RECEPTIVE SKILLS: Listening & Reading

Basic Principles I. CONTENT

1. Interest 2. Usefulness

2. PURPOSE & EXPECTATIONS

A. Purpose B. Expectations

3. RECEPTIVE SKILLS
A. Predictive Skills B. Extracting Specific Information
Redundancy Scanning

C.

etting t!e eneral Picture

". Extracting "etailed Information A. #ecognising $unction % "iscourse Patterns $. "educing &eaning $rom Context

The Listener/Reader as Active Model Builders

1. Systemic know e!"e is our linguistic kno'ledge (kno'ledge of p!onological) s*ntactic % semantic components of t!e lang s*stem+. 2. Sc#em$tic know e!"e '!ic! is non,linguistic info. It-s a mental structure made up of our kno'ledge) memor* % experience '!ic! allo's us to put '!at 'e learn into '!at 'e kno'.

Background kno'ledge - factual - sociocultural Procedural kno'ledge - !o' language is used in discourse .no'ledge of situation - p!*sical setting) participants) etc. .no'ledge of co,text - '!at !as /een0'ill /e said ('ritten+ .no'ledge of t!e language s*stem - semantic - s*ntactic - p!onological

sc!ematic kno'ledge

context

s*stemic kno'ledge

$igure1 Information sources in compre!ension Anderson) A. % 2*nc!) 3.) 1455) Listening) 6xford) 6xford Universit* Press) page 17.

A Basic Methodological Model for the Teaching of Receptive Skills

8 Basic Stages1
1. 2. 7. 9.

Lead-in Teacher directs comprehension task Students listen/read for task Teacher directs feedback

5. Teacher text-related task

TEACHING LISTENING

1. BAC. #6U:" P#6B2E&S

What causes the comprehension problems FL have & native speakers dont? LAN !A " 2 assumptions1 1. '!at $2 learners are doing is learning a language and no more 2. native speakers don-t experience compared to $2 learners. compre!ension pro/lems

II.

2EA#:E# P#6B2E&S
1. trou/le '0sounds 2. tr*ing to understand ever* 'ord. 7. can-t understand fast) natural native speec!. 9. find it difficult to keep up 8. et tired

7. &E3;6"626 ICA2 2IS3E:I: STEP %& PRE'LISTENIN( ACTIVITIES

A. <oca/ular* B. Background Information C. Interest ". &otivation 1. 2. 7. Interest Purpose Specific 3ask

&6"E2

$6#

STEP 2& )*ILE'LISTENIN( ACTIVITIES 3=PES 6$ >;I2E #EA"I: AC3I<I3IES %. S#o+t Res,onses
a. 6/e*ing instructions /. 3icking off items c. 3rue0$alse d. "etecting mistakes e. Clo?e f. uessing definitions g. Skimming % scanning

2. Lon"e+ Res,onses
a. Ans'ering @uestions /. :ote,taking c. Parap!rasing d. Summarising e. 2ong gap,filling

3. E-ten!e! Res,onses a. Pro/lem,solving

/. Interpretation

STEP 3& POST'LISTENIN( ACTIVITIES

9. 3;E EAUIP&E:3

<. 2IS3E:I:

>I3; <I"E6

A. Ty,es o. Vi!eo
A/t#entic Boug!t) or recorded from television.
$eature films (fiction+ Cartoons "ocumentaries :e's0 >eat!er Intervie's ame s!o's (often /ased on 'ords+ Ads0 Commercials realistic interesting up,to,date original inexpensive mainl* for !ig!er levels no prepared 'ork/ook0 exercises

0$!e .o+ L$n"/$"e Te$c#in" Specificall* designed for learning t!e target language. Produced /* all t!e maBor pu/lis!ers.
eneral courses 2istening practice ;o' to (eg presentations+

St+on" Points

St+on" Points
adapted to level practise specific structure0 voca/ular* come '0 'ork/ooks cued '0 minutes0 seconds rat!er unrealistic can /e /oring expensive date easil*

)e$k Points

)e$k Points

1. Vi!eo'S,eci.ic Tec#ni2/es&
1. Silent vie'ing

2. $ree?e frame
7. Sound onl*

C. 0et#o!s o. E-, oitin" L$n"/$"e

(+$mm$+ , tenses1 >!at-s !e doing0 going to do0 Bust doneC , retell t!e se@uence , prepositions1 >!ere-s !is !andC Voc$3/ $+y , description (scenes0 people0 o/Bects+ Listenin" , general compre!ension , specific information (names) dates) num/ers+ S,e$kin" , discussion (/efore0 during0 after1 opinion) /od* language) acting) filming) etc.+ , prediction (guess t!e end0 create interest+ )+itin" , summar*