CLASSIFICATION IN THE

(Eschmeyer, 2007)
Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes Myxinidae (hagfishes) Myxininae Eptatretinae Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Petromyzontinae Geotriinae Mordaciinae Class Elasmobranchii Order Hexanchiformes Hexanchidae (cow sharks) Chlamydoselachidae (frill sharks) Order Heterodontiformes Heterodontidae (bullhead and horn sharks) Order Orectolobiformes Rhincodontidae (whale sharks) [=Rhiniodontidae] Parascylliidae (collared carpet sharks) Brachaeluridae (blind sharks) Orectolobidae (wobbegons) Hemiscylliidae (bamboo sharks) Stegostomatidae (zebra sharks) Ginglymostomatidae (nurse sharks) Order Lamniformes Odontaspididae (sand tiger sharks) [=Carchariidae] Mitsukurinidae (goblin sharks) Pseudocarchariidae (crocodile sharks) Lamnidae (mackerel sharks) Megachamidae (megamouth sharks) Cetorhinidae (basking sharks) Alopiidae (thresher sharks) Order Carchariniformes Scyliorhinidae (cat sharks) Proscylliidae (finback catsharks) Pseudotriakidae (false catsharks) Leptochariidae (barbeled houndsharks) Triakidae (houndsharks) Hemigaleidae (weasel sharks)

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Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)

Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks) Order Squaliformes Dalatiidae Etmopterinae Somniosinae (sleeper sharks) Oxynotinae Dalatiinae Centrophoridae Squalidae (dogfish sharks) Echinorhinidae (bramble sharks) Order Pristiophoriformes Pristiophoridae (saw sharks) Order Squatiniformes Squatinidae (angel sharks) Order Pristiformes Pristidae (sawfishes)

Order Torpediniformes Torpedinidae (electric rays) Torpedininae Hypninae Narcinidae Narcininae Narkinae Order Rajiformes (skates and rays) Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes) Rhinobatinae

Rhynchobatinae Rhininae Platyrhininae (thornbacks) Rajidae (skates) Anacanthobatidae (smooth skates) Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingrays) Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingrays) Dasyatidae (stingrays) Gymnuridae (butterfly rays)

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Myliobatidae Myliobatinae (eagle rays) Rhinopterinae (cownose rays) Mobulinae (manta and devil rays) Urolophidae (round stingrays) Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays) Class Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes Callorhinchidae (plownose chimaeras) Chimaeridae (shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes) Rhinochimaeridae (longnose chimaeras) Class Actinopterygii [=Osteichthyes] Order Polypteriformes Polypteridae (bichirs) Order Acipenseriformes Acipenseridae (sturgeons) Polyodontidae (paddlefishes) Order Lepisosteiformes Lepisosteidae (gars) Order Amiiformes Amiidae (bowfins) Order Osteoglossiformes Osteoglossidae (bonytongues and arapaimas) Pantodontidae Hiodontidae (mooneyes) Notopteridae (knifefishes or featherbacks) Mormyridae (elephantfishes) Gymnarchidae Order Elopiformes Elopidae (tenpounders and ladyfishes) Megalopidae (tarpons) Order Albuliformes Albulidae (bonefishes) Albulinae Pterothrissinae Order Notacanthiformes Halosauridae (halosaurs) Notacanthidae (spiny eels) [Lipogenyidae incl.] Order Anguilliformes Anguillidae (freshwater eels) Heterenchelyidae Moringuidae (spaghetti eels) Chlopsidae (false morays) [=Xenocongridae]

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Myrocongridae Muraenidae (morays) Uropterygiinae Muraeninae Synaphobranchidae Ilyophinae (arrowtooth eels)[=Dysommatinae] Synaphobranchinae (cutthroat eels) Simenchelyinae (pugnose Eels) Ophichthidae (snake eels and worm eels) Myrophinae Ophichthinae Colocongridae Congridae (conger eels) Congrinae Bathymyrinae Heterocongrinae (garden eels) Muraenesocidae (pike conger eels) Derichthyidae (longneck eels) Nemichthyidae (snipe eels) Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels) Nettastomatidae (duckbill eels) Order Saccopharyngiformes Cyematidae (bobtail eels) Saccopharyngidae (swallowers or whiptail gulpers) Eurypharyngidae (umbrellamouth gulpers) Monognathidae (monognathids) Order Clupeiformes Denticipitidae (denticle herrings) Clupeidae (herrings, shads, sardines) [Pristigasteridae incl.]

