p )
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tip) 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang b) Dng ca sng mang (tip)
Ph tn khi
iu ch
Ph tn khi
iu ch iu ch
bng sn
iu ch
bng sn bng sn
sau
bng sn
trc
Ph tn khi Ph tn khi Ph tn khi
iu ch i
Ph tn khi
iu ch u c
xng khng i
xng
Ph tn ca 2 phng php iu ch sn trc v sn sau l ging nhau
Ph tn ca ph
2
iu ch 1 sn (trc hoc sau) vi 2 sn (trc v sau) l rt khc nhau nhng
bin ca c 4 ph
2
u ging nhau. p g g
So vi iu ch khng i xng, ph ca ph
2
i xng t tn s hn v c bin gim nhanh hn.
1 November 60
g g, p p g g
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o
0 8
S ll
x =
1
S ll
x =
1 2
S ll
x =
S ll
x
0, 8
Soll
x = 1
Soll
x = 1, 2
Soll
x =
Soll
x
Dng quan trng nht hay c
dng trong NLL l dng hnh g g g
sin:
( )
1
sin
Soll
S ll
x x t =
( )
1
sin
Soll
Soll
x x t
b hi i i bo m xut hin cc im ct gia sng
mang v tn hiu ch o, cn tha mn
2 1 1

. Nu chn qu ln, khu MOD s

1
Soll
x
, 1
2
2 1 1
arcsin 1
Soll Soll
x x
=

= +
gy qu iu ch. trng thi qu iu ch

, 1
2
Soll Soll
Soll
Soll
x
x
, bin ca sng c bn c m
Soll
x

1
Soll
x >
g
t bi cng thc bn: g
Khi x c dng xung vung ng vi mc
4 1 1

Khi x
Soll
c dng xung vung, ng vi mc
i h t l bi b
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
4 1 1
sin sin 3 sin 5
3 5
Soll
x t t t

= + + +

qu iu ch rt ln, bin ca sng c bn

t l ht h h h K t
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
3 5
Soll

t mc ln nht nh phng php K tn
h
4
1 273 x
s ca sng ch.
, 1
1, 273
Soll
x

=
= =

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip) 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip)
Khi tn hiu ch o do
vi x l to nn v do
kh d i khng c dng sin
lin tc ??? lin tc ???
Regular Sampling Regular Sampling
Single Edge Sampling Double Edge Sampling Single Edge Sampling Double Edge Sampling
( ) i t
Th
( )
1
sin
Soll
Soll
x x t =
Thay v , ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
*
*
1 cos 2 ;
Soll
S ll
x
x f f f f f f = =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 cos 2 ;
2
Soll
Sampling Sampling
S li
x f f f f f f
f f

= =
( )
2
Sampling
f f
1
; 0, 1, 2,
Sampling
f n f f n = =
1 Sampling
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip) 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang c) Dng ca tn hiu ch o (tip)
f
Sampling
/f
1
=4,7 f
Sampling
/f
1
=4,7
Bin sng c bn ca tn g
hiu ch o b hn v chm
pha T
Sampling
/2 so vi tn hiu
ch o tht Dn n in p ch o tht. Dn n in p
ra ca NLL lun chm pha ra ca NLL lun chm pha
so vi tn hiu ch o.
Double Edge Single Edge
Hnh tri: Ph tn ca tn hiu t t ca t u
ch o. Bn cnh sng c
bn f
1
cn xut hin cc di
hi f f ( i l sng hi nf
Sampling
f
1
(single
edge) v 2nf f (double edge) v 2nf
Sampling
f
1
(double
edge). edge)
Hnh phi: ng bao bin
ca ph tn. Cho thy, khi
f l i l h bi
f
Sampling
ln, sai lch bin
sng c bn s b i
f
Sampling
/f
1
= 10; = 0,8; 0dB: 1
Soll
x
sng c bn s b i.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm (logic) ng ngt trn min tn s 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm (logic) ng ngt trn min tn s
Hm ng ngt m t tn hiu (xung) ng ngt van bn dn g gt t tn hiu ( u g) ng ngt van b d
c xy dng tng qut khi s dng dng sng mang tam gic, c xy dng tng qut khi s dng dng sng mang tam gic,
vi 2 sn khng i xng vi 2 sn khng i xng.
xy dng hm ta xut pht t chui Fourier ca dng hnh xy dng hm, ta xut pht t chui Fourier ca dng hnh
bn S minh ha

bn. S
m
minh ha
thnh phn DC
( )
2 1
; 1; sin sin cos
a b
S S S S S na nb n t

+

= + = = + +

thnh phn DC,
S l tng ca
( )
1
; 1; sin sin cos
2 2 2
m VZ m VZ T
n
S S S S S na nb n t
n

=

= + = = + +

S
VZ
l tng ca
th h h hi
1 n

cc thnh phn hi.
( ) cos cos sin
2 2
T
na nb n t

+ +

( )
2 2
T

Cc sn ca tn hiu xung Cc sn ca tn hiu xung
ng ngt van c to nn ng ngt van c to nn
h i h th h nh iu ch theo phng
h t php sng mang m t
hnh bn.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm ng ngt trn min tn s (tip) 2.3.1 Nguyn l K s dng sng mang d) M t hm ng ngt trn min tn s (tip)
Cc iu kin: Cc u
x
S ll
l hm cos: ( )
1
cos
Soll
S ll
x x t = +
x
Soll
l hm cos:
A/2 + B/2 = A+B = 2 Ch ring A c kh nng
( )
1
cos
Soll
Soll x
x x t +
A/2 + B/2 A+B 2. Ch ring A c kh nng
m t tnh i xng: A= 0 hoc 2 ta c dng rng ca A= 1 m t tnh i xng: A 0 hoc 2 ta c dng rng ca, A 1
ta c dng tam gic cn ta c dng tam gic cn.
Hai gc ng ngt a/2 v b/2 ph thuc vo tn hiu ch Hai gc ng ngt a/2 v b/2 ph thuc vo tn hiu ch
o
( ) 1 A t

+ +
o. Hm Bessel J
() khi = 07
( )
1
1 cos
2 2
Soll
x
a A x t

= + +

2 2

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 cos 2 1 cos
2 2 2
Soll Soll
x x
b B x t A x t

= + + = + +

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
2 2 2
x x

Thay 2 gc ng ngt trn vo cng thc hm ng ngt trang trc. Kt qu thu c c cha ay gc g gt t vo c g t c g gt t a g t c. t qu t u c c c a
nhiu s hng l tch an cho gia sin v cos, biu din di dng tng v hn ca cc hm nhiu s hng l tch an cho gia sin v cos, biu din di dng tng v hn ca cc hm
Bessel (hnh trn) sau y: Bessel (hnh trn) sau y:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) sin cos sin cos ; cos cos cos cos
2 2
k J k J

= =

0 0
2 2
= =

1 0
0 1 2 3 ;
khi
k

= =
0, 1, 2, 3, ;
2 1, 2, 3,
k
khi
= =
1 November 65
, , ,

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
Sau khi thay cc cng thc trang 64 vo cng thc trang 63, ta thu c sau nhiu bin i:
( )
cos + S ll S x t =
( )
1
cos + Soll
m x
S x t =
( ) ( ) ( )
i + + + + + S t t A

S l i lng xoay chiu

( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 0
sin + + + + +
2
VZ n T x
S c n t t n nA
S
m
l i lng xoay chiu.
S
VZ
m t thnh phn gy
1 0
2
n = =

S
VZ
m t thnh phn gy
mo. Cc thnh phn tn s
( ) ( ) ( )
+sin + + + ; n t t n nA

p
ca ch bao gm cc hi ca

( ) ( ) ( )
1
+sin - + - + + ;
2
T x
n t t n nA

1
khi
T
ln gp mt s
nguyn ln ca
k

nguyn ln ca
1
.
( ) ( )
cos + 2
Soll Soll
k
c J n x A n J n x A

( ) ( )
cos + 2
2 2
Soll Soll
n
c J n x A n J n x A
n

Trong ph tn lun tn ti cp
hi T l hi n
T

1
. Trong , n
T
l
s nguyn ln ca tn s s nguyn ln ca tn s
mang,
1
c trng cho cc

mang,
1
c trng cho cc
di tn bin trn v di.
Sng mang khng i xng
0 8; 0 : 1 x dB
Gi tr c
n
ng vi bin ca
i d
0,8; 0 : 1 Soll x dB =
mi cp dao ng.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
Khi s dng sng mang i xng:
{

( ) ( )
{

=

1
cos + + +
VZ n T x
S c n t t n
A 1 i i i t h h
( ) ( )
{

= =

1
1 0
VZ n T x
n
A=1. i vi mi t hp chn
ca n+ ta c c =0 tc l: Mt
( ) ( )
}

+cos + ; n t t n
ca n+ ta c c
n
=0, tc l: Mt
na ca ph tn cao bin mt.
( ) ( )
}

1
+cos - + - ;
T x
n t t n
na ca ph tn cao bin mt.
Khi s dng sng mang i
( ) ( )

2
i
k
S J
g g g
xng (n+ = l) ta c cng
th b i h t h
( ) ( )

= =

1
cos + ; sin +
2 2
Soll Soll
m x n
S x t c n J n x
n
thc bn vi ph tn nh
hnh di y

2 2 n hnh di y.
C th dng c
n
tnh bin C th dng c
n
tnh bin
ca cc hi, ph thuc bin
ca tn hiu ch o
Sng mang i xng
0,8; 0 : 1 Soll x dB =
Bin ca sng c bn v Bin ca sng c bn v

ca mt s sng hi thuc g
di tn mang th nht.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.2 S na cu
a) M t dng p trn min tn s
2.3.2 S na cu
2
a) t dng p t n min tn s
Hm ng ngt S
A
c to theo ph
2
sng mang tam gic cn.
in p pha - im gia u
A0
: C ph hi ch khc vi ph ca
hm ng ngt gi tr ca i lng chun.
d
U
S
0
2
d
A A
U
u S =
Dng gy mo:
2
ng gy mo:
( ) ( )
0,
1
+ i +
A
u
i t dt t
( ) ( )

