1

Bi 1:

S IN LI

NI DUNG BI HC
I/ HIN TNG IN LI

CU HI GI

. Hy nu hin tng din

. ra khi cho dng in ln
lt i qua cc cc ng
. dd saccarozo, nc ct, dd
. NaCl?
. Gii thch ti sao dung
dch ny dn in v dung
.
dch kia li khng dn
. in? nh ngha s
. in li v cht in li?
. V d minh ha?
.
.
. Biu din phng trnh
in li ca nhng cht sau:
.
NaCl, NaOH, HCl,
. H2SO4, BaCl2?
.
.
II/ PHN LOI CC CHT IN LI
1. Th nghim: (SGK)
2. Cht in li mnh, cht in li yu.
a. Cht in li mnh
.
.

Th no l cht in li
.
mnh? Cht in li yu? v
.
d minh ha?
.
.
.
b. Cht in li yu
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

Bi tp t lun:
1/ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau:
Kali sunfua:
Natri hidro sunfat:
Natri di hidro sunfat:..
Ch hidro xit:..

2/

vit pt in li cc cht in li mnh:

HNO3.. ; HClO4 ; H2SO4

NaOH.
Ba(NO)2
3/

; KOH. ; Ba(OH)2..

; Na2SO4

vit pt in li cc cht in li yu:

HClO..

; H2S .

HF

; H2SO3

Mg(OH)2 ; HNO2....
4. Trn ln 100ml dd Natri hidro sunfat 1M vi 100ml dd natri hidroxit 2M c dung dch D.
a) Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca phn ng xy ra trong D.
b) C cn dd D thu c hh nhng cht no ? Tnh khi lng mi cht?
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
5. Mt dd A c cha 3 mui st(III)sunfat; Natri clorua; v st(III) clorua vi nng theo th t:
1mol/l; 6mol/l v 2mol/l.
a/ Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dd A?
b/ Tnh khi lng cc mui Natri sunfat v st (III) clorua cn ly pha ch 0,5l dd c nng ca cc
ion ng nh dd A
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6. Trong 150ml dung dch c ha tan 6,39g Al(NO3)3. Tnh nng mol cua cc ion trong dung dch?
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bi tp trc nghim:

1.
ht n o di
h g nhng ht t n in i nh
A. HNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Ca3(PO4)2, H3PO4;
B. CaCl2, CuSO4, CaSO4, HNO3;
B. H2SO4, NaCl, KNO3, Ba(NO3)2;
D. KCl, H2SO4, H2O, CaCl2;
2.
ht trong
nh
n o

ht in i nh
. h
:
B. h
:
3, H2S, Ba(OH)2, HCl
2SO4
. h
: 3COOH, HNO3, BaCl2, Na2SO4
D. h
: 2O, Ca(NO3)2, Al2(SO4)3, KOH
3. Cho cc cht di : 2O, HCl, NaCl, CH3COOH, CuSO4, HgCl2, Al(OH)3. Cc cht in li yu l:

A. H2O, NaCl, CH3COOH, Al(OH)3

B. Al(OH)3, CH3COOH, H2O
C. H2O, CH3COOH, Al(OH)3 , HgCl2
D. H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4
4.
n o
ng khi n i s in li?
a. S in li l s ho tan mt cht vo nc thnh dung dch
b. S in li l s phn li mt cht di tc dng c dng in
c. s in li l s phn li mt cht th nh ion dng ion
khi ht t n trong nc hay
trng thi nng chy.
d. S in li l qu trnh oxi ha - kh
5. Cht n o
khng dn in c?
A.KCl rn, khan
B. CaCl2 nng chy
C. NaOH nng chy
. Br h t n trong nc
6. Dung dch dn in tt nht l
A. NaCl 0,02M.
B. NaCl 0,01M.
C. NaCl 0,001M..
D. NaCl 0,002M.
+
7. Nng mol/l ca Na trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 0,6 mol Na2SO4 l:
A. 0,8
B. 0,4
C. 0,9
D. 0,6.
2
8. Nng mol/l ca SO4 trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 0,6 mol Al2(SO4)3 l:
A. 0,8
B. 0,4
C. 1,2
D. 2,4.

9. Nng mol/l ca Cl trong dung dch CaCl2 0,3 M l:

A. 0,3
B. 0,6
C. 0,9
D. 0,15.
10. 100ml dd Na2CO3 c cha 1,06gam Na2CO3 th nng mol/lit ca ion Na+ l:
A. 2M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,02M
D. 0,1M

Bi 2:

AXIT BAZO V MUI

NI DUNG BI HC
I/ AXIT

CU HI GI

1/ nh ngha
. Axit l g? V d minh ha?
.
.
.
.
. Th no l axit mt nc?
VD?
2/ Axit nhiu nc
Th no l axit nhi u nc?
. VD?
.
.

.
.
. Bazo l g? Vd minh ha?
.
.
.
.
II/ BAZO
.
.
.
.
.
.
Th n o hidroxit ng
III/ HIDROXIT LNG TNH
tnh? Vit phng trnh
.
in li ca nhng hidroxit
. ng tnh sau: Zn(OH)2,
. Al(OH)3, Pb(OH)2.?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
IV/ MUI
Mui l g? Vd ?
/ nh ngh
.
Th no l mui axit?
. Mui trung ha ? vd ?
.
.
.

.
Vit phng trnh in li
2/ S in li ca mui trong nc
. ca nhng mui sau:
K2SO4, NaHSO3?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Bi tp t lun:
1/ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau:
HNO3 .
H2SO4 .
.
H3PO4
.
.
CH3

Sn(OH)2
.
NaClO, ..
K2CO3,
(NH4)2SO4
,NaHCO3,
.
NaHSO3
.

NaHS,
.
K2SO4

7
2/ Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau:
a/ Na2SO4 0,05M
.
.

b/

100 ml dung dch cha 17,1g Ba(OH)2.

.
.
.
.

c/

(NH4)2CO3 0,010M

3/ Trn ln 100ml dd Natri hidro sunfat 1M vi 00 dd n tri hidroxit M c dung dch D.

a) Vit phng trnh ph n t phng trnh ion a phn ng xy ra trong D.
b) C cn dd th c hh nhng cht no ? Tnh khi ng mi cht?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4/ trung ha 25 ml dd H2SO4 th phi cn 50ml ddd NaOH 0,5M. Tnh CM ca dd axit?
.
.
.
.

8
.

5/ Cho mt ng dung dch H2SO4 0% tc dng ht vi 16g CuO. Tnh nng % ca dd

mui th c?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Trong dung dch H3PO4 (b qua s phn li ca H2O) cha bao nhiu loi ion ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
2/ Trong dung dch H2SO4 (b qua s phn li ca H2O) cha bao nhiu loi ion ?
A. 2.
B. 3 .
C. 4.
D. 5.
3/ Cho cc mui sau: NaHSO4 ;NaHCO3 ;Na2HPO3 . Mui axit trong s :
A. NaHSO4, NaHCO3. B.Na2HPO3.
C. NaHSO4.
D.c 3 mui
4/ Trong dung dch axit axetic (b qua s phn li ca H2O) c nhng phn t no?
A. H+, CH3COO- .
C. CH3COOH, H+, CH3COO-, H2O.
B. H+, CH3COO-, H2O.
D. CH3COOH, CH3COO-, H+.
5/ Dung dch X c cha a mol Na+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl v d mol SO4 . Biu th n o di ng
A. a + 2b = c + 2d
B. a + 2b = c + d
C. a + b = c + d
D. 2a + b = 2c + d
2+
6/ Mt dd c cha cc ion: Mg (0,05 mol), K+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol), v SO42- (x mol). Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,05.
B. 0,075.
C. 0,1.
D. 0,15.
2+
3+
27/ Dung dch A cha cc ion: Fe (0,1 mol), Al (0,2 mol), Cl (x mol), SO4 (y mol). C cn dung d h th c 46,9g
mui rn. Gi tr ca x v y ln t l
A. 0,1 v 0,35.
B. 0,3 v 0,2.
C. 0,2 v 0,3.
D. 0,4 v 0,2.

9
Bi 3

S IN LI CA NC. pH.
CHT CH TH AXIT-BAZO

NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I.
c l mt cht in li yu.
1. S in li c nc
. V sao li gi nc l mt
. cht in li yu? vit
phng trnh in li ca
. nc?
.
Vi i trng trung tnh
2. Tch s ion c nc
+
. th nng ion H v OH
. l bao nhiu? tch s
ion c nc
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
. Hy cho bit [H ] trong
i trng axit?
.

3. ngh t h ion c nc
Hy cho bit [H+] trong
/ Mi trng axit
i trng bazo?
.
.
.
.
b/ Mi trng kim
. Th n o pH? Hy
cho bit pH tronng mi
.
trng axit? Bazo? V
. mui trung tnh?
.
Kt lun:
.

10
.
.
.
Th l cht ch th? Cho
II.
Khi nim v pH. Cht ch th axit-bazo.
bit s th i mu ch
1. Khi nim pH
. th qu tm v pp trong cc
i trng?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2. Cht ch th axit bazo
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bi tp t lun:
1/ X nh i trng ca cc dd sau:
Na2S,

AgNO3,

NH4NO3, .