Engraulidae (anchovies) Chirocentridae (wolf herrings) Sundasalangidae (Sundaland noodlefishes) Order Gonorynchiformes Chanidae (milkfishes) Gonorynchidae Kneriidae Phractolaemidae Order Cypriniformes Cyprinidae (minnows and carps)

Psilorhynchidae Cobitidae (loaches)

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Botiinae Cobitinae Balitoridae (hillstream and river loaches) [=Homalopteridae] Nemacheilinae Balitorinae Gyrinocheilidae (algae eaters) Catostomidae (suckers) Order Characiformes Citharinidae Distichodontinae Citharininae Alestiidae (African tetras) Hepsetidae Hemiodontidae Parodontinae Hemiodontinae Curimatidae Curimatinae (curimatas) Prochilodontinae Anostominae Chilodontinae Erythrinidae (trahiras)

Lebiasinidae Lebiasininae Pyrrhulininae Gasteropelecidae (freshwater hatchetfishes) Ctenoluciidae (pike-characids) Acestrorhynchidae Cynodontidae Cynodontinae Roestinae Characidae (characins) - (some subfamilies below)

Glandulocaudinae Serrasalminae (piranhas and allies) Characidiinae Stethaprioninae Order Siluriformes Diplomystidae (diplomystid catfishes) Ictaluridae (North American freshwater catfishes) Bagridae (bagrid catfishes) Cranoglanididae (armorhead catfishes) Siluridae (sheatfishes) Schilbeidae (schilbeid catfishes) Pangasiidae (pangasid catfishes) Amblycipitidae (torrent catfishes) Amphiliidae (loach catfishes)

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Akysidae (stream catfishes) Parakysidae (parakysid catfishes) Sisoridae (sisorid catfishes) Erethistidae Clariidae (airbreathing or labyrinth catfishes) Heteropneustidae (airsac catfishes) Chacidae (squarehead or angler catfishes) Olyridae (olyrid catfishes) Malapteruridae (electric catfishes) Ariidae (sea catfishes) Plotosidae (eeltail catfishes) Mochokidae (squeakers and unside-down catfishes) Doradidae (thorny catfishes) Auchenipteridae (auchenipterid catfishes) Pimelodidae (long-whiskered catfishes)

Ageneiosidae (bottlenose or barbelless Catfishes) Helogeneidae (helogeneid catfishes) Cetopsidae (whalelike catfishes) Hypophthalmidae (loweye catfishes) Aspredinidae (banjo catfishes) Bunocephalinae Aspredininae Hoplomyzontinae Trichomycteridae (parasitic catfishes and candirus) Callichthyidae (callichthyid armored catfishes) Loricariidae (suckermouth armored catfishes)

Scoloplacidae (spiny dwarf catfishes) Astroblepidae (climbing catfishes) Order Gymnotiformes (knifefishes) Sternopygidae (glass knifefishes) Apteronotidae (ghost knifefishes) Rhamphichthyidae (sand knifefishes) Hypopomidae Gymnotidae (nakedback knifefishes) Electrophoridae (electric knifefishes)

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Order Esociformes Esocidae (pikes) Umbridae (mudminnows) Order Osmeriformes Argentinidae (argentines) Microstomatidae Bathylagidae (deepsea smelts) Opisthoproctidae (spookfishes or barreleyes) Alepocephalidae (slickheads) Platytroctidae (tubeshoulders) [=Searsiidae] Lepidogalaxiidae (salamanderfishes) Osmeridae (smelts) Plecoglossidae (ayu fishes) Salangidae (icefishes or noodlefishes) Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts) Retropinninae (southern smelts) Prototroctinae (southern graylings) Galaxiidae (galaxiids) Aplochitoninae Galaxiinae Order Salmoniformes Salmonidae

