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Crop Diversification
Crop Diversification
SEMINAR ON
Speaker:
KA DAM SHI VAJ I
BALA BHI M
M.Sc (Agri.) student
Reg. No. 03M/07A
88
DETERMINANTS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION
Number of factors governs nature and
speed of crop diversification.
Resource endowments:
● Agro climatic conditions
● Soil
● Labour
● Facility of irrigation
Technological factors
House hold factors
Institutional and infrastructural factors
Price factors
9
9
The important facts highlighting the
need of crop diversification in India:
Crop Diversification
Delineate area : Scientific data base priorities and
target the area.
Choice of alternative crops and technology.
Priority Input / credit supply for alternative crops.
Share the risk of new system.
Market support - Rural uplinking.
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Table 1: Issues and functions provided by diversification
in dryland regions.
Issues Functions provided by diversification
Productivity Increased yield, reduce intra seasonal
and stability variation and improved stability through
diverse components viz., crop, tree, plant
and animal.
High risk and Risk and cost minimization through yield and
high cost income from annual and perennial mixtures.
Unabated Minimization of kinds, effect and extent of
land land degradation by appropriate land care
degradation through alternate land use system.
Inadequate Staggered employment round the year.
employment
Low High components income generation from
profitability various area.
Poor energy Energy efficient implements.
management
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RAU, (Bikaner) Hegde et al., (2003) 14
Key determining factors:
Farmers Angle
Profit margin of new system
Incentive, if any.
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Over all strategies for crop diversification
Diversion of high water requiring crops to
less water intensive crops.
Diversion of cotton to pulses, oilseeds and
maize in light textured and shallow soils.
Replacement of low yielding low value
coarse cereals to high yielding high value
crops like pulses.
Inter cropping or mixed cropping be
promoted in dry areas.
Shift high risk crops with short duration
pulses and drought resistant oilseeds
crops. 16
16
POSSIBLE ADDITION OF AREA TO DIFFERENT CROPS
Area - mha
Prod.- m t
Present area Additional area through Expected
(2005-06) diversification Additional
Crop Production
Pulses 23.12 2.5 1.57
Oilseeds 23.32 3.00 2.50
1717
DIVERSIFIED AGRICULTURE
Mix
farming
Animal Sericulture
Husbandry
Low Yielding
Horticulture Food grain Forestry
crops
Floriculture
18 18
Table 2:Crop wise area in Maharashtra state (Agronomical crops)
Crop and crops Area in ’00 ha
component 98-99 01-02 04-05 06-07
Jowar (k.) 2385 2768 2383 2773
Bajri (k.) 1206 1556 1999 1701
Small millets 193 113 129 123
Total pulses (k.) 7523 7152 6789 5834
Rabi jowar 3663 3622 3741 3545
Total rabi pulses 887 1468 515 1264
Groundnut (k.) 949 1031 907 945
Groundnut (s.) 887 1277 370 605
Sesamum 907 907 796 719
Castor 1881 1483 1047 1305
Cotton 14104 16585 17498 19063
Wheat 6060 7014 4701 7274
Tobacco 318 337 255 213
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Directorate of Agriculture, 19
Table 3: State wise crop diversification in context to weather
State Weather Traditional Proposed crops
constraints crops to be taken
grown
Tamil Nadu Droughts, Rice, pulses Banana,
high sugarcane, onion
temperature
Gujarat Droughts, Upland Maize, sesame,
High paddy, castor,
temperature coarse intercropping
cereals, sugarcane,
Cereals soybean,
vegetables,
horticultural crops.
Maharashtra Droughts, Paddy, Oilseeds, soybean,
high coarse horticultural crops,
temperature cereals, medicinal plants
cotton and flowery
culture.
Gov. of India, Dept. of Agril. and Co. Office 20
of Agril. Commissioner, July, 2003. 20
Table 4: Change in production of different oilseeds in
India (Million tonnes)
Oilseed 1981 2005 Change in Percent
crops production change
Groundnut 5.97 6.81 0.84 7.44
Rapeseed 2.04 5.20 3.17 28.02
and
mustard
Sunflower 0.098 0.79 0.69 6.16
Soybean 0.30 6.45 6.19 54.78
Other 1.57 1.97 0.40 3.54
Total 10.0 21.31 11.31 100.0
Increase in
Increase in Increase in
Year Oilseed
Maize area Pulses area
area
2002-03 15.92 134.96 104.04
2003-04 20.97 205.44 125.59
2004-05 27.67 226.08 151.38
2005-06 53.59 261.20 192.02
Increase 236% 94% 86%
compared
to 2002-03
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CASTOR IN CROP DIVERSIFICATION
SCENARIO
It is an important non edible oil seed crop,
earns valuable foreign exchange.
High yield potential under irrigated
conditions (30- 35q/ha).
Also higher yield potentials under dry lands.
Economically remunerative crop as compare
to existing crop sequences.
Suitable for crop rotation and maintenance
of fertility as castor posses long tap root
system. 29
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Table 10: Yield, monetary returns and benefit:cost ratio of
castor- based intercropping systems under dryland conditions.
Treatment Mean yield (kg/ha) Mean Benefit:
(1995 to 2002) Monetary cost ratio
Main crop Inter crop Returns
(Rs/ha)
Sole castor 653 - 8496 1.60
Castor+Mothbean(1:2) 580 48 7960 1.81
Castor+Ridgegourd 581 1918 13312 2.13
Castor+Bittergourd 536 229 7426 1.76
Castor+Smoothgourd 531 242 7877 1.73
Castor+Clusterbean 546 1171 15308 1.97
Castor+Dolichos lablab 524 - 6809 1.52
CD (P= 0.05) 3552
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