Na3PO4, ..

Cu(NO3)2,.

(NH4)2CO3.

Na2SO4, ..
2/ Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a. Dung dch H2SO4 0,0050M
b. Dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,0050 M
c. Cho 0,0224 lt kh HCl ktc vo 1 lt nc.

11
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3/ Cho 100ml dung dch HCl c pH =2 vo 200ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12. Xc nh nng mol ca
cc ion trong dung dch sau phn ng v pH ca dung dch.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4/ Tnh pH cua dd thu c khi cho 1 lt dd H2SO4 0.005M tac dung vi 4 lt dd NaOH
0.005M.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

12
.
.
.
5/ Pha loang 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 vi 1.3 lt nc c dd co pH = 12 .Tnh nong o mol/l
cua dd Ba(OH)2 trc khi pha loang.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

6/ Trn 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05M vi 250 ml dung d h

ml dung dch Y c pH = 12. Tnh gi tr ca a.

o / t th th c 500

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

7/ Trn 20ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 20ml dd H2SO4 0,075M. Nu coi th t h dd th

k th pH c dd th c l bao nhiu?

i khng ng

13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

8. Tnh the tch dd NaOH 0.01M can e trung hoa 200ml dung dch H2SO4 co
pH = 3 .
.
.
.
.
.
.

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Dung dch mui n o di
i trng b z
A. Na2CO3
B. NaCl
C. NaNO3
D. (NH4)2SO4
2/ Dung dch ca mui n o di
p =7
A. NaCl
B. NH4Cl
C. Na2CO3
D. ZnCl2
+
3/ Mt dd c nng H bng 0,001M th pH v [OH ] ca dd ny l
A. pH = 2; [OH-] =10-10 M.

B. pH = 3; [OH-] =10-10 M.

C. pH = 10-3; [OH-] =10-11 M.

D. pH = 3; [OH-] =10-11 M.

4/ i u khng nh n o di
ng
A. Dung dch mui trung ho lun c pH = 7.
B. Dung dch mui axit lun c mi trng pH < 7.
C. Nc ct c pH = 7.
D. Dung d h b z n
ho pheno pht ein h n sang mu hng
5/ Cho dung dch X c pH = 10, dung d h Y p = . i u khng nh n o di
. X tnh b z hn Y.
B. X c tnh axit y hn Y.

ng?

14
C. Tnh axit ca X bng ca Y.
D. X c tnh axit mnh hn Y.
6/ Dung dch KCl c gi tr
A. pH= 7.
B. pH > 7.
C. pH < 7.
. p khng x nh c.
7/ Dung dch CH3COONa c gi tr
A. pH= 7 .
B. pH> 7.
C. pH< 7 .
. p khng x nh c.
8/ Dung dch NH4Cl c gi tr
A. pH = 7.
B. pH > 7.
C. pH < 7.
. p khng x nh c.
9/ Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2M cn trung ho 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M l
A. 50 ml
B. 100 ml
C. 200 ml
D. 500 ml.
10/ Th tch dung dch HCl 0,3M cn trung ho 100ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M l
A. 100ml.
B. 150ml.
C. 200ml.
D. 250ml.
11/ Dung d h X * + = 0 M th p a dung dch l
A. pH = 2.
B. pH = 12.
.p = .
D. pH = 0,2.
12/ Tnh pH ca dung dch H2SO4 0,005M (coi axit in li hon ton)
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
/ ho g
o n d th c 1,5 lit dd c pH=12. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,23 gam.
B. 0,46 gam.
C. 0,115 gam.
D. 0,345 gam.
14/ t n ho n to n g
B
o n th c 200ml dd X c pH=13. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,53 gam.
B. 2,295 gam.
C. 3,06 gam.
D. 2,04 gam
5/ trung ho dd hn hp cha 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,15 mol Ba(OH)2 cn th tch dd hn hp
cha HCl 0,1 M v H2SO4 0,05M l
A. 4 lit.
B. 3 lit.
C. 1 lit.
D. 2 lit.
16/ Trn 20 ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 20 ml dd H2SO4 0 075M th c 40ml dd c pH bng
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 1,5.
17/ Trn 20 ml dd KOH 0,35M vi 80 ml dung d h
0 M c 100ml dd c pH l
A. 2.
B. 12.
C. 7.
D. 13.
Bi 4:

PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI

NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I.
iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch
cc cht in li:
1. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta
. Xem th nghim, vit ptpu
. xy ra dng phn t, ion
, v ion rt gn ca
. phn ng Na SO BaCl
2
4+
2
.

15
.
.
.
.
V d minh ha?
2. Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu:
a. Phn ng to thnh nc
.
.
.
.
.
. V d minh ha?
.
.
b. Phn ng to thnh axit yu:
.
.
. V d minh ha?
.
.
.
.
.
3. Phn ng to cht kh:
.
.
.
.
. Th no l phn ng trao
i ion?
.
Phn ng tr o i ion xy
. ra khi no?
.
.

16
.
.
.
.
.
II.
Kt lun:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bi tp t lun:
1/ Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion thu gn xy ra gia cc cp cht sau:
a/ Na2CO3+BaCl2

e/ Ba(OH)2 + HCl --->

b/ Pb(OH)2+ H2SO4
f/ Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH--->
g/ Al(OH)3 + NaOH--->
c/ K2S+ Fe(NO3)2

d/ CH3COONa + HCl

h/ (NH4)2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 --->

2/ Vit phng trnh ph n t ca nhng phng trnh ion rt gn sau:

a/ H+ + OH- H2 ..
b/ 2H+ + Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2 H2
c/ / 2H+ + CuO Cu2+ + H2

17
3/ Bng phng ph p h

hc hy phn bit cc cht ring bit sau:

a/ Na2CO3, MgCO3, BaCO3 v CaCl2

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

b/ BaCl2, HCl, K2SO4, Na3PO4

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

c/ BaCl2, HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, KCl

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

4/ Ha tan 80g CuSO4 vo mt ng nc v 0,5lit dung dch

18
a/ Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dng dch
b/ Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 0,5M d lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+?
b/ Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 0,5M d lm kt ta ht ion SO4 2-?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

6/ a/ Tnh nng mol/lt ca dd Na2CO3, bit rng 100ml dd tc dng ht vi 50 ml dd HCl 2M.
b) Trn ln 50 ml dung dch Na2CO3 vi 50 ml dung dch CaCl2. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion v
cc mui c trong dung d h th c.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

7/ Chia 19,8 gam Zn(OH)2 thnh hai phn bng nhau:

a. Cho 150 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M vo phn mt. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.
b. Cho 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo phn hai. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.
.

19
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ hn ng tr o i ion trong dd
ht in i h
th x r khi :
. To th nh ht kt t .
B. To th nh ht kh.
. To th nh ht in i .
.
t nht t trong i kin tr n.
2/ hn ng n o di
phn ng tr o i ion trong dd
A. Zn + H2SO4 ZnS 4 + H2
B. Fe(NO3)3 +
Fe( )3 + 3NaNO3
C.2Fe(NO3)3 + I Fe( 3)2 + I2 + 2KNO3
D. Zn + 2Fe(NO3)3 Zn( 3)2 + 2Fe(NO3)2
3/. hn ng n o
khng phi phn ng tr o i ion
A. MgSO4 + BaCl2 MgCl2 + BaSO4.
B. HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3.
C. 2NaOH + CuCl2 2NaCl + Cu(OH)2.
D. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag.
4/ Nhng ion n o

th ng
t trong t dd
2+
2

+
+
+
3+
A. Mg , SO4 , Cl , Ag .
B. H , Na , Al , Cl .
C. Fe2+, Cu2+, S2 , Cl. D. OH , Na+, Ba2+ , Fe3+
5/ Cc ion no sau khng th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?

A. Na+, Mg2+, NO 3 , SO 4

B. Ba2+, Al3+, Cl, HSO 4

C. Cu2+, Fe3+, SO 4 , Cl D. K+, NH 4 , OH, PO

3
4

6/ Mt dung dch cha x mol Na+, y mol Ca2+, z mol HCO3-, t mol Cl-. H thc lin h gia x, y, z, t
x nh l:
A. x + 2z = y + 2t
B. x+ 2y = z + 2t
C. z+ 2x = y+ t
D. x + 2y = z + t
2+
+
7/ Dung dch A cha x mol Ba , 0,02 mol K v 0,06 mol OH . Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,05 mol
B. 0,02 mol
C. 0,04 mol
D. 0,08 mol
+
2+
2+
2+ +
8/ Dung dch X c cha Na ,Mg ,Ca ,Ba ,H ,Cl . c th th c dung dch ch c NaCl t dung dch
X,cn thm vo X ho cht n o di
A. Na2CO3
B. K2CO3
C. NaOH
D. AgNO3

20
9/C 5 dd mui mt nhn: NaCl, NH4Cl, Al(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, CuSO4. ng dd n o
nhn bit
A. dd HCl
B. dd NaOH
C. dd BaCl2
D. dd H2SO4.
10/ Trn ln 0,2 l dung dch NaCl 0,2M v 0,3 l dung dch Na2SO4 0,2 M th CM [Na+ ] mi l:
A. 0,32M
B. 1M
C. 0,2M
D. 0,1M
11/ Ha tan 6,2 gam Na2
o n c 2 lit dung dch A. Nng mol/l ca dd A l bao nhiu ?
A.0,05M
B. 0,01M
C. 0,1M
D. 1M

Bi 5:

LUYN TP CHNG 1
AXIT-BAZO-MUI. PHN NG TRAO I ION
TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI

NI DUNG BI HC
1. KIN THC CN NM
a. Cc nh ngha:
- Axit:
- Bazo:
- Hidroxit lng tnh:............................................................
.........................................................................................................