Coregoninae (whitefishes) Thymallinae (graylings) Salmoninae (salmons, trouts, chars and allies) Order Stomiiformes Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths) Sternoptychidae Maurolicinae Sternoptychinae (marine hatchetfishes) Phosichthyidae (lightfishes) [=Photichthyidae] Stomiidae Chauliodontinae (viperfishes) Stomiinae (saly dragonfishes) Astronesthinae (snaggletooths) Melanostomiinae (scaleless black dragonfishes) Malacosteinae (loosejaws) Idiacanthinae (black dragonfishes) Order Ateleopodiformes Ateleopodidae (jellynose fishes) Order Aulopiformes Aulopidae (aulopus) Chlorophthalmidae (greeneyes) Ipnopidae Scopelarchidae (pearleyes) Notosudidae (paperbones or waryfishes) Giganturidae (telescopefishes) Synodontidae Synodontinae (lizardfishes) Harpadontinae (Bombay ducks) Bathysaurinae Paralepididae (barracudinas) Anotopteridae (daggertooths)

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Evermannellidae (sabertooth fishes) Omosudidae (omosudids) Alepisauridae (lancetfishes) Pseudotrichonotidae Myctophiformes Neoscopelidae (blackchins) Myctophidae (lanternfishes) Lampriformes Lampridae (opahs) Veliferidae (velifers) Lophotidae (crestfishes) Radiicephalidae (tapertails) Trachipteridae (ribbonfishes) Regalecidae (oarfishes) Stylephoridae (tube-eyes or thread-tails) Polymixiiformes Polymixiidae (beardfishes) Percopsiformes Percopsidae (trout-perches) Aphredoderidae (pirate perches) Amblyopsidae (cavefishes) Gadiformes Muraenolepididae (eel cods) Bregmacerotidae (codlets) Euclichthyidae (eucla cods) Macrouridae (grenadiers or rattails) Bathygadinae Macrouroidinae (southern hakes) Trachyrincinae Macrourinae Moridae (deepsea cods) Melanonidae (pelagic cods) Gadidae (cods and haddocks)

Order

Order

Order Order

Order

Lotidae (hakes and burbots) Phycidae (phycid hakes) Merlucciidae (merluccid hakes) Merlucciinae Steindachneriinae Order Ophidiiformes Ophidiidae (cuskeels) Brotulinae Brotulotaeniinae Ophidiinae Neobythitinae Carapidae Carapinae (pearlfishes) Pyramodontinae (pyramodontines) Bythitidae (livebearing brotulas) Bythitinae

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Brosmophycinae Aphyonidae (aphyonids) Parabrotulidae (false brotulas) Order Batrachoidiformes Batrachoididae (toadfishes) Order Lophiiformes (anglerfishes) Lophiidae (goosefishes or monkfishes) Antennariidae (frogfishes) Tetrabrachiidae Lophichthyidae Brachionichthyidae (warty anglerfishes) Chaunacidae (sea toads) Ogcocephalidae (batfishes) Suborder Ceratioidei (deepsea anglerfishes) Caulophrynidae Neoceratiidae Melanocetidae Himantolophidae (footballfishes) Diceratiidae Oneirodidae Thaumatichthyidae Centrophrynidae Ceratiidae (seadevils) Gigantactinidae (whipnoses) Linophrynidae Order Gobiesociformes Gobiesocidae (clingfishes) Gobiesocinae Cheilobranchinae [=Alabetidae] Order Atheriniformes Bedotiidae Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfishes) Pseudomugilidae (blue eyes) Atherinidae (silversides) Atherinopsinae Medidiinae Atherioninae Atherininae Notocheiridae (Isonidae incl.) Telmatherinidae Dentatherinae Phallostethidae [Neostethidae incl.] Order Cyprinodontiformes Aplocheilidae (rivulines) Aplocheilinae (Old World rivulines) Rivulidae (New World rivulines) Profundulidae Fundulidae Valenciidae Goodeidae (goodeids) Empetrichthyinae