= =
,
0,
,
cos + sin +
A
A
k k
i u t dt t
L L

k k
L L
Vic tnh cng
( ) ( )

0, ,
i + + +
A n
u
i t t
Vic tnh cng
thc bn l kh
( )
( ) ( )
, 1
1 0 1
sin + + +
A VZ T x
T k
i n t t n
n L
thc bn l kh
phc tp. Tuy
( )

= =
+
1 0 1 n T k
n L
p p y
nhin, hu nh
( ) ( )
0
i
A n
u
ch c cc thnh
phn tn s thp
( )
( ) ( )
0, ,
1
+ sin - + - ;
A n
T x
u
n t t n
n L
phn tn s thp
gi trng s ng
( )

1 T k
n L
gi trng s ng
k. V vy, ch cn

2
1 1

2 2
y,
tnh tng khi n = 1

= =
2
2
1 1
n
A VZ eff
u
I i
( ) ( )

+

0, , 0, , A n A n
u
cng t kt
qu kh quan
= =
,
, ,
1 0
2 2
n
A VZ eff
n
I i
( ) ( )

= =
+

+

1 0 1 1 n T k T k
n L n L
qu kh quan.
( ) ( )

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) Dng mch MCTG: Dng c
1 1
A A
S S +
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) Dng mch MCTG: Dng c
tnh theo cng thc bn:
1 1
;
2 2
A A
d A d A
S S
i i i i
+
+
= =
tnh theo cng thc bn:
2 2
Tri: Dng v gi tr trung
Ph t i
0dB i
Tri: Dng v gi tr trung

bnh ca i
d+
khi dng pha
Ph tn ca i
d+
,
0 :
A
dB i
d+
g p
chm /4 so vi tn hiu
ch o ca in p.
Phi Ph t d Phi: Ph tn ca dng
mch MCTG thu c khi mch MCTG, thu c khi
phn tch dng xp x tnh p g p
theo cng thc sau y:
Dng ca cc dng in
( )
1
A
S +
Dng ca cc dng in
( )
, 1 ,
1
2
A
d A A VZ
S
i i i
+ =
+
= +
2
1
( )
, 1 , 1
1
2
A A m A VZ
i i S i S
= =
+ +
( )
, 1 , 1
2
A A m A VZ
b) Cng thc gn ng
m t dng v p
Tri: Tn hiu ch o, in p
pha - im gia v dng gy
mo; q = 7 M = 0 8 mo; q = 7, M = 0,8.
Phi: Chu k ca sng mang khi Phi: Chu k ca sng mang khi
tnh dng gy mo g g y
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip) 2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip)
U
Gi tr in p trung bnh ngn hn: Theo cng thc mc 2.3.1a) ta c:
0
,
2
d
A
A Soll
U
u x
,
2
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p: V trong chu k sng mang, gi tr Gi tr hiu dng ca in p: V trong chu k sng mang, gi tr
hon ton khng ph thuc vo mi tham s vn hnh (k c f
T
)
1
T
U
hon ton khng ph thuc vo mi tham s vn hnh (k c f

T
)
v c coi l hng v v in p pha - im gia lun c gi tr
( )
2
0 0
1
d
A eff A
U
U u t dt = =
v c coi l hng, v v in p pha - im gia lun c gi tr

l U /2 c th d dng tnh chnh xc cho na cu:
( )
0, 0
0
2
A eff A
T

l U
d
/2, c th d dng tnh chnh xc cho na cu:
0
1 1 U U
Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn: Sng c bn t l thun
,
0 1
1 1
d d
A Soll
A eff
U U
U x M
=
= =
Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn: Sng c bn t l thun

t ti i t hi h t l i h i h M
,
0, 1,
2 2
2 2
A Soll
A eff =
trc tip vi tn hiu ch o x
A,Soll
, tc l vi hm iu ch M.
h h h H s mo in p: Khng ph thuc
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 1 2 U M
q, nhng ph thuc M v c gi tr
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
0, 0, 1,
2 1 2
1
d
A eff A eff
U M
U U
M
k
=

0,707 k
u
1. t gi tr ti a khi
( )
0
1
2 2
ff ff
u
A ff d
k
U U
= = =
M = 0
0,
2 2
A eff d
U U
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo: Cc gi thit gn ng: Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo: Cc gi thit gn ng:
1 Sc t ng cm ng e(t) l hng trong phm vi chu k sng mang T v c gi tr bng tn hiu 1. Sc t ng cm ng e(t) l hng trong phm vi chu k sng mang T
T
v c gi tr bng tn hiu
h V i 0 ch o. Vy i
A,=1
= 0 v u
A,=1
= e.
2 D i i t 0 t i thi i i h k T 2. Dng gy mo i
A,VZ
c gi tr 0 ti thi im u v cui ca chu k sng mang T
T
.
3 Gi i i hi l i hi i (h h ) 3. Gi tr ti a v ti thiu ca i
A,VZ
l i xng qua trc thi gian (hnh trang trc).
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip) 2.3.2 S na cu (tip) b) Cng thc gn ng m t dng v p (tip)
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo (tip):
( ) ( ) 1 1
1
T T
k T k T + +
i ki 2 3 h th
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
0 0
2
1
T T
T A VZ eff T A VZ A A Soll
T I kT i dt u u dt = =

iu kin 2 v 3 ch tha mn gn ng v
h th d Ph
( ) ( )
, , , 0 0,
2
T T
T A VZ eff T A VZ A A Soll
k
kT kT
T I kT i dt u u dt
L

ph thuc vo dng sng mang. Phn ng
h k h k h
2
2 2
T T
kT kT

gp ca chu k sng mang th k trong phm
2 2
2
1 sin
T d T
T U T
M k

=

vi 1 chu k sng c bn l:
1 sin
2 48
k
M k
L q

=

k
q

Dng gy mo tng s l tng ca cc phn ng gp trong phm vi 1 chu k sng c bn v c gi Dng gy mo tng s l tng ca cc phn ng gp trong phm vi 1 chu k sng c bn v c gi
tr ti a khi M = 0: q tr ti a khi M 0:
( )
2 2 4 2
3
1
q
T d
T A VZ ff T A VZ ff T A VZ ff
T U
T I T I kT I M M = +
( )
, , , , , ,
1
1
8
2 48
T A VZ eff T A VZ eff T A VZ eff
k k
T I T I kT I M M
L
=
= +
1 k k
Dng gy mo ti a: t
max khi sng c bn ca p
i qua im 0. q
d T
U T
i
,
2 4
d T
A VZ
k
i
L
2 4
k
L
C i t h khi Cc gi tr so snh khi
sng mang c dng tam sng mang c dng tam
gic cn: q = T
1
/T
T
5 g q
1 T
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha
Hai van S
A
, S
B
c th c
K h t l i K hon ton c lp vi
nhau hoc tt hn c l: nhau, hoc tt hn c l:
c K trong mt quan c K trong mt quan
h ph thuc do ta quyt y
nh.
) T h h a) Tn hiu ch o
i vi sng c bn, c ngha quyt nh l gi tr trung bnh ngn hn , l gi tr phi bm
AB
u
v s g c b , c g a quyt g t t u g b g , g t p b
theo tn hiu ch o u
AB S ll
, c th c to ra t cc t hp bt k ca u
A0 S ll
v u
B0 S ll
.
AB
u
theo tn hiu ch o u
AB,Soll
, c th c to ra t cc t hp bt k ca u
A0,Soll
v u
B0,Soll
.
;
0 0
0 0
;
AB A B
AB A B
u u u u u u = =
hn ch mo dng trong phm vi chu k sng mang, ta s dng sng mang i xng:
, ,
;
AB Soll AB Soll
u u
u x u x
, ,
0, , 0, ,
;
2 2
A Soll A Soll B Soll B Soll
u x u x = =
2 2
b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti: in p pha trn ti cn t b mo dng i b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti: in p pha trn ti cn t b mo dng. i
i b h l Gi t hi d hi l b ht ( h t hi ht) V vi sng c bn, yu cu c ngha l: Gi tr hiu dng phi l b nht (cha t hi nht). V vy
hi bi h i t hi d l ti thi cn phi c bin php gi tr hiu dng ca u
AB
l ti thiu.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti (tip) 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) b) Sng mang c tn s n trong in p pha trn ti (tip)
Tri: Sng mang
c dng ging c dng ging
ht nhau bo
Phi: Sng mang
ht nhau. bo
m gi tr trung
c dng o nhau.
Gi t hi d
g g
bnh ngn hn, t
E
Gi tr hiu dng
khng ph thuc
khng c php
nh hn na Gi
khng ph thuc
vo tn hiu ch
nh hn na. Gi
tr hiu dng ph
vo tn hiu ch
o v c gi tr ti
tr hiu dng ph
thuc vo tn hiu
a. Dng gy mo
t k
q = 15; 0dB: U
d

ch o.
tng ng k.
ll ll
x x
0, 0, 2 2 2
,
2
A Soll B Soll
T AB eff d E d T
x x
T U U t U T = =
2 2
, T AB eff d T
T U U T Const = =
,
2
2
ff , T AB eff d T
U U =
2
d T
U T
, AB eff d
U U =
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
) S k h i 2 3 3 b) h bi 1 c) Sng mang c tn s kp trong in p pha trn ti: in p u
AB
2.3.3.b) ch cu to bi 1 xung
trong phm vi 1 chu k sng mang. C th to u
AB
vi 2 xung theo 2 cch nh hnh di y.
Tri: Hai sng mang o Tri: Hai sng mang o
nhau v b dch pha i chu
k.
Phi S d Phi: Sng mang c dng
tam gic cn tam gic cn.
Nhn xt:
Di tn mang th nht ca
2 h
2
l 0 Ch t t i di c 2 ph
2
l 0. Ch tn ti di
tn mang th 2 Hn ch tn mang th 2. Hn ch
mo dng dng. mo dng dng.
Ph
2
bn tri c dng gy
15 0dB U
mo b hn khng ng k.
Ph
2
t i h
q = 15; 0dB: U
d
Ph
2
tam gic cn hay c
s dng hn trong thc s dng hn trong thc
tin. tin.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s
C h h h d b k T hi h C th tnh cho dng sng mang bt k. Tuy nhin, ta ch
tnh cho trng hp ph cp trong thc tin: Sng mang
c dng tam gic cn.
iu ch, ta phn tn hiu u
AB,Soll
thnh hai tn hiu ch
AB,Soll
o c bin nh nhau, nghch o nhau cho hai nhnh , g
cu:
( )
1
cos
AB Soll d x
u U M t = + ( )
, 1
cos
AB Soll d x
u U M t
U
+
( )
,
0 1 0
cos
AB Soll
d
A Soll x B Soll
u
U
u M t u = = + = ( )
0, 1 0,
cos
2 2
A Soll x B Soll
u M t u +
( )
0,
cos
A Soll
u
x M t x + ( )
,
, 1 ,
cos
2
A Soll x B Soll
d
x M t x
U
= = + =
( ) S S S S M
d
( ) = + =
, , , 1
; cos +
A A m A VZ A m x
S S S S M t
Hm ng ngt
( ) ( )
{
( ) ( )
}