CU HI GI

Bi tp 1,4,5,6 GSK-

.
.
- Mui:
.
.
- Tch s ion ca nc
.
.
. Bi tp 2,3, 7 SGK
.
b. Cc gi tr ion [H+] v pH c trung cho cc mi trng.
.
.
.
.
.
.

21
.
.

Bi tp:
1/ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau:
K2S : .................................................................................................................................................
Na2HPO4.........................................................................................................................................
Pb(OH)2 .........................................................................................................................................
.HBrO..............................................................................................................................................
HF.................................................................................................................................................
HClO4...........................................................................................................................................
2/ Mt dung dch c ion [H+]=0,01M. Tnh [OH-] v pH ca dung dch. Mi trng ca dung
dch ny l axit, bazo hay trung tnh? Hy cho bit mu ca qu tm trong dd ny?
..........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
3/ Mt dung dch c pH = 9,0. Tnh nng mol/l ca ion [H+] v ion [OH-]trong dd. Hy cho
bit mu ca pp trong dd ny?
..........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
4/ Cho 200 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,1M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,1M.
a) Tnh CM ca cc ion sau phn ng.
b) Tnh th tch dung d h
0 5M h t n ng kt ta trn.

..........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

22
...........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

NIT - PHOTPHO

CHNG 2 :

BI 7 :

NIT

NI DUNG BI HC

CU HI GI

I/ V TR V CU HNH E NGUYN T
.......................................................................................................... Vit cu hnh e?
.......................................................................................................... X v tr ca nito?
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit ctct phn t nito?
..........................................................................................................
II/ TNH CHT VT L
.......................................................................................................... Nu l tnh c bn ca N2?
.......................................................................................................... (trng thi, mu sc, mi
.......................................................................................................... v, tan )
III/ TNH CHT HA HC
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Gii thch v sao nito bn
nhit thng? V sao
.......................................................................................................... va mang tnh oxh va
.......................................................................................................... mang tnh kh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
1/ Tnh oxh:
a/ Tc dng vi kim loi:
.......................................................................................................... VD minh ha? X vai tr
cc cht tham gia ohan3
.......................................................................................................... ng?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi H2:
.......................................................................................................... Vit pt phn ng xy ra?
.......................................................................................................... Ghi r k phn ng.

23
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh kh

Nu v d minh ha trong
.......................................................................................................... trng hp phn ng vi
O2? Ghi r k pu. Nu sp
.......................................................................................................... ngui t0 thng th
.......................................................................................................... phn ng c tip tc kg?
Vit ptpu xy ra?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ ng dng (SGK)
V/ Trng thi t nhin: (SGK)
VI/ iu ch:
1/ Trong cng nghip:

Trong CN ngi ta /ch

.......................................................................................................... N2 bng cch no?
..........................................................................................................
2/ Trong phng th nghim: SGK

Bi Tp t lun:
1/ Hon thnh
ho, tnh kh.

phng trnh phn ng

nh phn ng n o nit th hin tnh oxi

a. N2 + Al

d. N2 + O2

b. N2 + H2

e. N2 + Ca

c. N2 + Mg
2/ Cn ly bao nhiu lit N2 v H2 (kt ) i u ch c 51g NH3, bit hiu sut c p l 25%
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................

24
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
3/ Tnh th t h kh hiro kh nit n d ng i u ch 3,36 lt kh amoniac kt bit hiu
sut ca phn ng ch t 30 %.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
4/ Tnh khi ng mui amoni clorua cn d ng i u ch 0 7g nit bit rng hiu sut ca
q trnh i u ch t 75%.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
5/ Cho 4 lt N2 v 14 lt H2 vo bnh phn ng. Hn hp th c sau phn ng c th tch bng
16,4 lt (Cc th t h o cng nhit v p sut). Tnh th tch NH3 to thnh v hiu
sut ca phn ng.
...........................................................................................................................................................

25
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
6/ Trn ln 6 lit NO vi 20 lit khng kh. Tnh th tch NO2 to thnh v th tch hn hp kh sau phn ng, bit khng
kh c gn ng 20% th tch oxi, cn li l N2. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin.

...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................

Bi tp trc nghim:
1. Tnh chat nao sau ay khong phai cua nit?
A/ chat kh khong mau, khong mui, khong v, nhe hn khong kh
B/ tan nhieu
trong nc
C/ chiem khoang 4/5 the tch khong kh
D/ khong duy tr s chay, s
song
2/ Tnh chat hoa hoc cua Nit la
A. tnh kh
B. tnh oxi hoa
C. va oh, va kh
D. tnh
bazo
3/ Nit phan ng trc tiep vi Oxi nhiet o

26
A. 100oC

B. 1000oC

C. 300oC

D. 3000oC

4/ Phn ng nhit phn khng ng

t C
A. 2KNO3 2KNO2+ O2.

t C
C. NH4Cl NH3 + HCl.

t C
B. NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O.

t C
D. NaHCO3 NaOH + CO2.

5/ Cap cong thc cua liti nitrua va nhom nitrua la

A. LiN3 va Al3N
B. Li3N va AlN
C. Li2N3 va Al2N3
D. Li3N2 va Al3N2
6/ Sn xut kh N2 trong cng nghip bng
h n o di
. hng t ph n on khng kh lng
B.Nhit phn dd NH4NO2 bo ho
. ng t chy ht oxi trong kk
. ho kk i q bt ng nung nng
7/ kh N2 tng i tr nhit thng do nguyn nhn chnh l:
A.N2 c bn knh nguyn t nh
B.Phn t N2 khng phn cc
C.N2
in ln nht trong nhm VA D.Lkt trong phn t N2 l lk ba,c E ln
8/ Cho hon hp 4mol N2 va H2 theo t le mol 1:3 tong hp thanh amoniac vi hieu
suat 25%. Khoi lng NH3 thu c la
A. 34g
B. 8,5g
C. 17g
D. 22,4g
9/ Hon hp N2 va H2 co t khoi so vi khong kh la 0,293. Thanh phan % theo the
tch cua 2 kh N2 va H2 lan lt la
A. 25% va 75%
B. 75% va 25%
B. 40% va 60%
D. 60% va 40%

BI 8

AMONIAC V MUI AMONI

NI DUNG BI HC

CU HI GI

A/ AMONIAC
I/ cu to phn t: SGK
II/ Tnh cht vt l:
.......................................................................................................... Nu vi vt l ca
.......................................................................................................... NH3?(( Ch tnh tan)
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ Tnh cht ha hc:
1/ Tnh bazo yu:
a/ Tc dng vi nc:
NH3 c kh nng pu vi

27
.......................................................................................................... nc kg? Vit ptpu chng
.......................................................................................................... minh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
..........................................................................................................

Vit pt phn t, pt ion rt

.......................................................................................................... gn khi cho dd NH3 phn
.......................................................................................................... ng dd AlCl3, Fe(NO3)3,
MgSO4.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
c/ Tc dng vi dung dch axit:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Vit pt phn ng xy ra
.......................................................................................................... khi cho dd NH3 phn ng
dd HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
.......................................................................................................... Gi tn sn phm thu
.......................................................................................................... c?
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh kh:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

V sao NH3 mang tnh

kh?

a/ Tc dng vi oxi:
.......................................................................................................... Vit ptpu t chy NH3
.......................................................................................................... trong O2, xc nh vai tr
cc cht tham gia phn
.......................................................................................................... ng?
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi clo:
.......................................................................................................... Vit ptpu xy ra? X vai

28
.......................................................................................................... to cc cht tham gia pu?
.......................................................................................................... Ngoi ra Nh3 cn kh c
mt s oxit nh CuO, hoc
..........................................................................................................
CrO3 xung mc oxh thp
.......................................................................................................... hn
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ ng dng: SGK
V/ iu ch:
1/ Trong phng th nghim:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Trong phong TN NH3
.......................................................................................................... c iu ch bng cch
.......................................................................................................... no? Vit ptpu chng
minh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Trong cng nghip:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Trong CN NH3 c
.......................................................................................................... /ch t ngun nguyn
.......................................................................................................... liu no? Vit ptpu, ghi ro
iukin xy ra phn ng.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
B/ MUI AMONI
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Mui amoni cha cation
c bn no?
I/ Tnh cht vt l:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Tnh tan ca mui?
II/ Tnh cht ha hc:
1/ Tc dng vi dung dch kim
..........................................................................................................