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Goodeinae Poeciliidae (poeciliids) Poeciliinae (livebearers) Fluviphylacinae Aplocheilichthyinae Cyprinodontidae (killifishes) Cubanichthyinae Cyprinodontinae Anablepidae Anablepinae (four-eyed fishes) Jenynsiinae (jenynsiids) Oxyzygonectinae Scomberesocidae (sauries) Belonidae (needlefishes) Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks) Exocoetidae (flyingfishes) Adrianichthyidae Oryziinae (medakas or ricefishes) Adrianichthyinae (adrianichthyids) Horaichthyinae Order Stephanoberyciformes Stephanoberycidae (pricklefishes) Hispidoberycidae Melamphaidae (bigscales) Gibberichthyidae (gibberfishes) Order Beryciformes Monocentridae (pinecone fishes) Trachichthyidae (slimeheads) Anomalopidae (lanterneye fishes) Diretmidae (spinyfins) Anoplogasteridae (fangtooths) Berycidae (berycids or alfonsinos) Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes) Order Cetomimiformes Mirapinnidae (hairyfishes and ribbontails) [Eutaeniophoridae incl.] Megalomycteridae (largenose fishes) Rondeletiidae (redmouth whalefishes) Barbourisiidae (velvet whalefishes) Cetomimidae (whalefishes) Order Zeiformes Parazenidae Macrurocyttidae Zeidae (dories) Oreosomatidae (oreos) Grammicolepididae (diamond dories) Caproidae (boarfishes)

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Order Incertae sedis Elassomatidae (pygmy sunfishes) Order Gasterosteiformes Hypoptychidae (sand-eels) Gasterodteidae (sticklebacks) Aulorhynchidae (tubesnouts) Indostomidae Pegasidae (seamoths) Order Syngnathiformes Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes) Fistulariidae (cornetfishes) Centriscidae Macrorhamphosinae (snipefishes) Centriscinae (shrimpfishes) Solenostomidae (ghost pipefishes) Syngnathidae Syngnathinae (pipefishes) Hippocampinae (seahorses)

Order Synbranchiformes Synbranchidae (swamp-eels)

Mastacembelidae (spiny-eels) Chaudhuriidae Order Scorpaeniformes Suborder Scorpaenoidei Sebastidae Sebastinae (rockfishes and rockcods) Sebastolobinae (thornyheads) Setarchidae Neosebastidae Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes and allies) Scorpaeninae (scorpionfishes) Pteroinae (turkeyfishes and lionfishes) Apistidae Tetrarogidae (waspfishes) Synanceiidae Minoinae Choridactylinae Synanceiinae (stonefishes and allies) Caracanthidae (coral crouchers) Aploactinidae (velvetfishes) Pataecidae (prowfishes) Gnathanacanthidae (red velvetfishes) Congiopodidae (horsefishes)

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Suborder Dactylopteroidei Dactylopteridae (helmet gurnards) [=Cephalacanthidae] Suborder Platycephaloidei Plectrogenidae Parabembridae Bembridae (deepwater flatheads) Triglidae (searobins) Peristediidae (armored gurnards) Hoplichthyidae (spiny flatheads) Platycephalidae (flatheads) Suborder Anoplopomatoidei Anoplopomatidae (sablefishes and skilfishes) Suborder Zaniolepidoidei Zaniolepididae Oxylebiinae (painted greenlings) Suborder Hexagrammoidei Hexagrammidae (greenlings and allies) Hexagramminae (greenlings) Pleurogramminae (atka mackerels) Ophiodontinae (lingcods) Suborder Normanichthyiodei Normanichthyidae Suborder Cottoidei Rhamphocottidae (grunt sculpins) Ereuniidae Bathylutichthyidae Cottidae (sculpins) Cottocomephoridae Comephoridae (Baikal oilfishes) Abyssocottidae Hemitripteridae Psychrolutidae (fatheads) Agonidae (poachers) Cyclopteridae Cyclopterinae (lumpsuckers) Liparinae (snailfishes) Order Perciformes Suborder Percoidei (Includes incertae sedis taxa) Centropomidae Centropominae (snooks) Latinae Ambassidae [=Chandidae] Percichthyidae (temperate basses) Acropomatidae (lanternbellies) Moronidae Polyprionidae (wreckfishes) Dinopercidae (cave basses) Serranidae (sea basses and groupers) Serraninae Anthiinae Epinephelinae (groupers) Liopropomatinae