= +

cos + + + cos + S c n t t n n t t n
g g
c tnh theo
( ) ( )
{
( ) ( )
}

= =

= +

, 1 1
1 0
cos + + + cos - + -
A VZ n T x T x
n
S c n t t n n t t n
c tnh theo
cng thc ( )
= + = + =
1
; cos +
B B B VZ B A
S S S S M t S
cng thc
mc 2 3 1d)
( )
{

+ +

, , , 1 ,
; cos
B B m B VZ B m x A m
S S S S M t S
}
mc 2.3.1d)
(trang 65):
( ) ( ) ( )
{
( ) ( ) ( )

= + + +

, 1 1
cos + + + cos - + -
B VZ n T x T x
S c n t t n n t t n
}
(trang 65):
( ) ( ) ( )
{
( ) ( ) ( )
0
}
=

1 n
k
( )
= =

2 1 khi 0
sin + ;
k
c n J n M k ( )

=

sin + ;
2 khi 1, 2, 3, 2 2
n
c n J n M k
n
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip) 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) d) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip)
T 2 hm ng ngt ta c th tnh c in p pha trn ti:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ ; cos +
d d d
U U U
u S S S S S S u U M t
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
, , , , , 1
+ ; cos +
2 2 2
d d d
AB A B A m B m A VZ B VZ AB m d x
u S S S S S S u U M t = = =

, , AB m AB VZ
u u

( ) ( ) ( )
{
( ) ( ) ( )
}
+ + + + U t t t t

+ + +

( ) ( ) ( )
{
( ) ( ) ( )
} , 1 1
2 4 1 3
cos + + + cos - + -
AB VZ d n T x T x
n
u U c n t t n n t t n

= =

= + + +

2, 4, 1, 3, n = =
Cc phng trnh trn minh ha 2 c im: Cc phng trnh trn minh ha 2 c im:
1) Bi b l i bi t hi h i h i i 1) Bin ca sng c bn u
AB,m
ln gp i bin tn hiu ch o ca in p pha - im gia.
2) Kh t t i di t b l t i 0 bit di t th 1 kh t hi 2) Khng tn ti cc di tn bc l, v ti c
n
= 0. c bit, di tn mang th 1 khng xut hin.
Dng mch MCTG g
( )
A
i
i S S =
0 : A dB i
( )
2
d A B
i S S =
Hnh bn minh ha trng hp
dng chm pha /4 so vi tn hiu
p ch o. Nu b qua tch ca
dng i
A VZ
vi S
A
v S
B
ta c:
0,8; 15; 0,2 A
B
M q i I = = =
( )
i i S S
g
A,VZ A B
( )
, 1 , , =

d A A m B m
i i S S
( )
, 1 , ,
+
=

A AVZ B VZ
i S S
1 November 76
( )
, 1 , , A AVZ B VZ
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di) 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di)
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca
in p: ng vi mc ch iu
ch, gi tr t l thun vi gi
tr t u
AB Soll

AB,Soll
( )
d
U
( )
, , ,
2
d
AB
AB Soll A Soll B Soll
U
u u x x =
2
mU =
q = 7; M = 0,8
d
mU =
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p pha
q 7; M 0,8
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p pha
trn ti: C ngha quyt nh khi trn ti: C ngha quyt nh khi
t h i t hi d l kh thi i t khi i t t ti l 0 T h i 1 h tnh gi tr hiu dng l khong thi gian t
E
, khi m in p t trn ti l 0. Trong phm vi 1 chu
k h h k sng mang ta c th tnh gn ng:
( )
,
cos
AB Soll
u
t T T M t = +
( )
cos
E T T x
d
t T T M t
U
= +
d
Phn ng gp ca chu k th k
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
cos T U kT U t kT U T M kT
ca sng mang s l:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
,
cos
T AB eff T d E T d T T
T U kT U t kT U T M kT = =

1 2
q
Tng ca cc phn ng gp trong
( )
2
1 2
q
AB ff d E T d
U U t kT U M =
phm vi chu k sng c bn s cung

( )
,
1
AB eff d E T d
k T
U U t kT U M
qT
=
p g g
cp gi tr hiu dng:
0 798 khi 1 U U M = =
p g g
, ,max
0,798 khi 1
AB eff d
U U M = =
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di) 2.3.3 S cu 1 pha (tip) e) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng dng v p (hnh di)
1 U
Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn ca in p:
, 1, ,
1
2 2
d
AB eff AB Soll
U
U u M
=
=
Gi tr t l thun vi gi tr t u
AB,Soll
2 2
ff
2 2
1
2
=
AB eff AB eff
U U
H i
, , 1,
2
1
4
=
=
AB eff AB eff
u
k M
U
H s mo in p:
,
4
AB eff
U
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo: c tnh t dng ca in p ri trn ti, cch tnh ging nh
s na cu. Nh hnh (bn phi) ca trang trc cho thy: in p (U
d
e) c tc dng tng, cn e
d
c tc dng gim dng. ng thi e = u
AB Soll
. Dng t gi tr ti a khi M = 0,617. g g g g
AB,Soll
g g ,
1 3 8 1 U T
Gi tr ti a ca dng gy mo: Khi in p l:
4 3 2
1 3 8 1
+
d T
A VZ eff
U T
I M M M
L

Gi tr ti a ca dng gy mo: Khi in p l:
ta c: ( )
1
cos = +
AB S ll d
u U M t
, ,
8 3 2
48
A VZ eff
k
L
, ta c: ( )
, 1
cos +
AB Soll d x
u U M t
*
1
U T M
( )
*
,
1
1
cos
4

= +
d T
AVZ
x
U T M
i t
L
( )
1
4

x
k
L
( )
2
1
cos

+
x
M t
( )
1
+
x
C th rt ra:
( )
1
1 khi 0 5
d T
U T
i M M M ( ) ,
1 khi 0, 5
4

d T
AVZ
k
i M M M
L 4
1
k
L
U T
,
1
khi 0, 5 >
d T
AVZ
U T
i M
,
,
16
AVZ
k
L
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha 2.3.4 S cu 3 pha
V nguyn tc c th s V nguyn tc, c th s
dng cho mi nhnh van g
mt sng mang ring. Tuy
nhin, bo m s ng
nht v ph tn s ta ch nht v ph tn s, ta ch
s dng 1 dng sng mang s dng 1 dng sng mang
chung cho c 3 nhnh. g
a) Dng sng mang: a) Dng sng mang:
Trong cc tnh ton tip theo ta ch xt sng mang c dng tam gic cn Trong cc tnh ton tip theo ta ch xt sng mang c dng tam gic cn.
H s ng ngt q (t l gia tn s sng mang v sng c bn sng ch) l ty Ni chung H s ng ngt q (t l gia tn s sng mang v sng c bn sng ch) l ty . Ni chung,
NLL thng s dng iu ch khng ng b NLL thng s dng iu ch khng ng b.
Dng sng mang ng b: q = 3k (k = 1,2,3, ...) = l bi s (nguyn ln) ca 3 g g g g q ( ) ( g y )
Khi cc tn hiu ch o i xng, dn n cc hm ng ngt cng i xng tuyt i. g, g g g g y
Bn cnh cc ph bin ging nhau, cc ph gc pha ca ba in p pha - im gia cng nh p g g , p g p p p g g
nhau. Ngha l: Cc hi c tn s 3k
1
l ng pha, chng to nn thnh phn ng nhp ch tn nhau. Ngha l: Cc hi c tn s 3k
1
l ng pha, chng to nn thnh phn ng nhp ch tn
ti trong in p pha - im gia v in p im sao (nh ngha in p: trang 35) nhng hon ti trong in p pha im gia v in p im sao (nh ngha in p: trang 35), nhng hon
ton khng tn ti trong in p pha trn ti c im ny th hin r trong ph tn s hnh ton khng tn ti trong in p pha trn ti. c im ny th hin r trong ph tn s hnh
thuc trang k tip thuc trang k tip.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
b) Tn hiu ch o b) Tn hiu ch o
Gi thit S b i Gi thit: Sng c bn ca in
h i i t t tt p pha - im gia trng rt tt
i hi h (kh vi tn hiu ch o (khng tn
ti hi bc 3, bc 5).
Tn hiu ch o l mt h 3 tn
hiu hnh sin ging nhau nhng
lch pha 120
0
. H s iu ch M = 0,8 q = 21; 0dB: U
d
/2 p
M khng c php ln hn 1. g p p
( )
U U
( )
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 , ,
sin
2 2
d d
U V W Soll U V W Soll U V W
U U
u x M t = = +
( )
, , , , , , , ,
2 2
0 2 3 4 3
, ,
0, 2 3, 4 3
U V W
=
Tng bin ti a ca tn hiu ch o (bng cch xp chng thm sng hi): Tng bin ti a ca tn hiu ch o (bng cch xp chng thm sng hi):
c im: th h h h (thnh phn c cng bin tn s pha) ca in p pha c im: thnh phn ng nhp (thnh phn c cng bin - tn s - pha) ca in p pha
i i kh t t i t i h t ti th t d t i t ti im gia khng tn ti trong in p pha trn ti, c th c tn dng tng gi tr ti a ca
bi hi h bin tn hiu ch o.
h b h h h h h h 3 l b Ta xp chng vi ba tn hiu ch o thm thnh phn u
G,Soll
c tn s gp 3 ln tn s c bn
(hnh trang tip theo). Thng ta chn tn hiu c hnh sin (hi bc 3).
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) b) Tn hiu ch o (tip) 2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) b) Tn hiu ch o (tip)
Tn hiu xp chng tng
bin ti a cho tn hiu
ch o:
( )
i 3
d
U
A M t
( )
, 1
sin 3
2
d
G Soll I
u A M t =
2
Bin ca tn hiu xp
A
I
= 1/6; M = 1,155 q = 21; 0dB: U
d
/2
Bin ca tn hiu xp
chng c th c chn theo chng c th c chn theo
ti h kh h cc tiu chun khc nhau:
1 T ti h i h M 2 Gi d h d (Khi t h bi h t 1. Tng ti a h s iu ch M; 2. Gim mo dng cho dng v p. (Khi ta chn bin nhm tng
i h M h h d i h l i d i ) ti a h s M ta s thu c ch s mo dng ging nh n lc gim mo dng trc tip)
Bin ca hi bc 3 nhm t h s iu ch ti a: Ti gc = /3, bin ca in p pha
im gia u
U0,Soll
khng th b nh hng bi hi bc 3 v ti hi c gi tr 0. V vy ta chn A
I