29
.......................................................................................................... Vit ptpu xy ra dng
.......................................................................................................... phn t v ion rt gn khi
cho:
..........................................................................................................
-(NH4)2SO4 + NaOH
.......................................................................................................... -NH NO + Ba(OH)
4

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Phn ng nhit phn:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Vit ptpu nhit phn xy
ra trong trng hp:
..........................................................................................................
-mui NH4+ cha gc axit
..........................................................................................................
kg c tnh oxh
.......................................................................................................... mui NH + cha gc axit
4

.......................................................................................................... c tnh oxh

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Bi tp t lun:
1/ Hon thnh chui phn ng sau : ( ghi y iu kin nu c )
NaNO2 1 N2 2 Mg3N2 3 NH3 4
Cu 5 Cu(NO3)2

Cu(OH)2 7 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
CuO 9
N2
..........................................................................................................................................................................
8

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
2/ Nhn bit:
a/ Cc dung dch : NH3 , (NH4)2SO4 , NH4Cl ,Na2SO4 .

30
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
b/ Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4 , NH4NO3, K2SO4, Na2CO3, KCl.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
c/ Ch dng mt ha cht duy nht nhn bit cc dd mt nhn sau: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaCl
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
3/ Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng gia dd NH4Cl vi
a/ dd KOH
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
b/ dd Ca(OH)2
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
c/ dd AgNO3
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
4/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau v ghi r i u kin nu c:

31
a. Cu(NO3)2 + dd NH3
b. NH3 + HNO3

c. NH4NO3 + NaOH
t

d. NH4NO2
0

5/ C 8,4l NH3 (ktc). Tnh s mol H2SO4 phn ng ht vi NH3 v to ra (NH4)2SO4?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
6/ Dn 2,24 lit NH3 (ktc) qua ng ng 32 g CuO nung nng thu -c
cht rn A v kh B.
a.Vit PTHH xy ra v tnh th tch kh B (ktc)
b.Tnh V dd HCl 2M va p- ht v i A
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
7/ Cho 0,34 gam NH3 phn ng hon ton vi oxi thu c 0,405 gam H2O v th tch kh O2 d l 0,336 lt (ktc).
a.Tnh khi lng O2 dng trong phn ng.
b. Tnh hiu sut phn ng
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

32
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Tam giay quy am a vao bnh ng kh khong mau, giay quy chuyen sang
mau xanh. KH o la
A. O2
B. N2
C. CO2
D. NH3
2/ NH3 la chat co tnh
A. oxi hoa va kh
B. oxi hoa va bazo
C. oxi hoa va axit
D. kh va bazo
3/ Dung dch amoniac khong tac dung vi chat nao sau ay?
A. FeCl3
B. NaCl
C. AgNO3
D. Al2(SO4)3
4/ Cho cn bng ho hc: N2(k) + 3H2(k)

2NH3(k); phn ng thun l phn ng to nhit.Cn bng

ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi

A. th i p sut ca h.
C. th i nhit .
B. th i nng N2.
D. thm cht xc tc Fe.
5/ Nhung 2 ua thuy tinh vao bnh ng HCl ac vadd NH 3 ac, a 2 au ua
vao nhau se xuat hien khoi trang o la: A. NH3
B. HCl
D.
NH4Cl
D. hi nc
6/ Cht c th lm kh kh NH3 l:
A. H2SO4 c
B. P2O5
C. CuSO4 khan
D. KOH rn
7/ Trong cc phn ng di ,phn ng no NH3 khng th hin tnh kh?
A.4NH3 +5O2
+6 2O
B.NH3 +
4Cl
C.8NH3 +3Cl2 6 4Cl +N2
D.2NH3 +

+ 2O +N2
8/ Cho t t dung dch NH3 vao dung dch CuSO4 en d, hien tng quan sat c
la
A. xuat hien ket tua trang
B. xuat hien ket tua mau xanh lam
C. xuat hien ket tua mau xanh lam sau o tan tao thanh dung dch xanh tham
D. xuat hien ket tua mau xanh lam va co kh mau nau o thoat ra.
9/ Nhn xxt n o di khng ng mui amoni?
A.Mui amoni km b n vi nhit
B.Tt c mui oni t n trong nc
C.Cc mui oni u l cht in ly mnh
D. dd mui oni n
i trng b z
10 / i u ch 4lt NH3 t N2 v H2,vi hiu sut l 50%,th th tch H2 cn dng ng k b o
nhiu?
A.4lit
B.6lit
C.8lit
D.12lit
11/ Tnh nong o mol cua dung dch NH3 30% co D= 0,925g/ml
A. 1.09M
B. 10,9M
C. 7,86M
D. ket qua khac
12/ Cho dd KOH en d vao 20ml dd (NH4)SO4 1M , un nong nhe. The tch kh thu
c kc la
A. 4,48lit
B. 0,896 lt
C. 6,72lit
D. 0,448lit

33
13/ Cho 30l N2 tac dung vi 30l H2 vi hieu suat phn ng la 30%. The tch kh NH3 thu
c kc la
A. 6 lt
B. 20 lt
C. 10 lt
D. 16 lt

BI 9

AXIT NITRIC V MUI NITRAT

NI DUNG BI HC

CU HI GI

A/ AXIT NITRIC
I/ Cu to phn t:SGK
II/ Tnh cht vt l:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Nu vi c im vt l
ca axit nitric? Dd m
.......................................................................................................... c nht khong bao
.......................................................................................................... nhiu %?
III/ Tnh cht ha hc:
1/ Tnh axit:
..........................................................................................................

Vit phng trnh phn

ng chng minh HNO3 l
.......................................................................................................... mt axit mnh? ( pu vi
.......................................................................................................... bazo, oxit bazo, mui)
..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh oxi ha:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Tnh oxihoa mnh ca

34
.......................................................................................................... HNO3 do ion no qui
nh?
a/ Tc dng vi kim loi:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Cho v d minh ha? Xc

.......................................................................................................... nh vai tr cc cht tham
.......................................................................................................... gia phn ng?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi phi kim:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Cho v d minh ha? Xc

.......................................................................................................... nh vai tr cc cht tham
.......................................................................................................... gia phn ng?
..........................................................................................................
c/ Tc dng vi hp cht:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Cho v d minh ha? Xc
.......................................................................................................... nh vai tr cc cht tham
.......................................................................................................... gia phn ng?
..........................................................................................................
IV/ ng dng: SGK
V/ iu ch:
1/ Trong phng th nghim:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Trong phng th nghim
.......................................................................................................... HNO c iu ch bng
3
.......................................................................................................... cch no? Vit ptpu chng
minh?

35
2/ Trong cng nghip:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... HNO3 c iu ch t
ngun nguyn liu no?
..........................................................................................................
Tri qua my giai on?
.......................................................................................................... Vit ptpu chng minh cho
.......................................................................................................... tng giai on?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
B/ MUI NITRAT
I/ Tnh cht ca mui nitrat
a/ Tnh tan:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit tnh tan ca mui

.......................................................................................................... nitrat?
..........................................................................................................
b/

Phn ng nhit phn:

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Cc mui nitrat u km
bn vi nhit, Vit ptpu
..........................................................................................................
chng minh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
c/ Nhn bit ion gc nitrat: SGK
II/ ng dng: SGK
C/ Chu trnh ca nito trong t nhin : SGK

BI TP T LUN:
Lp phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau

36

a/ P + HNO

b/ C + HNO

c/

S + HNO

d/

Fe3O4 + HNO3 .......+

e/

FeO + HNO3 .......+

+
+ ..

f. NH4NO3

+ .

g. Mg + HNO3 +

+ ..

h. Al + HNO3 +
i. Mg(NO3)2
j. Fe(NO3)3

4NO3

..

2/ Vit phng trnh phn ng hon thnh chui sau (ghi r iu kin nu c):
a/NH4NO2N2NONO2HNO3Al(NO3)3Al(OH)3Al2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4NH4Cl
...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

b/ NH4Cl NH3 N2 NO NO2 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 CuO CuSO4

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

C/

N2 NH3 NH4Cl NH3 NH4NO3 N2O

NO NO2

HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 KNO3 KNO2

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

...........................................................................

3/ Ho tan 12,8 (g) kim loi ho tr II trong mt ng v dd HNO3 60% (D = 1,365 g/ml),
th 8 96 t (kt ) t kh duy nht
n . X nh kim loi v th tch dung dch
HNO3 d ng.
..........................................................................................................................................................................

37
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

4/ Ho tan 0,6 g kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d th c 0,112 lt kh N2. Tm M.

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
5/ Cho 60 g hn hp Cu, CuO tan ht trong 3 lt dd HNO3 ho
t (kt ) kh NO bay ra.

Tnh phn tr

khi ng ca mi cht trong hh u, nng cc cht trong dd sau phn ng.

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

6/ Chia hn hp Fe v Cu lm hai phn bng nhau:

+ Phn mt cho vo dd HNO3 c, ngui th c 4,48 lt kh
n (kt ) bay ra.
+Phn hai cho vo dung dch HCl th c 2,24 lt kh H2 (kt ) bay ra
X nh thnh phn % v khi ng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................

