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BILL OF QUANTITIES
BILL OF QUANTITIES
What Is BQ?
BQ Preparation
BQ in Engineering
Traditional Method (Building Works) Traditional General Contracting (TGC) Client engages architect or engineer to prepare design. Upon completion of design, the QS prepares a Bill of Quantities based on drawings and specification. Contractors are invited to price the bill. Contractor submitting the lowest tender usually will be awarded the contract.
TRADITIONAL METHODS
Client engages Architect and Engineers to design QS prepares BQ & Compiles Tender Document
Design
Contractor constructs
Construction Sequential
Tender Exercise
What Is A Tender ?
A tender or a bid is an offer made by a contractor to do certain work for a price, stated in the form of tender and given in detail in a priced Bill of Quantities.
What Is BQ?
A person who calculates the quantity of materials needed for constructing buildings, etc. and how much they will cost.
Translate drawings, schedules and specification by Architect and Engineers into a document fully describing and accurately representing the quantity and quality of the works.
BQ Preparation
BQ Preparation - Development
Process is very lengthy and tedious
BQ Preparation - Development
Measurement of quantities
DRAWINGS
DIMENSION PAPER
BILLING PAPER
Direct Billing
BQ Format
Measured work needs to be arranged in a sequence that is recognised by the industry and can be easily understood and priced by the contractor
Elemental Bills
Trade Bills
Annotated Bills
Most Common
Elemental Bills
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Piling works Work below lowest floor Frame Upper Floors Roof Staircases External Walls Windows and External Doors Internal Walls and Partitions Internal Doors Internal Wall Finishes Internal Floor Finishes Internal Ceiling Finishes External Finishes Fittings and Furnishings Sanitary Appliances Plumbing Installation
Elemental Bills
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Refuse Disposal Air Conditioning and Ventilation System Electrical Installation Fire Protection Installation Lift and Conveyor Installation Communication Installation Specialised Installation Profit and Attendance on Services Builders Work in Connection with Services Site Work Drainage External Services Ancillary Buildings Recreational Facilities
Trade Bills
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Excavator Concretor Bricklayer Drainlayer Asphalter Pavior Mason Roofer Carpenter Joiner Steel and Ironworker Plasterer Plumber Heating and Ventilating Engineer Electrician Glazier Painter
BQ Descriptions
A good and concise description is essential for proper pricing. The essential ingredients of a good description are as follows: Must include all information which estimator will require to build up a realistic price; First few words should indicate clearly nature of works. Order of stating dimensions shall be consistent and generally in sequence of length, width and height. Where sequence is not appropriate or where ambiguity could arise, dimensions shall be specifically identified. If an item of work cannot be accurately or fully described, proper reference shall be made to drawn information or product details for construction, manufacture or assembly of work. Description must be concise and not too lengthy, can be shortened by references to specification.
BQ Content
Bill of quantities must contain the basic information presented in format that is easily understood Preliminaries Explains type and scope of works, clients needs, temporary site facilities and other items affecting the implementation of the works. IItems involved need not be measured but need to be described in details and the contractor will have to price the items that will affect the cost of the works in a lump sum figure. Items in this section will not be incorporated into the works but are essential for the completion of the works. Specifications Describe the quality of materials and workmanship of the works, usually not practical to be presented in the drawings; including other information necessary for the contractor to price the BQ.
BQ Content
Measured Quantities Measured quantities are produced from the measurement of all the works measurable based on the approved Standard Method of Measurement document. These quantities shall be measured as accurately as possible so that no parties will make a loss during the implementation of works. Provisional Quantities Provisional quantities are produced similarly as above but it is for works which cannot be accurately measured at the time of preparation of bill of quantities. This situation happens due to incomplete information of work or in cases whereby the extent of work cannot be fully determined until the work is completed. Such work will be subjected to remeasurement after the works has been carried out.
BQ Content
Prime Cost Sum Prime cost sum is included for work or services to be executed by a nominated sub-contractor, a government or a statutory authority or for material or goods to be supplied by a nominated supplier. Such sum excludes the profit and attendance of the main contractor, of which provision are made in the document for such inclusion by the contractor. Provisional Sum Provisional sum is included for work or for costs that cannot be entirely defined or detailed at the time the bill of quantities are prepared. Contingency Sum Contingency sum is a sum allocated for any unforeseen work that cannot be determined at the time of bill of quantities preparation. It will be a saving to the client if such contingency sum is not expended due to no unforeseen work.
BQ In Engineering
SMM 2 = SMM for Building Works CESMM = SMM for Civil Engineering Works
SMM 2 CESMM
Uniform basis, standardise references, embodies good practices
Efficient
Loss of productivity
Competitive
Delays
Productive
BQ In Engineering
Rare for a civil engineering project to be fully designed and detailed during the pretender stage due to its nature. The most common type of contract used is a remeasurement type. BQ has a different role in civil engineering: (a) Basis for comparison of tenders; (b) Provide schedule of rates for remeasurement; (c) Tool for continued cost monitoring and financial control.
BQ In Engineering
Main Differences Between CESMM And SMM2
Codifications Method Related Charges Work Classifications