,
sao cho in p pha im gia u
U0,Soll
ti /3 l ti a (tip tuyn nm ngang): A
I
= 1/6 = 16,7%.
U0,Soll
H s iu ch M
max
= 2/sqrt(3) = 1,155.
max
q ( )
Bin ca hi bc 3 nhm t mo dng dng ti thiu: A
I
= 1/4 = 25%; M
max
1,122 g g
I
;
max
,
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
b) T h h ( ) b) Tn hiu ch o (tip)
Tn hiu xp chng dng tam gic cn: Tn hiu xp chng dng tam gic cn:
Bin ca tam gic A = = 25% Bin ca tam gic A
Dr
25%
H s iu ch: M = 2/sqrt(3) = 1 155 H s iu ch: M
max
= 2/sqrt(3) = 1,155
c) M t dng v p trn min tn s c) M t dng v p trn min tn s
in p pha trn ti c tnh t in p in p pha trn ti c tnh t in p
pha im gia v in p im sao: pha - im gia v in p im sao:
/ / 0/ 0/ 0 0 U V W U V W N
u u u =
( )
/ / 1 / /
cos
U V W Soll x U V W
x M t = + +
( )
1
u u u u + +
( )
( )
/ / , 1 / /
cos
U V W Soll x U V W
S M t

= + +
( )
0 0 0 0
3
N U V W
u u u u = + +
( )
/ / , 1 / /
cos
U V W m x U V W
S M t = + +
3
( ) ( ) ( )
{ / / 1 / /
cos
U V W VZ T U V W
S c n t t n

= + + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
{ / / , 1 / /
1 0
cos
U V W VZ n T x U V W
n
S c n t t n

= =
+ + + +

K 3 nhnh van NL, ta s

( ) ( ) ( )
}
cos - - n t t n

+ + +

dng 3 tn hiu ch o x
U,Soll
,
( ) ( ) ( )
} 1 / /
cos - -
T x U V W
n t t n + + +

U,Soll
x
VSoll
v x
WSoll
, lch nhau gc
( )
2 1 khi 0
sin ;
k
c n J n M k
= + =
V,Soll W,Soll
g
pha:
U/V/W
= 0, -2/3 v -4/3
( ) sin ;
2 2
n
c n J n M k
n

= + =

2 khi 1, 2, 3,

p
U/V/W
,

, , ,

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) c) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip) 2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) c) M t dng v p trn min tn s (tip)
Dng mch MCTG i
d
: Dng hnh
bn thu c khi dng pha lch so / / 0 : U V W dB i
vi p mt gc /4.
c tnh t tng ca 3 thnh phn g p
do 3 na cu gy nn, khi K v g y ,
ti i xng s c mt lot hi b t g s c t ot b
trit tiu Khi iu ch ng b,
M i I
trit tiu Khi iu ch ng b,

s ch cn tn ti cc hi c bc l
/ / 0,8; 21; 0,2 U V W
B
M q i I = = =
s ch cn tn ti cc hi c bc l
s nguyn ln ca 6 s nguyn ln ca 6.
( )
1
i i S i S i S + +
( )
2
d U U V V W W
i i S i S i S = + +
2
d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p
Cng thc c xy dng trn c s gi thit: Cng thc c xy dng trn c s gi thit:
th dng/p ca h thng 3 pha i xng lp li trong khong cch /3 vi lun phin du v th dng/p ca h thng 3 pha i xng lp li trong khong cch /3 vi lun phin du v
t h t trnh t.
T b h h i hi d 3 h (t h t kh /3) l i h h Tng ca bnh phng gi tr hiu dng trong c 3 pha (tnh trong khong /3) l ging nhau cho
kh /3 b k h h i l (l d h ) khong gc /3 bt k, v c tnh cho i lng X (l dng hoc p).
( )
2 2 2 2
3 X X X X = + +
( )
, , ,
3
eff U eff V eff W eff
X X X X = + +
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p (tip) 2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) d) Cng thc gn ng tnh dng v p (tip)
Gi s: in p pha U c dng cosin, thnh phn ng nhp l u
G
, ta s c 3 in p ch o sau:
U in p
=
0, 0, 0, , , ,
2
d
U V W Soll U V W Soll
U
u x
in p
ch o , , , , , ,
2
U
cha c
( )
= + +
1
cos
d
U V W G
U
M t u
thnh
h
( )
+ +
1 , ,
cos
2
U V W G
M t u
phn
ng
=
, ,
0, 2 3, 4 3
U V W
ng
nhp. , , U V W p
7 M 0 8 q = 7; M = 0,8
Cc cng thc t trang tip theo tnh trn c s g g p
in p ch o c dng trch mu (hnh bn)
i vi:
f = 2f tc l: T = T /2 f
Tast
= 2f
T
, tc l: T
Tast
= T
T
/2
Thi im trch mu l nh ca sng mang theo Thi im trch mu l nh ca sng mang theo
ph
2
Double Edge Sampling p g p g
V nguyn tc: Kt qu tnh khng chu nh
h h
2
h D h l h hng ca ph
2
trch mu. Duy nht s ln trch
mu s nh hng ti chnh xc mu s nh hng ti chnh xc.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn: Cc in p
d
U
pha trn ti u
U/V/W
ng vi in p pha 0/ 0/ 0
0/ 0/ 0, / / ,
2
d
U V W
U V W Soll U V W Soll
u u x =
im gia, tr i thnh phn ng nhp
2
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p: Gi tr hiu dng ca mi pha c tnh xp x theo cng thc:
2 M M
/ / max / /
2
; khi 0, 461
3
= = =
U V W eff d U V W eff d d
M M
u U M M u U U
/ / , max / / ,
; ,
3 3 3
U V W eff d U V W eff d d
Gi hi d i b Gi tr hiu dng ca sng in p c bn:
1
d
U
u M
1,
2 2
=
=
d
eff
u M
2
H s mo in p:
2 2
U U
2 2
1, 3
1
=
= =
eff eff
U U
k M
q = 5, 11, 21
1
8
= =
u
eff
k M
U
eff
u
G
= 0
u
G
= Hi bc 3 c bin 16,7%
u
G
0
u
G
Hi bc 3 c bin 16,7%
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
G h d d Gi tr hiu dng ca dng
gy mo:
tnh ta quan st dng p tnh ta quan st dng p
trong phm vi mt chu k g
trch mu T
Tast
(hnh bn,
h k t h th 3 chu k trch mu th 3 ca
hnh trang trc) hnh trang trc).
Cc chp nhn khi tnh:
Cc gi tr ch o u
U0,Soll
, u
V0,Soll
, u
W0,Soll
, c trch mu ti thi im u ca chu k trch mu.
U0,Soll V0,Soll W0,Soll
Cc sc t ng l hng trong phm vi chu k trch mu T
Tast
= T
T
/2. Chng trng v pha v bin g g g p
Tast T
g g p
vi cc gi tr ch o in p (khng c thnh phn ng nhp) e
U/V/W
= u
U/V/WSoll
. V vy g p ( g p g p)
U/V/W U/V/W,Soll
y
khng xut hin sng c bn trong dng mch MCTG. g u s g c b o g d g c C G.
Dng gy mo c gi tr 0 ti thi im u v cui ca chu k trch mu. Dng gy mo c gi tr 0 ti thi im u v cui ca chu k trch mu.
Khi chp nhn cc gi thit trn ta c th tnh dng trong phm vi 1 chu k trch mu ri t Khi chp nhn cc gi thit trn, ta c th tnh dng trong phm vi 1 chu k trch mu, ri t
tnh phn ng gp ca tt c 3 pha:
2
I
tnh phn ng gp ca tt c 3 pha:
2 2 2 2
T T T T
T T T T
, VZ eff
I
( )
2 2 2 2
/ / / / / / / /
1
3
T T T T
T
U V W U V W U V W U V W VZ ff U V W
T
i u e dt I i dt i dt i dt = = + +