38
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Cu + HNO () th th kh n o

C. NO
A-H2
B-N2
D. NO2
2/ Tong cac he so can bang trong phng trnh : Cu + HNO3 l Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
l:
A. 10
B. 18
C. 24
D. 20
3/ Tong cac he so can bang trong phng trnh : Mg + HNO3 ac Mg(NO3)2 + NO2 +
H2O l:
A. 10
B. 18
C. 24
D. 20
4/ Khi cho Fe tac dung vi dung dch HNO3 loang th san pham thu c la:
A. Fe(NO3)2 va H2.
B. Fe(NO3)3, NO2 va H2O.
C. Fe(NO3)2, NO va H2O.
D. Fe(NO3)3, NO va H2O
5/ Khi cho FeO tac dung vi dung dch HNO3, san pham la :
A. Fe(NO3)2 va H2O
B. Fe(NO3)3 va H2O
c. Fe(NO3)3, NO va H2O
D. phan ng khong xay ra.
6/ Cho phan ng :3Zn + 8HNO3 = 3Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Phan ng nay chng to :
A. Zn b oxi hoa
B. HNO3 co tnh kh
C. HNO3 co tnh oxihoa
D. cau a, c ung
7/ Khi cho NO2 hp vi H2O (khong co oxi), san pham tao thanh la :
A. HNO3
B. HNO3 va NO
C. HNO3 va N2
D. HNO3 va O2
8/ Dung dch axit nitric am ac nhat co the gap la axit co nong o
A. 86%
B. 37%
C. 68%
D. 98%
9/ HNO3 ac nguoi khong tac dung vi
A. Fe, Zn, Cr
B. Al, Cu, Ag
C. Al, Fe, Cr
D. Zn, Cu , Pb
10/ Cho cac chat sau: Fe, Fe(OH)2, CuO, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 lan lt tac dung vi
HNO3 ac nong. So phan ng thuoc loai phan ng oxi hoa kh la
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
C. 6
11/ Phan ng nhiet phan muoi nitrat nao sau ay sai?
t
A. KNO3 KNO2 + O2
o

C. AgNO3 Ag2O + NO2+ O2

12/ Nhiet phan muoi kali nitrat ta thu c
A. K2O, NO2
B. KNO2, O2
t

t
B. Cu(NO3)2 CuO + NO2 + O
o

t
D. Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3 + NO2 + O2
o

C. KNO2, NO2

D. K, NO2, O2

39
13/ xit it
ng thc phn t dng NOx trong
him 30,43%v khi ng. xit l cht no
di
.
B.N2O4
C.NO2
D.N2O5
14/ ho 9 5 g
t ki oi M h tr n t n ht trong d ng d h
8 t kh
(
3 th
kt ). M ki oi: A. Mg
B. Cu
C. Fe
D. Zn
15/ Ha tan ht 1,92 gam mt kim loi trong 1,5 lt dd HNO3 0 5M th c 0,448 lt kh NO ( kt )
dd A. Bit khi phn ng th t h dd khng th i:
a) Vy R l kim loi: A. Al
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Cu
16/ ho g
Fe t n trong 50
d ng d h
ng xit d n phi d ng 00
3 M tr ng h
d ng d h
M.
gi tr :
A. 2,8 gam
B. 8,4 gam
C. 5,6 gam
D. 11,2 gam
17/ ho g
Mg t n ho n to n trong d ng d h
gii ph n r kh 2 (d nht)
3 phn ng
d ng d h
phn ng tng 9 g .
gi tr :
A. 2,4 gam
B. 3,6 gam
C. 4,8 gam
D. 7,2 gam
18/ Nung mot lng muoi Cu(NO3)2. Sau mot thi gian, dng lai e nguoi, em can
thay khoi lng giam 54g. So mol kh thoat ra trong qua trnh nay la
A. 1
B. 2
C. 0,25
D. ket qua khac

BI 10

PHOTPHO

NI DUNG BI HC

CU HI GI

I/ V TR V CU HNH E NGUYN T
.......................................................................................................... Vit cu hnh e nguyn t?
.......................................................................................................... X v tr ca P trong bang
ht tun hon? Cho bit so
.......................................................................................................... e ngoi cng?
..........................................................................................................
II/ TNH CHT VT L:
.......................................................................................................... P c my dng th hnh?
..........................................................................................................
1/ P trng:
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit trng thi, mu
sc, tan v cu trc
..........................................................................................................
mng tinh th P trng?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ P :
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit trng thi, mu
sc, tan v cu trc

40
.......................................................................................................... mng tinh th P trng?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ TNH CHT HA HC
1/ Tnh oxh:
.......................................................................................................... P th hin tnh oxh trong
pu no? Vit ptpu chng
.......................................................................................................... minh
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh kh:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... P th hin tnh kh trong
pu no? Vit ptpu chng
.......................................................................................................... minh? X vai tr cc cht
.......................................................................................................... tham gia phn ng?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ NG DNG: sgk
V/ TRNG THI T NHIN: sgk
VI/ SN XUT:
..........................................................................................................

Trong cng nghip ngi

.......................................................................................................... ta sn xut P bng cch
.......................................................................................................... no?
..........................................................................................................

Bi tp t lun:
1/ Thc hin cc bin ho sau:
a/ oxi 1 axit nitric 2 axit photphoric 3 canxi photphat 4 canxi ihirophotphat.
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................

41
b/
Qung photphorit 1 P 2 P2O5 3 H3PO4 4 (NH4)3PO4 5 H3PO4 6 canxi photphat
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
2/ t chy 15,5g P ri ha tan sn phm vo 200g nc. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch axit?
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
3/ Cn ly bao nhiu tn qung photphorit c cha 60% khi lng Ca3(PO4)2 iu ch c 150 kg photpho, bit
rng lng P hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 4%.
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
4/ t chy hon ton 46,5 kg photpho trong oxi d.
a/ Ha tan sn phm vo lng nc va iu ch dung dch H3PO4 5M. Tnh th tch dung dch thu c.
b/ Ha tan sn phm vo 300 kg nc. Tnh nng % ca dung dch H3PO4 thu uc.
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
5/ Cho 12,4g P tc dng hon ton vi oxi. Sau cho ton b lng P2O5 ho tan hon ton vo 80ml dung dch
NaOH 25%(d=1,28). Tnh C% c?a dung dch mui sau phn ng.
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................

42
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
6/ un nng hn hp Ca v P . Ho tan sn phm thu c vo dung dch HCl d thu c 28lt kh ktc. t
chy kh ny thnh P2O5. Lng oxit thu c tc dng vi dung dch kim to thnh 142g Na2HPO4. Xc nh thnh
phn hn hp u.
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
7/ t chy hon ton 3,1g P ta c cht A chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:
-Ly phn 1 ho tan hon ton vo 500g nc ta c dung dch B.Tnh nng % ca dung dch B.
-Ly phn 2 cho tc dng vi 400ml dd NaOH 0,3M sau em c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu g cht rn?
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................
............................................................................... .....................................................................................

43
............................................................................... .....................................................................................

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Trong cac cong thc hoa hoc sau, magie photphua co cong thc la
A. Mg3(PO4)2
B. Mg(PO3)2
C. Mg3P2
D. Mg2P2O7
2. P o, P trang, P en la nhng dang n chat khac nhau cua P, chung c goi
la
A. cac ong phan
B. cac ong v
C. cac dang thu hnh
D. cac ong khoi
3. P o va P trang la 2 dang thu hnh cua photpho nen giong nhau cho:
A. eu co cau truc mang phan t va cau truc polime
B. t boc chay trong khong kh ieu kien thng
C. kho nong chay va kho bay hi
D. tac dung vi kim loai hoat ong tao thanh photphua.

BI 11 AXIT PHOTPHORIC V MUI PHOTPHAT

NI DUNG BI HC

CU HI GI

A/ AXIT PHOTPHORIC
I/ Cu to phn t
.......................................................................................................... V cu to phn t ca
H3PO4?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ Tnh cht vt l
..........................................................................................................

Nu vi c im vt l ca
.......................................................................................................... dd H3PO4?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ Axit photphoric l mt axit 3 nc, c mnh trung bnh
Vit phng trnh in li
ca H3PO4? Xc nh cc
.......................................................................................................... ion c th c trong dd
..........................................................................................................

44
.......................................................................................................... H3PO4?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tc dng vi dd kim to ra nhiu mui khc nhau:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Vit phng trnh phn3
ng chng minh? Gi tn
.......................................................................................................... sn phm?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
3/ H3PO4 khng c tnh oxh.
IV/ IU CH
1/ Trong phng th nghim:
.......................................................................................................... H3PO4 c iu ch nh
th no trong phng th
.......................................................................................................... nghim? Ptpu chng
.......................................................................................................... minh?
2/ Trong cng nghip:
.......................................................................................................... Trong cng nghip H3PO4
c iu ch t ngun
.......................................................................................................... nguyn liu no? Vit ptpu
.......................................................................................................... chng minh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
V/ NG DNG : SGK
VI/ MUI PHOTPHAT
..........................................................................................................

C bao nhiu loi mui

.......................................................................................................... photphat? Nu vd minh
.......................................................................................................... ha?
..........................................................................................................