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Grammistinae (soapfishes) [Pseudogrammatidae incl.] Ostracoberycidae Symphysanodontidae Centrogeniidae Pseudochromidae (dottybacks) Pseudochrominae Pseudoplesiopinae Anisochrominae Congrogadidae (eelblennies) Grammatidae (basslets) Callanthidae Plesiopidae (roundheads) Plesiopinae Acanthoclininae (spiny basslets) Notograptidae Opistognathidae (jawfishes) Terapontidae (grunters or tigerfishes) Banjosidae Kuhliidae (flagtails or aholeholes) Centrarchidae (sunfishes and freshwater basses) Percidae (perches and darters) Priacanthidae (bigeyes) Apogonidae (cardinalfishes) Epigonidae Dinolestidae Sillaginidae (sillagos) Malacanthidae (tilefishes) Malacanthinae (sand tilefishes) Latilinae (tilefishes) [=Branchiosteginae] Lactariidae (false trevallies) Scombropidae Pomatomidae (bluefishes) Rachycentridae (cobias) Echeneidae (remoras and sharksuckers) Carangidae (jacks, amberjacks, pompanos) Nematistiidae (roosterfishes)

Coryphaenidae (dolphins or dolphinfishes) Menidae (moonfishes) Leiognathidae (ponyfishes or slipmouths) Bramidae (pomfrets) Caristiidae (veilfins or manefishes) Arripidae (Australian salmons) Emmelichthyidae (rovers) Lutjanidae (snappers) Caesionidae (fusiliers) Lobotidae (tripletails) Coiidae (tigerperches) Gerreidae (mojarras)

E A GALERA???

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Haemulidae (grunts) Inermiidae (bonnetmouths) Sparidae (porgys and seabreams) Centracanthidae Lethrinidae (emperors) Nemipteridae (threadfin breams and spinycheeks) Sciaenidae (croakers and drums)

Polynemidae (threadfins) Mullidae (goatfishes) Pempheridae (sweepers) Glaucosomatidae Leptobramidae (beachsalmon) Bathyclupeidae (bathyclupeids) Toxotidae (archerfishes) Dichistiidae (galjoens) [=Coracinidae] Kyphosidae (sea chubs) Girellinae (nibblers) Kyphosinae (rudderfishes) Scorpidinae (halfmoons) Microcanthinae Parascorpididae (jutjaws) Drepanidae (sicklefishes) Monodactylidae (moonies) Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes) Pomacanthidae (angelfishes) Enoplosidae (oldwives) Pentacerotidae (armorheads) Nandidae (leaffishes) Nandinae Pristolepidinae Badinae Oplegnathidae (knifejaws) Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes) Chironemidae (kelpfishes) Aplodactylidae Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins or morwongs) Latridae (trumpeters) Cepolidae (bandfishes) Suborder Mugiloidei Mugilidae (mullets) Suborder Labroidei Cichlidae (cichlids) Embiotocidae (surfperches) Pomacentridae (damselfishes and anemonefishes) Labridae (wrasses) Odacidae Scaridae (parrotfishes) Scarinae Sparisomatinae