( )
/ / / / / / / / , ,
0 0 0 0
3
2
U V W U V W U V W U V W VZ eff U V W
k
i u e dt I i dt i dt i dt
L
= = + +

0 0 0 0
k
Tuy nhin, mc d coi dng trong tng chu k trch mu l tuyn tnh (on thng) vic tnh ton l
rt kh khn v ta s ch tnh cc thnh phn quan trng trong cng thc trn.
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
G h d d ( ) Gi tr hiu dng ca dng gy mo (tip):
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2 d T T
U M T T
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
/ / , , 1 0 1 0 1
3 3 3
8 2 2
d T T
U V W VZ eff
U M T T
I t t t t t
L
= + + +

8 2 2
k
L

( ) ( )
3 2 2 3 3
2 M T

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2 2 3 3
1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 2
2
cos 2 3 cos 3 3 3
6 2 3 2 9 2
T
M T
t t t t t t t t t t t
T T

+ + + +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
6 2 3 2 9 2
T T
T T

tnh cng thc trn ta cn bit cc khong thi gian t

0
, t
1
v t
2
. C tnh chng trn c s hnh
trang 83. C 3 khong u ph thuc gc
1
t v h s iu ch M. Ring t
0
cn ph thuc vo
1 0
thnh phn ng nhp:
1 T
p g p
1. Khi khng c thnh phn ng nhp:
( )
0 1
1
1 cos
2 2
T
T
t M t

=

1. Khi khng c thnh phn ng nhp:
( )
0 1
2 2

2 Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp nhm t t t : 2. Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp nhm t t
0
= t
7
:
1 1 3 T T

( )
0 1 2 1
1 1 3
1 sin 3
2 2 2 2 2
T T
T T
t t t M t

= = +

( )
0 1 2 1
2 2 2 2 2

3. Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp hi bc 3: 3. Khi s dng thnh phn ng nhp hi bc 3:
U M U M M d l H i h
,
4 2
d
G Soll
U M
u =
,
6 2
d
G Soll
U M
u =
Mo dng l
b nht
H s iu ch
l ti a
,
4 2

,
6 2

b nht l ti a
( ) ( )
1 1
1 cos 3 cos
T
T
t M t t

= +
( ) ( )
1 1
1 cos 3 cos
T
T
t M t t

= +

( ) ( )
0 1 1
1 cos 3 cos
2 2 4
t M t t = +

( ) ( )
0 1 1
1 cos 3 cos
2 2 6
t M t t = +

1 November 87

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
G h d d ( )
( )
3
u u
T T
( )
( )
0, 0,
1 1
3
sin 3
U Soll V Soll
T T
u u
T T
t M t
= =
Gi tr ca t
1
v t
2
c tnh nh hai cng
( )
1 1
2 2 2
d
U
thc bn phi:
( )
( )
0 0 3 V Soll W Soll
T T
u u
T T
( )
( )
0, 0,
2 1
3
sin
2 2 2
V Soll W Soll
T T
T T
t M t
U
= =
2 2 2
d
U
Khi thay t
0
, t
1
v t
2
vo cng thc tnh gi tr hiu dng u trang 86, ng thi (tng t khi tnh Khi thay t
0
, t
1
v t
2
vo cng thc tnh gi tr hiu dng u trang 86, ng thi (tng t khi tnh
tr hiu dng ca in p) tnh tng v ly trung bnh ca tt c cc phn ng gp vo gi tr hiu tr hiu dng ca in p) tnh tng v ly trung bnh ca tt c cc phn ng gp vo gi tr hiu
dng ca dng trong khong gc /3 ta s thu c cng thc (lng t gc l t = 2T /T dng ca dng trong khong gc /3, ta s thu c cng thc (lng t gc l
1
t 2T
Tast
/T
1
= 2/(6N)):
1
N
= 2/(6N)):
( )
2 2
/ / 1
1
3 3
U V W VZ eff VZ eff
I I k t
N
=
( )
/ / , , , 1
1
U V W VZ eff VZ eff
k
N
=
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1
N N
k
k

( ) ( )
2 2 2
/ / , , , 1 , 1
1 1
3 3
U V W VZ eff VZ eff VZ eff
k
I I k t I t
N N
= =

1 1
3 3
k k
N N
= =
Khi chn t bc rt nh tc l tn s trch mu ln hn tn s c s rt nhiu ln ta c th thay Khi chn
1
t bc rt nh, tc l tn s trch mu ln hn tn s c s rt nhiu ln, ta c th thay
th t h t bi t h h
Khi:
xp x cng thc tnh tng bi tch phn sau:
3
Khi:
1 in p ng nhp u = 0: K = 0 375
( ) ( )
3
2 2
1
I I t d t
1. in p ng nhp u
G
= 0: K
G
= 0,375
2 in p ng nhp t = t : K = 0 33
( ) ( )
2 2
/ / , , , 1 1
3
U V W VZ eff VZ eff
I I t d t
2. in p ng nhp t
0
= t
7
: K
G
= 0,33
3 in p ng nhp vi 16 7%hi bc 3:
0
3
3. in p ng nhp vi 16,7% hi bc 3:
K
G
= 0 334
2
/ /
0 5 0 735
d T
U V W VZ ff G
U M T
I M K M +
K
G
0,334
4. in p ng nhp vi 16,7%hi bc 3:
/ / , ,
0, 5 0, 735
2
4 3
U V W VZ eff G
k
I M K M
L
+
4. in p ng nhp vi 16,7% hi bc 3:
K
G
= 0,334
1 November 88
k
G
,
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
Tn hiu ch
Tn hiu ch
o trch Tn hiu ch
o lin tc
o trch
mu o lin tc
v u
G
= 0
mu
v u
G
= 0
G G
Tn hiu ch
li t T hi h o lin tc
v u l hi
Tn hiu ch
o lin tc v u
G
l hi
bc 3 c bin
o lin tc
v u
G
l hi bc 3 c b
16,7%
u
G

bc 3 c bin
25%
Gi tr hiu dng ca Gi tr hiu dng ca
dng gy mo dng gy mo
2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
Gi tr ti a ca dng gy mo: Gi thit: Sc t ng phn khng l hng v bng 0 trong phm
vi chu k trch mu T
T
/2. Khi y in p pha ch ri trn L
k
.
1
d
U
i t

,
1
3
1
d
U VZ
k
d
i t
L
U T M

/ / ,
3
1
8 3
3 1
k
d T
U V W VZ
L
U T M
i
L
T

=
1 2
8 3
3 1 k
T
L
T
t t M
= =
1 2
2 2 2
t t M
Thnh phn in p ng nhp nhm gim ti thiu dng gy mo: T pt. u tin ca trang 86, ta
c th tm gi tr t
0
tm cc tiu ca dng gy mo. Hy ly o hm theo t
0
:
0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1
3 0 1 3 3
d T
U T M
I M

+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
/ / , , 1 0 1 1 1 1
0
3 0 1 cos 3 cos cos 3
2 4 4 2
d T
U V W VZ eff G
I t t M t t u t t
t

= = + =

0
2 4 4 2 t

e) Mmen hi (nh ngha e) Mmen hi (nh ngha
mc 2 1 2d trang 43)
{ }
3 1
mc 2.1.2d, trang 43)

( )
{ }
*
1 1
3 1
Re
3 1 2
el VZ Str Str Str
M dt
L
= =

u u u
{ }
( )
{ } , , 1 , 1
*
1
1
3 1 2
Re
el VZ Str Str Str
k
l VZ S S VZ
L
M

= =

u i
{ }
( )
, , 1 ,
1
Re
2
3 1
el VZ Str Str VZ
M
d
=
=

u i
( )
( )
1
, 1, , , 1,
3 1
1 2
Str Str Str
u u u dt
L

= =

( )
1
1
1 2
k
Str VZ Str Str
L
dt
L

i u u

( )
( )
, , 1
1 1
Str VZ Str Str
k
St St St
L
u u u dt
( )
, 1, , , 1, Str Str Str
u u u dt
= =
+

1 November 90

2012
2 C h
2
t i khi NL 2. Cc ph
2
2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) e) Mmen hi (tip) 2.3.4 S cu 3 pha (tip) e) Mmen hi (tip)
q = 21;
1
=
B
; M = 1
Mmen hi ph thuc
q 21;
1

B
; M 1
mnh vo thnh phn
i h in p ng nhp u
G
;
ch ph thuc khng ch ph thuc khng
ng k vo lch pha ng k vo lch pha
gia tn hiu mang v
sng c bn.
u
G
= 0 u
G
= 25% u
G
0 u
G
25%
( )
2

Bin (gi tr ti a)