45
I/ Tnh tan:
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit tnh tan ca cc
loi mui photphat?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Nhn bit ion photphat:

Dng thuc th no
.......................................................................................................... nhn bit ion PO43-? Hin
.......................................................................................................... tng din ra? Phng
trnh phn ng chng
.......................................................................................................... minh?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
1/ Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau v ghi r i u kin nu c:
a. P + O2 d.
b. + Mg..
c. P2O5 + NaOH ( to mui photphat tr ng ho )..
d. H3PO4 + Na2CO3.
e. NaH2PO4 + NaOH ( t l : ).
f. H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 ( t l : ).
g. H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 ( t l : ).
2/ Bng phng php ho hc phn bit cc mui: Na3PO4, NaCl, NaBr, Na2S, NaNO3. Nu r hin tng
dng phn bit v vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng.

3/ thu c mui hirophotphat cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch KOH 0.05M cho tc dng vi 100ml
dung dch H3PO4 0,2M.

46

4/ Thm 250ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M.
a/ Tm khi lng mui to thnh?
b/ Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch to thnh.

5/ Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi:

a/ Cho dung dch cha 11,76g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16,8g KOH.
b/ Cho dung dch cha 39,2g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 44g NaOH.

6/ Trn ln 50ml dd H3PO4 1,5M v 75ml dung dch KOH 3M. Tnh nng CM ca mui trong dd thu c.

47

7/ Tnh th tch dd KOH 1,5M cn cho vo 75ml dd H3PO4 thu c dd KH2PO4 Tnh CM ca mui trong dd ny.

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Cap chat nao sau ay co the ton tai trong cung mot dung dch?
A. axit nitric va ong (II) nitrat
B. ong (II) nitrat va amoniac
C. bari hidroxit va axit photphoric
D. amoni hidrophotphat va kali hidroixit
2/ Chn T ng a magie photphua
C. Mg(PO3)2
A. Mg3P2
B. Mg3(PO4)3
D. Mg2P2O7
32+
3/
2 PO4 + 3 Ba Ba3(PO4)2
l pt ion rt gn ca :
A/ K3PO4 + Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + KOH
B/ 3 K3PO4 + 2 Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 KOH
C/ 2 K3PO4 + 3 Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 KOH
C/ 2 Na3PO4 + 3 Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6 KOH
4/ Thuc th dng bit: HCl, HNO3 v H3PO4
A. Qu tm
B. Cu
C. dd AgNO3
D. Cu v AgNO3
5/ Trong phng trnh phn ng H2SO4 + P H3PO4 + SO2 + H2O. H s ca P l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
6/ Khi cho a mol H3PO4 tc dng vi b mol NaOH, khi b= 2a ta thu c mui na sau y:
A. NaH2PO4
B. NaH2PO4
C. Na3PO4
D. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4
7/ Trn 50 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M vi V ml dd KOH 1M thu c mui trung ha. Gi tr ca V l.
A. 200ml
B. 170ml
C. 150ml
D. 300ml
8/ ot chay hoan toan 6,2 g P trong O2 lay d, cho san pham tao thanh tac dung
vi150,0ml dung dch NaOH 2,0M. Sau phan ng trong dung dch thu c co cac muoi
A. NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4
B. Na2HPO4 , Na3PO4
C. NaH2PO4, Na3PO4
D. Na3PO4

BI 12 :
NI DUNG BI HC
I/ PHN M

PHN BN HA HC
CU HI GI

48
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn cng
.......................................................................................................... dng ca phn m?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
1/ m amoni:
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit thnh phn v

.......................................................................................................... cch iu ch ?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ m nitrat:
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn v
cch iu ch ?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
3/ Ure
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn v
.......................................................................................................... cch iu ch ?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ PHN LN:

Cho bit thnh phn cng

.......................................................................................................... dng ca phn ln?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

49
..........................................................................................................
1/ supephotphat
a/supephotphat n:
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn v
cch iu ch ?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ supephotphat kp:
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn v
.......................................................................................................... cch iu ch ?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Phn ln nung chy:
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit thnh phn v

cch iu ch ?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ PHN KALI:
.......................................................................................................... Cng dng v thnh phn
.......................................................................................................... ca phn kali?
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ PHN HN HP V PHN PHC HP

Th no l phn hn hp
.......................................................................................................... v phn phc hp?
a/ Phn hn hp:
.......................................................................................................... Cho bit thnh phn ca
.......................................................................................................... chng?
..........................................................................................................

50
..........................................................................................................
b/ Phn phc hp:
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit thnh phn ca

chng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
V/ PHN VI LNG

Cng dng v thnh phn

ca phn vi lng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Bi tp t lun:
1/ Vit phng trnh ho hc thc hin dy chuyn ho sau:
P axit photphoric amophot canxiphotphat axit photphoric supephotphat kp.

2/ Bng phng php ho hc phn bit cc mu phn bn sau:

a/ KNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl

b/ NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 v (NH4)3PO4

51

3/ Phn ln suphephotphat kp thc sn xut c thng ch cha 40% P2O5. Tnh hm lng % ca
Ca(HPO4)2 trong phn .

4/ Mt mu phn supephotphat n khi lng 15,55g cha 35,43% Ca(H2PO4)2, cn li l CaSO4. Tnh t
l %P2O5 trong mu phn supephotphat n trn.

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Cng thc ha hc ca m hai l l:
A. NH4Cl
B. (NH4)2SO4
C. NH4NO3
D. NaNO3
2/ Loai phan am nao sau ay co t le N khoang 46%
A. Ure
B. aminonitrat
C. aminosunfat
D.
aminoclorua
3/ Phan supephotphat kep thc te san xuat c ch ng vi 40,0% P2O5. Ham
lng (%) cua canxidihidrophotphat trong phan bon nay la
A. 69,0
B. 65,9
C. 71,3
D. 73,1
4/ Phan am ure thng ch cha 46,00 %N. Khoi lng (kg) ure u e cung cap
70,00kg N la

52
A. 152,2
B. 145,5
c.160,9
D. 200,0
5/ Khang nh nao sau ay chnh xac?
A. thanh phan superphotphat n gom CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
B. thanh phan superphotphat n gom Ca(H2PO4)2
C. thanh phan superphotphat kep gom CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
D. thanh phan superphotphat n gom Ca(H2PO4)2
6. Khang nh nao sau ay khong ung?
A. phan phc hp amophot gom hon hp NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2HPO4
B. Phan hon hp NPK la phan co cha cac nto N, P, K
C. Phan vi lng la cha cac nguyen to B, Zn, , Mn, Cu, Mo,
D. Phan vi lng cha cac nguyen to N, P, K
7/ Phan am NH4NO3 hay (NH4)2SO4 lam cho at
A. tang o chua cua at
B. giam o chua cua at
C. khong anh hng en o chua cua at
D. lam xop at
8/ Phn ln supephotphat n c thnh phn ha hc l:
A. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)3
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4.2H2O
C. Ca(H2PO4)2
D. Ca3(PO4)2
9/ Cho dd KOH n d vo 50ml (NH4)2SO4 1M. un nng nh, thu c th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l:
A. 2,24 lt
B. 1,12 lt
C. 0,112 lt
D. 4,48 lt

CHNG 3 :

CACBON - SILIC

BI 15
CACBON
NI DUNG BI HC
I/ V TR V CU HNH E NGUYN T
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

CU HI GI
Vit cu hnh e? X v tr
ca C trong bang tun
hon?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ TNH CHT VT L: SGK
III/ TNH CHT HA HC
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
1/ Tnh kh:

Dng th hnh no hot

ng mnh nht? V d
tham gia phn ng ha
hc no?

53
a/ Tc dng vi oxi:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

iu kin phn ng? Sp

to thnh? X vai tr
cht tham gia phn ng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi hp cht:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

iu kin phn ng? Sp

to thnh? X vai tr
cht tham gia phn ng?

..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh cht oxh
a/ Tc dng vi hidro:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Ptpu? iu kin p? Vai

tr cc cht tham gia?

..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi kim loi:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

iu kin phn ng? Sp

to thnh? X vai tr
cht tham gia phn ng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ NG DNG: SGK
V/ TRANG THI T NHIN: SGK
VI/ IU CH
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Bi tp t lun:

Cho bit cch iu ch

mt s dng th hnh ca
cacbon?

54
1/ nhit cao, cacbon c th phn ng vi nhi n ht v hp cht. Hy lp
phng trnh
ha h

ho bit phn ng no cacbon th hin tnh kh. Ghi r s oxi ha ca cacbon

trong tng phn ng .
1) C + S

2) C + Al

4) C + H2

5)

6) C + HNO

8) C + KClO3

7) C + H2SO
9) C + CO2

( c)

(c)

2/ t chy hon ton 8 kg than (cha tp cht khng chy) thy thot ra 0,5 m3 cacbonic. Tnh %
cacbon trong than.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3/ xc nh hm lng phn trm cacbon trong mt mu gang trng, ngi ta t mu gang trng trong
oxi d. Sau xc nh lng kh CO2 to thnh bng cch kh qua nc vi trong d ; lc ly kt ta,
ra sch sy kh ri em cn. Vi mt mu gang khi lng l 5g v khi lng kt ta thu c l 1g
th hm lng phn trm cacbon trong mu gang l bao nhiu ?
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4/ xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp khng cha lu hunh, ngi ta phi t mu thp
trong oxi d v xc nh lng CO2 to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mu thp , bit rng
khi t 10g thp trong oxi d ri dn ton b sn phm qua nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5g kt ta.
..
..
..

