Energy Efficiency In Cellular Networks

Multipath Fading In Cooperative Networks:

Multipath fading is a significant impairment in a wide range of wireless mobile communication systems including radio, television, cellular telephones, and wireless internet.

Multipath fading results from the simultaneous arrival of radio frequency plane waves reflected from local scatterers. In a system with L paths between the transmitter and the recevier, the signal at the receiver can be modeled as
r(t)=
=1

(t)s(t )

Multipath fading:

Flat fading example using a Jakes isotropic scattering fading channel simulator with mobile velocity 30 meters/second and carrier frequency 900MHz.

Canonical co-operative models(cooperative links are shown as dashed lines)

Diversity Techniques

Temporal diversity Frequency diversity Spatial diversity

Transmission co-operative protocols

Orthogonal Amplify and Forward (OAF) Non-Orthogonal Amplify and Forward (NAF) Decode and Forward (DF) Opportunistic Decode and Forward (ODF) Compress and Forward (CF) Estimate and Forward (EF)

Optimum energy allocation and energy efficiency of amplify and forward protocol in four d/f scenarios

Both the sources and destination have access to the full channel state information
The sources have access to only the channel statistics and the destination have access to the full channel state information The sources have access to the full channel state information and the destination has no channel state information The sources have access to only the channel statistics and the destination has no channel state information.