( )
2
0 1 2
4 0
3 3 4
d T
l VZ
t t
U T
M M M

=

ca mmen hi:
,
1
8 2 2 3
el VZ
k T
M M M
L T

1 k T

Ch : Khi chn u
GG
nhm t dng gy
b ht t mo b nht ta ng
thi t c bin thi t c bin
mmen hi l b
21 M 1
mmen hi l b
nht.
q = 21; M = 1
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2 4 Phng php iu ch vector 2.4. Phng php iu ch vector
2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector 2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector
L phng php iu ch trc tuyn (On-line) quan trng nht, hay c ng p g p p y ( ) q g , y g
dng nht cho s cu 3 pha (hnh trn, bn tri). d g t c o s cu 3 p a ( t , b t )
C th ch ra rng: Ph
2
iu ch vector tng ng vi ph
2
K s dng sng C th ch ra rng: Ph iu ch vector tng ng vi ph K s dng sng
mang c tn hiu ch o dng trch mu mang c tn hiu ch o dng trch mu.
Hm ng ngt (hm logic) c to trc tip t vector in p Hm ng ngt (hm logic) c to trc tip t vector in p.
Bng 3 nhnh van ta ch c th to ra c 2
3
= 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt
0
Z ...
7
Z. Bng 3 nhnh van ta ch c th to ra c 2 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt Z ... Z.
8 t hp ng vi 8 vector chun
0
U
7
U m t hnh trn (bn phi) 8 t hp ng vi 8 vector chun U ... U m t hnh trn (bn phi).
Hai vector chun
0
U v
7
U c module (bin ) bng 0 Hai vector chun U v U c module (bin ) bng 0.
Tt c cc vector chun cn li u c module l 2U /3 Tt c cc vector chun cn li u c module l 2U
d
/3.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector (tip) 2.4.1 Nguyn l iu ch vector (tip)
Gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca vector in p c tnh bng cch ly trung bnh trong khong
Str u
t T +
chu k trch mu T
Tast
.
1 1
;
Tast
t T
k
dt t t T
+

u u U ;
k
Str
Str k k Tast
k k T t T t
dt t t T
T T
= = =

u u U
k k Tast Tast
t
T T
Vi
k
U l vector chun c s Vi U l vector chun c s
dng trong khong thi gian t
k
: dng trong khong thi gian t
k
:
1 2
St = + u u u Str
t t
= + u u u
1 1 2 2
1 2
;
t t
T T
= = u U u U ;
Tast Tast
T T
Mc tiu ca iu ch: To vector
sao cho vector trng vi Str u
tn hiu ch o u
Soll
tt nht. Lu
Soll
iu ch hnh bn phi. Tn s p
trch mu (cn c gi l tn s bm xung) cng ln, dng gy mo v mmen hi s cng b i. c u (c c g tn s bm xung) c g , d g g y o v e s c g b .
2 4 2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector
Ta c 3 bc t do:
C th to vector t cc t hp khc nhau ca 6 vector
1
U ...
6
U. Str u
Trnh t thc hin ca cc vector c chn c th l khc nhau.
Vector vi module = 0 c th c thc hin bi 1 trong 2 vector chun
0
U v
7
U.
1 November 93
g
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip)
a) iu ch vector quay trn t cc t hp trng thi ng ngt
Hnh tri minh ha kh nng to vector bt k t a kh nng to vecto bt k
u = |u|e
j
1
t
t 3 vector u , u
b
v u . u |u|e 1 t 3 vector u
a
, u
b
v u
c
.
Ba vector u u
b
v u c th c to t cc Ba vector u
a
, u
b
v u
c
c th c to t cc
vector chun thc hin trong mt phn ca vector chun, thc hin trong mt phn ca
chu k T ng vi t l gia module ca cc chu k T
Tast
, ng vi t l gia module ca cc
vector cn thc hin v module ca vector vector cn thc hin v module ca vector
chun chun.
T kh l i T t th hi 1 Trong khong cn li ca T
Tast
, ta thc hin 1
2 h
0
U
7
U trong 2 vector chun
0
U v
7
U.
Hnh phi cho ta bit: Module ca vector chnh l bin ca cc in p pha. Khi vector quay trn p c o ta b t: odule ca vecto chnh l bin ca cc p p a. vecto quay t
vi vn tc gc
1
= 2f
1
, nh ca vector s chuyn ng theo mt qu o trn. Qu o trn vi vn tc gc
1
2f
1
, nh ca vector s chuyn ng theo mt qu o trn. Qu o trn
c bn knh ln nht l: 2
d
U c bn knh ln nht l:
,max
2
2
3
d
Str
U
= u
Tc l: Ln hn U /2 khong ln
2
3
2 3 Tc l: Ln hn U
d
/2 khong ln.
H s iu ch M l t l gia bin
2 3
H s iu ch M l t l gia bin
in p pha trn ti v U /2:
/ / 4
Str Str
U V W u
u u
in p pha trn ti v U
d
/2:
/ / 4
2 2 3
U V W
x
u
M
U U
= = =
U
2 2 3
x
d d
U U
U
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Trnh t thc hin cc t hp 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Trnh t thc hin cc t hp
trng thi ng ngt trng thi ng ngt
T
Tast
/T
1
= 22
Hnh tri: 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt ng Hnh tri: 8 t hp trng thi ng ngt ng
vi 8 vector chun (
0
Z v
7
Z v tch)
Ranh gii gia cc gc phn su (Sector).
vi 8 vector chun (
0
Z v
7
Z v tch)
Mi ng ni biu din cc chuyn trng
Ranh gii gia cc gc phn su (Sector).
Nt chm chm: Chu k trch mu (bm xung)
Mi ng ni biu din cc chuyn trng
thi dn n: 1 nhnh van chuyn mch

thi dn n: 1 nhnh van chuyn mch.
Khi chuyn trng thi b qua trng thi ln
Cn u tin chn cc bc chuyn
Khi chuyn trng thi b qua trng thi ln
cn: 2 nhnh van chuyn mch.
trng thi ch buc 1 nhnh van
cn: 2 nhnh van chuyn mch.
Khi chuyn trng thi gia 2 trng thi i
chuyn mch Tn hao ng ngt
y g g g
din: 3 nhnh van chuyn mch.
y g g
l ti thiu. y
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module = 0 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module 0
Sau khi thc hin cc trng thi to in p, thi gian cn li c chia cho
0
Z hoc
7
Z:
0 7 1 2 Tast
t t T t t + =
Vic chia khng nh hng n gi tr trung bnh ngn hn ca vector cn thc hin, nhng nh
0 7 1 2 Tast
g g g g g , g
hng n gi tr trung bnh ngn hn , v v vy c nh hng n h s iu ch ti a M
max 0 N
u
g g g g , y g
max
v dng/p gy mo.
0 N
u
v dng/p gy mo.
Trong thc t thng c s dng 1 trong 3 ph
2
chia thi gian sau y: 1. Chia sao cho: 0
0
N
u = Trong thc t thng c s dng 1 trong 3 ph chia thi gian sau y: 1. Chia sao cho:
2 t t0 = t7; 3 Ch s dng 1 trng thi c module = 0 trong 1 chu k trch mu
0
0
N
u
2. t t0 t7; 3. Ch s dng 1 trng thi c module 0 trong 1 chu k trch mu
b1) Chia sao cho 0
0
N
u = )
1 2 1
t T t t =
0 1 2
2 3 3
Tast
t T t t =
( )
T
T

( )
1
1 cos
2
Tast
T
M t

=

( )
2

7 0 1 2 Tast
t T t t t =
T

1
1 cos
2 6
Tast
T
M t

= +

M = 0,8 T
Tast
/T
1
= 42; 0dB: U
d
/2
1
2 6

H s iu ch c gi tr ti a l M = 1. Ngha l: Khng th tn dng ton b chu k T
Tast
to
trng thi in p hu ch (c im ny bit t ph
2
K s dng sng mang).
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module = 0 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b) Thi gian duy tr cc vector c module 0
b2) Ch b2) Chia t
0
= t
7
:
Khi y ta c:
1 2
1
d
U t t

+
1 2
0
2 3 3
d
N
u
T

= +

2 3 3
Tast
T

sin
d
U
M t

=

1
sin
4 6
M t =

M = 0 8
T /T = 42; 0dB: U /2
M = 0,8
T
Tast
/T
1
= 42; 0dB: U
d
/2
in p c dng ging nh ph
2
K bng sng mang c s dng hi bc 3 dng tam gic cn vi in p c dng ging nh ph K bng sng mang c s dng hi bc 3 dng tam gic cn vi
bin U
d
/8 lm thnh phn ng nhp bin U
d
/8 lm thnh phn ng nhp.
Khi h s iu ch t ti a t v t tin ti 0 (tc l t +t = T ) Khi y:
2 3 1 155 M = =
Khi h s iu ch t ti a, t
0
v t
7
tin ti 0 (tc l t
1
+t
2
T
Tast
). Khi y:
2 3 1,155 M = =
b3) Ch s dng t hoc t : b3) Ch s dng t
0
hoc t
7
:
Theo phng n ny trong mi chu k ch xy ra 2 qu trnh chuyn mch van Theo phng n ny, trong mi chu k ch xy ra 2 qu trnh chuyn mch van.
Cu hi t ra: Trng thi no
0
Z hay
7
Z s c s dng? C nhiu cch t vn khc nhau Cu hi t ra: Trng thi no Z hay Z s c s dng? C nhiu cch t vn khc nhau,
sau y ta s ch xt 3 phng n sau y ta s ch xt 3 phng n.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip)
0 7 1 2
0 0;
T t
t t T t t
< = = 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip)

b3) Ch d h Ph 1
0 7 1 2
0 0;
6
Tast
t t T t t <
b3) Ch s dng t
0
hoc t
7
: Phng n 1:
0 t t T t t

<
7 0 1 2
0;
6 3
Tast
t t T t t < = =
6 3
M = 0,8; T
T t
/T
1
= 42 M 0,8; T
Tast
/T
1
42
0dB: U
d
/2
, 1
0, 05
U
B
i I
=
=
Mt nhnh van khng t a g

chuyn mch
Phng n 2: Khong thi gian trong
M = 0,8; T
Tast
/T
1
= 42
g g g g
1 nhnh van khng chuyn mch
M 0,8; T
Tast
/T
1
42
g y
c th c x dch trong mt gii c th c x dch trong mt gii
hn no nhm mc nh ngn nga hn no nhm mc nh ngn nga
chuyn mch khi dng c gi tr ln chuyn mch khi dng c gi tr ln.
Nh hn ch tn hao ng ngt Nh hn ch tn hao ng ngt.
, 1
0, 05
U
B
i I
=
=