55
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5/ t mt mu than ch cha tp cht h nh trong oxi. Cho hn hp kh thot ra tc dng vi
ng d d ng dch brom, th
0 g bro phn ng . Cho kh thot ra khi dung dch brom tc
dng vi ng d n i trong th c 10,00g kt ta.
a/ Vit phng trnh h hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b/ X nh phn tr khi ng ca cacbon trong mu than ch
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ Kim cng v than ch l cc dng:
A- ng hnh ca cacbon B- ng v ca cacbon C- th hnh ca cacbon D- ng phn ca cacbon
2/ Tnh oxi ha ca C th hin khi phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. vi O2
B. vi Al
C. vi CuO
D. vi H2O
3/ C phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y:
A. Na2O, NaOH, HCl
C. Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, CaCO3
B. Al, HNO3 c, KClO3
D. NH4Cl, KOH, AgNO3

4/ Tnh kh cua C the hien trong phan ng nao sau ay?

t
A. C + CO2
2CO
o

t
C. 3C + 4Al
Al4C3
o

CO

t
B. C + 2H2
CH4
o

t
D. 3C + CaO
CaC2 +
o

56
5/ Mt hp cht to bi 2 nguyn t C v O.Bit t l v khi lng ca C v O l mC : mO 3: 8 .T l
s nguyn t C v O trong phn t l
A- 1:1
B- 2:1
C- 1:2
D- 1:3
6/ Hp cht B c 27,8% C v 72,2% O v khi lng.T l s nguyn t C v O trong B l
A- 1:1
B- 1:2
C- 2:1
D- 1:3

BI 16 :

HP CHT CA CACBON

NI DUNG BI HC
A/ CACBON MONOOXIT

CU HI GI

I/Tnh cht vt l:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Nu vi c im vt l
ca CO?

.........................................................................................................
II/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ CO l mt oxit khng to mui.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

V sao CO khng to
c mui?

2/ Tnh kh:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

CO c th kh c
nhng cht no? Vit
ptpu chng minh?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ iu ch:
1/ Trong phng th nghim:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

CO c iu ch nh
th no trong phng TN?

2/ Trong cng nghip:

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Trong CN, CO c iu
ch bng cch no?

57
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
B/ CACBONDIOXIT
I/Tnh cht vt l
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit vi c im vt
l ca CO2?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ Tnh cht ha hc
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Vit cc phng trnh

phn ng chng minh
CO2 l mt oxit axit?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ iu ch
1/ Trong phng th nghim
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/Trong cng nghip

CO2 c iu ch nh
th no trong phng th
nghim?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
C/ AXIT CACBONIC V MUI CACBONAT
I/ AXIT CACBONIC (SGK)
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

CO2 c iu ch nh
th no trong phng th
nghim?

58
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ Mui cacbonat
1/ Tnh cht:
a/ Tnh tan:
..........................................................................................................

Cho bit tinh1 tan ca

mt s mui cacbonat?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/tc dng vi axit
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Vit phng trnh phn

ng chng minh dng
phn t v ion rt gn?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
c/ Tc dng vi dung dch kim
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Vit phng trnh phn

ng chng minh dng
phn t v ion rt gn?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
c/ Phn ng nhit phn:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ ng dng: SGK
Bi tp t lun:

Vit phng trnh phn

ng chng minh?

59
1/ Hy in du (+) vo trng hp no c v du (-)vo trng hp no khng c phn ng xy ra gia
cc cht sau y:
CO2
(NH4)2CO3
NaHCO3
Ba(HCO3)2
Na2SO4 dd
NaOH dd
BaCl2 dd
CaO r
2/ a. Phn bit 3 cht kh 3 bnh ring bit: CO, HCl,
...
...

...

...

...

...

b/ Nhn bit cc dung d h ng trong cc l mt nhn sau:

Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

3/ o n th nh
phng trnh ho hc sau:
a. Mg + CO2 .

e. CuO + CO .

b. C + HNO3 c

f. Fe3O4 + CO

c. C + H2SO

d. CO + O2

g. CO

+ Ba(OH)2 .

h. CO2 + Ba(OH)

4/ Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:

Al Al(NO3)3 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Al Al4C3 CH4 CO2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CO2
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 CaCl2
...
...

...

60

...

...

...

...

5/ Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng khc nhau c th i u ch kh CO2.

...

...

...

...

6/ Ti sao khi sc kh CO2 vo nc vi trong li thy kt ta trng(dd tr nn c),nhng nu tip tc

sc kh CO2 vo dd th kt ta li tan?(dd trong sut).
...
...

...

...

...

7/

Vit pthh xy ra khi

a. Nung Ca(HCO3)2 n khi l-ng khng i
...

b. un si dung dch Ca(HCO3)2

...

c. Sc kh CO2 t t vo dd Ca(OH)2
...

d. Sc kh CO2 t t vo dd NaOH
...
8/ Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2 (kt )

o 100ml NaOH 1M. Tnh CM ca dd mui to thnh.

...

...

...

...

...

9/ Thi 3,36 lit CO2 (kc) vo 193,4g dd KOH 5,8%. Tm C% cc cht trong dung dch.
...

61

...

...

...

...

...

10/ Cho 4,48 lt kh CO2 (kt )

o 150ml NaOH 1M. Tnh khi ng mui to thnh.

...

...

...

...

...

11/ Dng kh CO kh 16g Fe2O3 ngi ta thu c sn phm kh.Dn ton b sn phm kh vo
99,12ml dd KOH 20%. (D =1,17g/ml).Hy tnh th tch kh CO dng(kc) v khi lng mui sinh ra.
...
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

12/ C cc s liu thc nghim sau:

-Cho 22,4 lt hn hp A gm 2 kh CO v CO2 i qua than nng (khng c mt khng kh) thu c
kh B c th tch ln hn th tch A l 5,6 lt.
-Dn B i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 20,25g mui.
Xc nh % theo th tch cc kh trong A.
...

...

...

...

...

62

...

...

...

...

Bi tp trc nghim:
1/ C hin tng g xy ra khi nh t t ti d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ba(HCO3)2?
A. Khng c hin tng g
B. C kt ta trng xut hin khng tan trong NaOH d
C. C kt ta trng xut hin trong tan NaOH d
D. C si bt kh khng mu thot ra.
2/ Cho 1,84g hn hp 2 mui gm XCO3 v YCO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 0,672 lt CO2 (ktc)
v dd X.Khi lng mui trong dd X l
A- 1,17g
B- 2,17g
C- 3,17g
D- 2,71g
3/ Cho 7g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng vi dd HCl thy thot ra V lt kh
(kc).Dung dch c cn thu c 9,2g mui khan.Gi tr ca V l
A- 4,48 lt
B- 3,48 lt
C- 4,84 lt
D- Kt qu khc
4/ Cho m gam hn hp mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2(kc) v 32,3g
mui clorua.Gi tr ca m l:
A- 27g
B- 28g
C- 29g
D- 30g
5/ Cho 3,12g hn hp mui natri cacbonat v kali cacbonat tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c V lt CO2
(kc) v 3,45g mui clorua.Gi tr ca V l :
A- 6,72 lt
B- 3,36 lt
C- 0,67 lt
D- 0,672 lt
6/ Cho 115g hn hp ACO3,B2CO3,R2CO3 tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,896 lt CO2(kc).C cn dd
sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng
A-120g
B- 115,44g
C- 110g
D- 116,22g
7/ Cho kh CO kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt kh thot ra(kc).Th tch
kh CO(kc) tham gia phn ng l
A- 1,12 lt
B- 2,24 lt
C- 3,36 lt
D- 4,48 lt
8/ Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam.
B. 8,3 gam.
C. 2,0 gam.
D. 4,0 gam.
9/ Kh hon ton 4g hn hp CuO v PbO bng kh CO nhit cao.Kh sinh ra sau phn ng c
dn vo bnh ng ddCa(OH)2 d thu c 10g kt ta.Khi lng hn hp Cu v Pb thu c l
A- 2,3g
B- 2,4g
C- 3,2g
D- 2,5g

BI 17
NI DUNG BI HC
A. Silic
I/ TNH CHT VT L:

SILIC V HP CHT CA SILIC

CU HI GI

63

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Silic c my dng th
hnh ? l nhng dng
no?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ TNH CHT HA HC
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
1/ Tnh kh:
a/ Tc dng vi phi kim:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

iu kin phn ng? Sp

to thnh? X vai tr
cht tham gia phn ng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
b/ Tc dng vi hp cht:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

iu kin phn ng? Sp

to thnh? X vai tr
cht tham gia phn ng?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
2/ Tnh cht oxh
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Ptpu? iu kin p? Vai

tr cc cht tham gia?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
IV/ NG DNG: SGK
V/ IU CH
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Trong cng nghip, silic

c iu ch bng cch
no?

64

B/ HP CHT CA SILIC
1/ Silic ioxit
L tnh:
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Nu vi c im vt l
ca SiO2?

Ha tnh:
.........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Tnh cht ha hc ca
SiO2 th hin r qua pu
ho hc no? Vit ptpu
chng minh?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
ng dng:
..........................................................................................................