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Suborder Zoarcoidei Bathymasteridae (ronquils) Zoarcidae (eelpouts) Stichaeidae (pricklebacks) Cryptacanthodidae (wrymouths) Pholidae (gunnels) Anarhichadidae (wolffishes) Ptilichthyidae (quillfishes) Zaproridae (prowfishes) Scytalinidae (graveldivers) Suborder Notothenioidei Bovichtidae (bovichtids) Nototheniidae (notothens) Harpagiferidae (plunderfishes) Artedidraconidae Bathydraconidae (Antarctic dragonfishes) Channichthyidae (crocodile icefishes) Suborder Trachinoidei Chiasmodontidae (swallowers) Champsodontidae (gapers) Trichodontidae (sandfishes) Ammodytidae (sand lances) Trachinidae (weeverfishes) Uranoscopidae (stargazers) Trichonotidae (sand divers) Creediidae (sand burrowers) Leptoscopidae Percophidae (duckbills) Percophinae Bembropinae Hemerocoetinae Pinguipedidae (sandperches) [=Parapercidae] Suborder Pholidichthyoidei Pholidichthyidae (convict-blennies) Suborder Blennioidei Tripterygiidae (threefin blennies) Labrisomidae (labrisomids) Clinidae (clinids and klipfishes) Chaenopsidae (pikeblennies) Dactyloscopidae (sand stargazers) Blenniidae (blennies) Suborder Icosteoidei Icosteidae (ragfishes) Suborder Callionymoidei Callionymidae (dragonets) Draconettidae (draconettids) Suborder Schindleroidei Schindleriidae Suborder Gobioidei Rhyacichthyidae (loach gobies) Odontobutidae Eleotridae (sleepers) Gobiidae (gobies)

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Kraemeriidae (sand darts) Microdesmidae Microdesminae Ptereleotrinae Xenisthmidae Suborder Kurtoidei Kurtidae (nurseryfishes) Suborder Acanthuroidei Ephippidae (spadefishes, batfishes and scats) Scatophagidae (scats) Siganidae (rabbitfishes) Luvaridae (luvars) Zanclidae (moorish idols) Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and unicornfishes) Suborder Scombrolabracoidei Scombrolabracidae (black mackerels) Suborder Sphyraenoidei Sphyraenidae (barracudas) Suborder Scombroidei Gempylidae (snake mackerels) Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes and scabbardfishes) Aphanopodinae Lepidopinae Trichiurinae Xiphiidae (swordfishes) Istiophoridae (billfishes and marlins) Scombridae (mackerels, tunas and bonitos) Suborder Stromateoidei Amarsipidae (amarsipids) Centrolophidae (medusafishes) Nomeidae (flotsamfishes or driftfishes) Ariommatidae (ariommatids) Tetragonuridae (squaretails) Stromateidae (butterfishes) Suborder Anabantoidei Anabantidae (climbing gouramies) Belontiidae (gouramies and allies) Helostomatidae (kissing gouramies) Osphronemidae (giant gouramies) Luciocephalidae (pikeheads) Suborder Channoidei Channidae (snakeheads) Order Pleuronectiformes Psettodidae (psettodids) Citharidae Scophthalmidae Paralichthyidae Bothidae (lefteye flounders) Achiropsellidae Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)

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Poecilopsettinae Rhombosoleinae Pleuronectinae Paralichthodinae Samaridae Achiridae Soleidae (soles) Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes) Symphurinae Cynoglossinae Order Tetraodontiformes [=Plectognathi] Triacanthodidae (spikefishes) Triacanthidae (triplespines) Balistidae (triggerfishes)

Monacanthidae (filefishes) Ostraciidae (boxfishes) Aracaninae Ostraciinae Triodontidae (threetooth puffers) Tetraodontidae (puffers) Diodontidae (porcupinefishes and burrfishes) Molidae (molas or ocean sunfishes) Class Sarcopterygii Order Coelacanthiformes Latimeriidae (coelacanths) [=Coelacanthidae] Order Ceratodontiformes Ceratodontidae (Australian lungfishes) Order Lepidosireniformes Lepidosirenidae (South American lungfishes) Protopteridae (African lungfishes)