2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b3) Ch s dng t
0
hoc t
7
: 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip) b3) Ch s dng t
0
hoc t
7
:
Phng n 3: Trong 4 khong thi gian Phng n 3: Trong 4 khong thi gian
ca chu k khng h xy ra ng ngt
M = 0,8
ca chu k khng h xy ra ng ngt
van Vic phn chia thi gian da trn van. Vic phn chia thi gian da trn
th h 1 Gii h cng thc ca phng n 1. Gii php
h D d ny cn c ch v: Dng mo dng
h rt nh.
b4) Dng gy mo ph thuc phn chia trng thi
module = 0:
i i b 0 a: in p im sao bng 0
b: t
0
= t
7
, ng vi phng n iu ch chun
c: hoc t
0
hoc t
7
; c
1
: Phng n 1; c
2
: Phng n 2;
c
3
: Phng n 3
T
Tast
/T
1
= 42
d: ging c (vi T
Tast
/T
1
= 63); d
1
: Phng n 1; g g (
Tast 1
)
1
g
d
2
: Phng n 2; d
3
: Phng n 3
2
g ;
3
g
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.3 Tnh tng t gia ph
2
iu ch vector v ph
2
K s dng sng mang 2.4.3 Tnh tng t gia ph iu ch vector v ph K s dng sng mang
Hnh trn: Tn hiu ch o lin tc v tn hiu
ch o b trch mu, sng mang.
H h i D b i h i i Hnh gia: Dng ca ba in p pha - im gia.
Hnh di: Dng ca 3 in p pha trn ti Hnh di: Dng ca 3 in p pha trn ti.
Tn hiu ch o lin tc c trch mu ti
nh ca sng mang (dng tam gic cn), to
thnh tn hiu ch o trch mu.
Giao im ca tn hiu ch o trch mu vi
sng mang to thnh cc hm ng ngt (hm s g g o cc hm ng ngt (
logic) S
U
, S
V
v S
W
. Sau khi nhn hm ng logic) S
U
, S
V
v S
W
. Sau khi nhn hm ng
ngt vi U
d
/2 ta s thu c cc in p pha ngt vi U
d
/2 ta s thu c cc in p pha
im gia u u v u c dng quen thuc im gia u
U0
, u
V0
v u
W0
c dng quen thuc.
( ) ( )
,
0
1 1
1 1 cos
t
x kT M kT

= =

Xut pht t cc suy din ( ) ( )
1 1
1 1 cos
2 2
Tast Tast
Tast
x kT M kT
T

= =

Xut pht t cc suy din
thun ty hnh hc ta d dng
1 3
Tast
t

thun ty hnh hc ta d dng
thu c t hnh trn cc cng
( ) ( )
1
, 1 , 1 1
1 3
sin
2 2 3
U Soll Tast V Soll Tast Tast
t
x kT x kT M kT
T

= =

thu c t hnh trn cc cng
th t h b (Bi
( ) ( )
, ,
2 2 3
Tast
T

thc tnh bn (Bin ca
t i l 1 C t hi
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 3
sin
t
x kT x kT M kT

= =

tam gic cn l 1. Cc tn hiu
h l i 1
( ) ( ) ( )
, 1 , 1 1
sin
2 2
V Soll Tast W Soll Tast Tast
Tast
x kT x kT M kT
T

= =

ch o lun c gi tr 1.
1 November 100
Tast
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2.4.4 in p pha trn ti, dng gy mo v mmen hi 2.4.4 in p pha trn ti, dng gy mo v mmen hi
) C h h a) Cc cng thc tnh gn ng:
Do c c im ging ph
2
K s dng sng mang, ta c th s dng tt c cc cng thc gn ng o c c g g p s d g s g a g, ta c t s d g tt c cc c g t c g g
cho mc 2.3.4d (trang 82) ca s cu 3 pha. Trong trng hp q > 10, c th coi cc cng cho mc 2.3.4d (trang 82) ca s cu 3 pha. Trong trng hp q 10, c th coi cc cng
thc l chnh xc Trong mc 2 3 4d duy nht cha c cng thc gn ng tnh dng gy mo thc l chnh xc. Trong mc 2.3.4d, duy nht cha c cng thc gn ng tnh dng gy mo
cho trng hp tn hiu ch o khng lin tc (b trch mu) cho trng hp tn hiu ch o khng lin tc (b trch mu).
Dng gy mo khi tn hiu ch o khng lin tc: Cng thc cho trng hp ch s dng t hoc t Dng gy mo khi tn hiu ch o khng lin tc: Cng thc cho trng hp ch s dng t
0
hoc t
7
2
d T
U M T
2
/ / , , 1 2
2 ; 2
2 4 3
+ =
d T
U V W VZ eff G G T Tast
U M T
I K M K M T T
L
, ,
2 4 3
ff
k
L
+Phng n 1: K 3 122; K 1 280 +Phng n 1: K
G1
= 3,122; K
G2
= 1,280
+Ph 2 K 3 216 K 1 385 +Phng n 2: K
G1
= 3,216; K
G2
= 1,385
+Ph 3 K 3 310 K 1 435

+Phng n 3: K
G1
= 3,310; K
G2
= 1,435
Dng gy mo ca phng n iu ch chun (cng thc trang 87, khi t
0
= t
7
): Cng thc ny nu
ra y ch nhm mc ch so snh vi trng hp b trch mu.
2
/ /
0 5 0 735 0 33 ; 2 + =
d T
ff
U M T
I M M T T
/ / , ,
0, 5 0, 735 0, 33 ; 2
2 4 3
+ =
U V W VZ eff T Tast
k
I M M T T
L
k
b) Mmen hi: Trong trng hp iu ch chun vi t = t cng thc tnh gn ng mmen hi l b) Mmen hi: Trong trng hp iu ch chun vi t
0
= t
7
, cng thc tnh gn ng mmen hi l
ging nh ph
2
K s dng sng mang ca s cu 3 pha Trong trng hp iu ch vi tn hiu ging nh ph
2
K s dng sng mang ca s cu 3 pha. Trong trng hp iu ch vi tn hiu
h t h t hi t h l i ch o trch mu ta s phi tnh li.
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2 5 Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn 2.5. Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn
2.5.1 Nguyn l 2.5.1 Nguyn l
Nguyn l iu ch
Off-Line s dng
mu xung tnh sn mu xung tnh sn
Chun thi gian:
i lng u vo:
C u t g a
C th thc hin trong hay ngoi i lng u vo:
H s iu ch M
C th thc hin trong hay ngoi
khu iu ch Ty ng dng c
Trn: Thc hin hai tn s khc nhau vi
t
H s iu ch M
Tn s cng tc
khu iu ch. Ty ng dng c
th chy c lp hay ph thuc;
cng mt mu xung
Di: iu ch in p ca ASM theo
Tn s cng tc
1
Gc pha ca in p ra
th chy c lp hay ph thuc;
V d: ng b vi tn s li
Di: iu ch in p ca ASM theo
phng php U/f. Tn s ng ngt v h
i h h th t
Gc pha
u
ca in p ra V d: ng b vi tn s li
bng PLL (Phase Locked Loop) s iu ch ph thuc tn s c s bng PLL (Phase-Locked-Loop)
2012
C
2
2 Cc ph
2
2 5 Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn 2.5. Phng php s dng mu xung tnh sn
2.5.1 Nguyn l 2.5.1 Nguyn l
Phng php hot ng theo nguyn l iu ch ng b: Ch khi ton b chu k ca mu xung
tri qua, s bt u mt chu k mi.
Tn s ng ngt f
si
(ng vi mt h s ng ngt q
i
c nh: xem hnh trang trc) tng t l g g f
si
( g g g q
i
g ) g
thun vi tn s cng tc (tn s ca sng c bn). V vy, ton di tn s cng tc s phi chia g ( g ) y, g p
thnh nhiu khong vi cc h s ng ngt khc nhau: q
1
, q
2
, q
3
v q
4
vv u o g v c c s g g c u: q
1
, q
2
, q
3
v q
4
vv
Khi tn s cng tc rt nh, ng vi f < f
i
: p dng nguyn l iu ch khng ng b. Khi tn s cng tc rt nh, ng vi f
s
f
s,min
: p dng nguyn l iu ch khng ng b.
phn gii ca h s iu ch M (mc iu ch) b gii hn bi s mu xung ct trong b nh phn gii ca h s iu ch M (mc iu ch) b gii hn bi s mu xung ct trong b nh.
Tn s cng tc gc pha ca mu xung v v tr ca gc ng ngt b lng t ha bi phn Tn s cng tc, gc pha ca mu xung v v tr ca gc ng ngt b lng t ha bi phn
gii ca chun thi gian gii ca chun thi gian.
Thng thng: Tng m iu khin c thc hin bng Thng thng: Tng m iu khin c thc hin bng
vi iu khin (Microcontroller) hoc vi mch chuyn dng vi iu khin (Microcontroller) hoc vi mch chuyn dng
(ASIC A li ti S ifi I t t d Ci it ) (ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuits).
2012
3 M hnh ha cc thit b bin i 3. M hnh ha cc thit b bin i
3 1 M hnh ton ca cc TBB 3.1. M hnh ton ca cc TBB
3.1.1 Nguyn tc m hnh ha 3.1.1 Nguyn tc m hnh ha
2012
3 2 M hnh truyn t v cc im cn bng 3.2. M hnh truyn t v cc im cn bng
2012
3 3 c im cho php s dng ph
2
TTHCX 3.3. c im cho php s dng ph TTHCX
tng tuyn tnh ha chnh xc g y
M hnh phi tuyn c dng:
( ) x u g

x
( )
( )
1 1 1
x u g

x
. . .
( ) ( )
d
= +
x
f x H x u
( ) ; ;

= = =

x u g x . . .
( ) ( )
dt
= +
f x H x u
vi:
( )
n m m
x u g

x
( )
y g x
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
n m m
g

H h h h
Nu tha mn cc iu kin v bc tng i v tnh khng suy bin ca ma trn L
( ) =
y g x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
, , ,
m
= H x h x h x h x
Nu tha mn cc iu kin v bc tng i v tnh khng suy bin ca ma trn L
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1 1

r r r
L L L L L ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1

m
r r r
h h f f f
L L g L L g L g x x x
( ) ( ) ( )
1
;

= =

. . . L x a x L x ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
;

