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  • Chem 6a Slideset 4

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    Arjun Parti
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    This slide set summary covers topics in atomic theory including: 1) The law of constant composition which states that a compound contains the same elements in fixed ratios by mass. 2) Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as fundamental units and that compounds form by combinations of atoms in small whole number ratios. 3) The distinction between molecules and molecular compounds versus ionic compounds formed between metals and nonmetals. 4) Common diatomic and triatomic molecules such as H2O, NH3, CH4, N2, CO2.

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    Chem 6a Slideset 4

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    This slide set summary covers topics in atomic theory including: 1) The law of constant composition which states that a compound contains the same elements in fixed ratios by mass. 2) Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as fundamental units and that compounds form by combinations of atoms in small whole number ratios. 3) The distinction between molecules and molecular compounds versus ionic compounds formed between metals and nonmetals. 4) Common diatomic and triatomic molecules such as H2O, NH3, CH4, N2, CO2.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    5 views13 pages

    Chem 6a Slideset 4

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Parti
    This slide set summary covers topics in atomic theory including: 1) The law of constant composition which states that a compound contains the same elements in fixed ratios by mass. 2) Dalton's atomic theory which proposed atoms as fundamental units and that compounds form by combinations of atoms in small whole number ratios. 3) The distinction between molecules and molecular compounds versus ionic compounds formed between metals and nonmetals. 4) Common diatomic and triatomic molecules such as H2O, NH3, CH4, N2, CO2.

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    of 13

    Chem 6A Slide Set #4

    Overview

    CHAPTER 2

    Atomic Theory Molecules Binary Compounds Formulas, Names, Masses The Nuclear Atom

    2013-10-04

    Law of Constant Composition


    Say that a certain compound, Compound X, is composed of two elements, A & B:

    A 7g

    B 3g

    Compound X 10 g

    B 6g

    Compound X

    14 g

    20 g

    The compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts fractions! "y mass#
    Area of oval shape represents mass.

    Problem: Mass Percentage Composition

    A $#%&'(ram sample of copper is heated with sulfur to produce $#)* (rams of the compound copper sulfide# +hat are the mass percenta(es of the elements in this compound,

    Mixture or compound?

    Dalton's Atomic

    !eor" #$%&%'

    -mportant postulates:

    All matter is composed of atoms# Atoms of one element cannot "e con.erted into atoms of another element# All atoms of the same element are identical to each other, "ut different from the atoms of e.ery other element# Compounds are formed in a chemical reaction "y com"inations of specific ratios of atoms of different elements#

    Molecules ( Molecular Compounds

    Law of Multiple Proportions


    Say that elements A & B can com"ine to form two different compounds:

    Compound X

    Compound Y

    /lement B com"ines with element A in small whole' num"er proportions here, $:$ and %:$!#
    Area of oval shape represents mass.

    Periodic table

    )aming Compounds: Metal * )onmetal


    Name of simple "inary ionic compounds formed from metal plus nonmetal which com"ine in only one fi0ed ratio 1 2metal name3 2nonmetal name 4 'ide3

    For e0ample: sodium fluoride: NaF 5inc sulfide: 6nS

    Problem

    The common compound containin( sulfur and sil.er has the formula A(%S# +hat is its name, A! 7isil.er sulfide B! 7isulfur sil.ide C! Sil.er disulfide 7! Sil.er sulfide

    10

    )aming Compounds:
    Num"er prefi0es are used with compounds formed from nonmetals# 8Mono'9 is omitted for the first element, and usually omitted for the second element# The element with the lower (roup num"er usually comes first# /0amples: S:; , N%: <=:) , ,

    wo )onmetals

    11

    Common Molecules

    +ater >%: Ammonia Methane N>; C>=

    12

    +OM,-O./

    Te0t"oo? pro"lems from the end of Chapter %: %'%*, %'%%, %'%), %'%&, %';%, %';=, %'=* @ead: Chapter %, Sections %'$* to %'$%

    13

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