. . .
r r r
L L L L L
L x a x L x
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 1

m m m
m
r r r
h m h m m f f f
L L g L L g L g x x x

2012
2
TTHCX 3.3. c im cho php s dng ph TTHCX
tng tuyn tnh ha chnh xc g y
V d DFIM: V d DFIM:
Nhn xt: Nhn xt:
M h h kh h t t h t kh i t thi i h i t d h t t h M hnh khng ch tuyn tnh trn khng gian trng thi mi, hai trc dq hon ton tch
k h d t K i i t h k h t ti di t d li knh, dn n cu trc K mi c c im tch knh trc tip, direct decoupling.
Q h / k h h l kh h h Quan h vo/ra ca tng knh ch cn l khu tch phn.
2012
3 4 c im cho php s dng nguyn l phng 3.4. c im cho php s dng nguyn l phng
Khi nim differentally flat system hay ngn gn flat system
( )
n m m
d
f
x

( )
, ; , ,
n m m
d
f R R R
d
=
x
x u x u y H l phng nu tha mn 3 iu kin:
( )
f
dt
y
l
d d u u
iu kin 1: Nu tm c u ra , , , ,
l
d d
F

=

u u
y x u , , , ,
l
dt dt

y

1 l l
d d d d
+
y y y y
iu kin 2: Nu tn ti 2 hm ;
d d d d
P Q

= =

y y y y
x y u y iu kin 2: Nu tn ti 2 hm , , , ; , , ,
l l
P Q
dt dt dt dt

x y u y

iu kin 3: u ra y l c lp vi phn (cc bin phng c lp vi nhau v c iu kin 3: u ra y l c lp vi phn (cc bin phng c lp vi nhau v c
lp i o hm ca chng) Ngha l khng tn ti hm c dng sa : lp vi o hm ca chng). Ngha l khng tn ti hm c dng sau:

0
k
d d
H

y y
, , , 0
k
d d
H
dt dt

=

y y
y
k
dt dt

u ra y c gi l u ra phng flat output
2012
tng flatness-based control design tng flatness based control design
Lu :
Cc cng trnh NC ti HBKHN ch ra: Cc loi my in XC3P (khng ng b
rotor lng sc, khng ng b ngun kp, ng b kch thch vnh cu) u tha mn cc g , g g g p, g )
iu kin ca h phng. p g
Cch t vn i vi my in XC3P: Khng i tm bin phng, m kim tra xem C c v v y C3 : g b p g, e
bin m ta quan tm c tha mn iu kin phng hay khng? bin m ta quan tm c tha mn iu kin phng hay khng ?
2012
t fl t b d t l d i tng flatness-based control design
2012
V d DFIM:
Nhn xt:
Thit lp qu o phng phi bo m Thit lp qu o phng phi bo m
bin ra phng kh vi n bc l (xem hm bin ra phng kh vi n bc l (xem hm
F) v qu o khng c php cha F) v qu o khng c php cha
cc im m u v x tr nn bt nh cc im m u v x tr nn bt nh.
2012
2
thit k Backstepping 3.5. c im cho php s dng ph thit k Backstepping
C th p dng vi cc h phi tuyn c cu trc dng tam gic di (lower triangular
form) sau y:
( )
( )
1
, =
x f x
( )
( )
1
,

( )
1 1 1 2
, , g
x
( )
1 1 1 2
g
( )
g u
( )
1 2
, , , , , g u
x
m m m
l loi h c th tch thnh cc h con vi bin iu khin o (virtual control
i bl ) i h l bi h i h h h hi k h variable) ca mi h con l bin trng thi ca h con trc , cho php thit k hm
h ( t bili i f ti ) t h bi h LF th h h n nh (stabilizing function) ca tng h con bi hm LF thch hp.
tm hm LF ca h, c th tin hnh tm cun chiu tng bc (backstepping),
b h LF h i bt u t hm LF ca h con cui cng.
11
T
V V = + z z
1 1
2
i+1 i i+ i
V V
+
= + z z
2
2012
2
V d my in PMSM: y
( )
d
( )
1
,
s
d
f
d
= i
( )
1 s
f
dt
[ ]
( )
T
s
d
f
i
i u
[ ]
( ) 2
, ,
s
s s
f
dt
= i u
B 1
( )
dt
Bc 1:
1
2
1
1
f
e V e = =
1
2
ref
e V e

( )
3 3 z z k
m dV

( )
2
1
1 1
3 3
p p f
W
sd sq sd sq p sq
z z k
m dV
e e k e e L L i i e i k e

= =

( )
1 1
2 2
sd sq sd sq p sq
dt J J J J

2
k
m J

* *
1
2
0;
f
W
d
k
m J
i i k e

= = + +
1
0;
3
sd sq
p p
i i k e
z J J

+ +

p p

2012
2
Bc 2:
* * *
;
i s s id sd sd iq sq sq
e i i e i i = = = e i i
1 1
i s s id sd sd iq sq sq
2 2
2 1
1 1
id iq
V V e e = + +
2 1
2 2
id iq
2 2 2
2 1
iq
id
de
de dV dV
k k k
2 2 2
2 1
1 2 3
iq
id
id iq id iq
e e k e k e k e
dt dt dt dt

= + + =
= 0 u
d
3
dt dt dt dt
L
0 u
sd
( )
3
1
p sq
s
z L
R
e k e e L L i i z i u

+ + +

( )
2
2
id id sd sq sq sd p sq sd
d d d
e k e e L L i i z i u
J L L L
+ + +

= 0 u
2
sd sd sd
J L L L

= 0 u
sq
3
2
p f
z k
k k + + +
( )
k
3
2 3
p f
iq iq p
e k e e k
J z J
+ + +
( )
1 M f W
m k m
2 3
p p
J z J

1
p
d
R L

Nh t M ti
1

p
s sd
sq p sd p sq
R L
i z i z u
L L L L
+ + +

Nhn xt: Mmen ti

d i b k i ?
q p p q
sq sq sq sq
L L L L

m
w
adaptive backstepping?
2012
2
Cu trc K ng c PMSM:
Lu :
Cc cng trnh NC ti HBKHN
kim chng phng php cho
tt c cc loi my in XC3P y
(khng ng b rotor lng sc, ( g g g ,
khng ng b ngun kp, ng g g b gu p, g
b kch thch vnh cu). b kch thch vnh cu).
Phi quan tm ti adaptive Phi quan tm ti adaptive
backstepping lm ch vn backstepping lm ch vn
ph ti i vi ng c IM ph ti i vi ng c IM,
PMSMv vn ngun gi i PMSM v vn ngun gi i
vi my pht DFIM vi my pht DFIM.
2012
3 6 c im cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity 3.6. c im cho php s dng nguyn l Passivity
2012
C 4 Cc v d thit k 4. Cc v d thit k
4 1 iu khin trt b bin i DC-DC 4.1. iu khin trt b bin i DC DC
2012
4 2 iu khin xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC-DC 4.2. iu khin xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC DC
2012
4 3 iu khin phi tuyn b bin i DC-DC 4.3. iu khin phi tuyn b bin i DC DC
4.3.1. K s dng tuyn tnh ha chnh xc (Exact Linearization) 4.3.1. K s dng tuyn tnh ha chnh xc (Exact Linearization)
2012
4.3.2. K ta theo th ng (Passivity-based Control Design) 4.3.2. K ta theo th ng (Passivity based Control Design)
2012
4.3.3. K da trn nguyn l phng (Flatness-based Control Design) 4.3.3. K da trn nguyn l phng (Flatness based Control Design)
2012
4 4 iu khin xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC-AC 4.4. iu khin xp x tuyn tnh b bin i DC AC
2012
4 5 iu khin trt b bin i DC-AC 4.5. iu khin trt b bin i DC AC
2012
4 6 K theo nguyn l phng b bin i DC-AC 4.6. K theo nguyn l phng b bin i DC AC
2012
4 7 iu khin b bin i AC-DC 4.7. iu khin b bin i AC DC
2012

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Control of PE

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iu khin in t cng sut iu khin in t cng sut g

(Control of Power Electronics) (Control of Power Electronics) ( )

) H (h d d ) g) Hiu ng mt ngoi (hiu ng dn dng)

1 November 20 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

C th nng im gia. Vic C

Bc 3: Dng ti c tnh theo cng thc

Tnh dng bng chui Fourier,

thun tu sin v ch cha sng

Ngay c khi ti phc hp

Bc 4: Dng ca mch MCTG s c tnh t

Tn hiu tng: M t bi gi tr hiu dng hay gi tr bin

b) Pha DC (mch MCTG): Khi

mch MCTG khng c lc l

Thnh phn mt chiu: Quyt nh cng sut

1 November 42 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

i xng chu k (tip): H s Fourier

M hi h h hi b l l 6 Mmen hi ch cha cc hi c bc l s nguyn ln ca 6

H s mo dng b hn hn so vi s 1 pha, l do: khng cn hi bc 3 v cc hi c bc l s H s mo dng b hn hn so vi s 1 pha, l do: khng cn hi bc 3 v cc hi c bc l s

gy qu iu ch. trng thi qu iu ch

qu iu ch rt ln, bin ca sng c bn

1 November 61 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

S l i lng xoay chiu

Bin ca sng c bn v Bin ca sng c bn v

Tri: Dng v gi tr trung

hon ton khng ph thuc vo mi tham s vn hnh (k c f

v c coi l hng, v v in p pha - im gia lun c gi tr

Gi tr hiu dng ca sng c bn: Sng c bn t l thun

phm vi chu k sng c bn s cung

K 3 nhnh van NL, ta s

1 November 82 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

trit tiu Khi iu ch ng b,

tnh cng thc trn ta cn bit cc khong thi gian t

mc 2.1.2d, trang 43)

GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

< = = 2.4.2 Bc t do ca iu ch vector (tip)

Mt nhnh van khng t a g

1 November 98 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

1 November 113 GS TSKH Nguyn Phng Quang 1 November

Nhn xt: Mmen ti

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