Nu ng dng ca SiO2?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
II/ Axit silixit
L tnh:
..........................................................................................................

Nu vi c im vt l
ca H2SiO3?

..........................................................................................................
Ha tnh:
.........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Tnh cht ha hc ca
H2SiO3 th hin r qua pu
ho hc no? Vit ptpu
chng minh?

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
III/ Mui silicat

Tham kho SGK

65

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

Bi tp t lun:
1/ Thc hin dy chuyn ho sau :

SiO2SiNa2SiO3H2SiO3SiO2

...

...

...

...

2/ Vit phng trnh phn ng x r trong trng hp sau:

a/ Si + X2 ( X2 l F2 , Cl2 , Br2 ) ..
b/ Si + O2
c/ Si + Mg ..
d/ Si +
e/ SiO2 +

2SiO3

+ ?..........................................................

3/ Nhn bit cc cht rn:

a, Si, SiO2, Fe
...

...

...

...

...

...

b, SiO2, CaCO3, Na2CO3, NaNO3, Na2SiO3

...

...

...

66

...

...

...

...

...

4/ Tch mi cht rn sau ra khi hn hp: CaCO3, Na2CO3, SiO2.

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

5/ Cho hn hp silic v than c khi ng 20 gam tc dng vi ng d d ng d h

n
nng. Phn ng gii ph ng r
t kh hiro (kt ). Tnh th nh phn % khi ng ca silic trong hn
hp b n u. Gi thit phn ng xay ra hon ton.
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

6/ Hn hp rn A gm Si v MgO. Nu cho hn hp tc dng vi dung d h

d th th c 4,48
t kh (kt ). u cho hn hp trn vo dung dch HCl 0,8M th th tch dung dch HCl v phn
ng bng 150 ml. Tnh tng khi ng hn hp A.
...

...

...

67

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

7/ Cho a gam hn hp X gm Si v Al tc dng vi dung d h

d th c 1,792 lt hidro. Mt
kh
ng ng hn hp X nh tr n kh t dng vi dung d h
d th c 0,672 lt hidro.
Tnh a, bit rng cc th t h kh o kt
t dng vi dd NaOH theo phn ng :
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
...
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

8/ Khi cho 14,9 gam hn hp Si, Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung d h

th 6 7 t kh(kt ). ng
ng hn hp khi t dng vi d d ng d h
inh r
8 t kh(kt ). X nh thnh phn ca
hn hp trn. Bit Zn tan theo phn ng: Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
...
...

...

...

...

68

...

...

...

...

...

9/ Nung hh gm 4,8 gam SiO2 v 57,6 gam Mg. Hn hp thu -c cho

tc dng vi dd HCl d- thu -c 13,44 lit H2 (ktc).Xc nh khi
l-ng Si thu -c
...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

Bi tp trc nghim:
1. Khi ho nc tc dng vi oxit axit th axit s khng c to thnh, n oxit xit :
. bon ioxit
. L h nh ioxit
B. Si i ioxit
. i nit pent oxit
+
22/ hng trnh ion rt gn: 2H + SiO3 H2SiO3 ng vi phn ng ca cht n o

A.Axit cacboxilic v canxi silicat

B.Axit cacbonic v natri silicat
C.Axit clohidric v canxi silicat
D.Axit clohidric v natri silicat
3/ Si phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?
A. O2, C, F2, Mg, HCl, NaOH
C. O2, C, F2, Mg, HCl, KOH
B. O2, C, F2, Mg, NaOH
D. O2, C, Mg, HCl, NaOH
4/ Cho cc cht (1) MgO, (2) C, (3) KOH, (4)axit HF, (5)axit HCl. Silic ioxit phn ng vi tt c cc cht
trong nhm no sau y:
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,5
C. 1,3,4,5
D. 1,2,3,4
5/ Cacbon v silic cng phn ng vi nhm cht no:
A. HNO3 c nng, HCl, NaOH
C. O2, HNO3 long, H2SO4 c nng
B. NaOH, Al, Cl2
D. Al2O3, CaO, H2
6/ Silic th hin tnh oxi ho trong phn ng n o

SiF4
A. Si + F2

t
B. Si + O2 SiO2
o

69

Na2SiO3 + 2H2
C. Si + 2Mg Mg2Si
D. Si + 2NaOH + H2O
7/ S oxi ha cao nht ca Silic th hin hp cht no trong cc cht
:
A. SiO
B. SiO2
C. SiH4
D. Mg2Si
8/ khc ch ln th tinh ngi ta da vo phn ng n o
:
A. SiO2 + Mg 2MgO + Si
B. SiO2 + 2MaOH Na2SiO3 + CO2
C. SiO2 + HF SiF4 + 2H2O
D. SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + CO2
9/ Phn ng n o d ng i u ch silic trong cng nghip.
A. SiO2 + 2Mg Si + 2MgO
B. SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO
C. SiCl4 + 2Zn 2ZnCl2 + Si
D. SiH4 Si + 2H2
to

N TP KHI 11 - HC K I
Cu 1: Hon thnh cc pt phn ng sau (vit phng trnh ion th gn ca phn ng):

a. CaCO3 + HCl .
c. CaCl2 + .. CaCO3 +
e. Fe2(SO4)3 +.. K2SO4 + .
f. AlCl3 + .. Al(OH)3 +
h. Ba(HCO3)2 + Ba(OH)2

b. FeS + FeCl2 + ..
d. NH4Cl + Ba(OH)2
e. BaCO3 + Ba(NO3)2 +
g. Al(OH)3 + NaOH ..
i.
+ .. Fe(OH)3 +

Cu 2: Bng phng ph p h hc hy nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau:

a) KCl , K2CO3 , KNO3 , K3PO4
b) K2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4
c) NH4Cl, NH4NO3, (NH4)3PO4
d) HCl, NaOH, Na2S, Na2CO3
e) (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4NO3
f) NH4NO3, NaNO3 , NH4Cl, (NH4)3PO4
Cu 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng hon thnh chui chuyn ha sau (ghi r iu kin nu c):
a) NH4NO2N2NONO2HNO3Al(NO3)3Al(OH)3Al2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4NH4Cl
b) P P2O5 H3PO4 (NH4)3PO4

c)

C (1)

CO2

(2)

Na2CO3
2+

(3)
3+

NaHCO3
-

(4)

Na2CO3

Cu 4: Mt dung dch gm Fe (0,1 mol), Al (0,2 mol), Cl (x mol) v SO42- (y mol). Bit rng khi c cn
dung dch thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. Tnh x, y ?
Cu 5: trung ha 25 ml dd H2SO4 th phi dng ht 50ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Tnh CM ca dung dch axit.
Cu 6: Trn ln dung dch HCl 0,2M v dung dch H2SO4 0,1M theo t l 1:1 v th t h. trung ha
100ml dung d h th c cn bao nhiu ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,02M?
Cu 7: Cho 200 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,1M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,1M.
a) Tnh CM ca cc ion sau phn ng.
b) Tnh th tch dung d h
0 5M h t n ng kt ta trn.
Cu 8: Cho 0,08gam NaOH vo 100ml dd HCl 0,01M. Tnh pH ca dung d h th c?
Cu 9: Trn 20ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 20ml dd H2SO4 0,075M. Nu coi th t h dd th i khng ng k
th pH c dd th c l bao nhiu?
Cu 10: Cho 3,52g hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng v vi 100ml dung dch HNO3 o ng th c 448ml
kh duy nht khng mu ha nu trong khng kh ( kt ) d ng dch A.
a) Tnh % khi ng mi cht trong hn hp u.

70

b) Tnh nng mol/ lt ca dung dch thu c sau phn ng

c) C cn dung d h n ng n khi ng khng i th c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?
Cu 11: Cho 2,14 g hn hp A gm Cu v Al vo HNO3 c, ngui th c 1,12 lit kh duy nht (kt ).
Tnh % khi ng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
Cu 12: Chia hn hp Fe v Cu lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt cho vo dung dch HNO3 c, ngui th c 4,48 lt kh
n (kt ) bay ra.
- Phn hai cho vo dung dch HCl th c 2,24 lt kh H2 (kt ) bay ra
X nh thnh phn % v khi ng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp
Cu 13: Ha tan 27,6g hn hp Fe v FeO vo dd HNO3 o ng th c 7,84 lt kh khng mu ha thnh
n trong khng kh ( kt ). Tnh th nh phn % v khi ng ca cc cht trong hn hp.
Cu 14: Cho kh CO qua ng s cha 15,2g hn hp cht rn CuO v FeO, Al2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi
gi n th c hn hp kh B v 13,6g cht rn C. Cho hn hp kh B hp thu vo dd Ca(OH)2 d thy c
kt ta. Sau phn ng kt thc ly kt ta v sy kh. Tnh khi ng kt t th c.
Cu 15: Cho lung kh CO qua m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MgO, Al2O3 nung nng. Sau mt
thi gi n th c 3gam cht rn Y v kh Z. Hp th Z vo dd Ca(OH)2 d th c 5g kt ta. Tnh m?
Cu 16: Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO3 M 3 vo dd HCl thy c V lt kh thot ra ( kt ),
dung dch th e n th c 5,1 gam mui khan. Tnh V?
Cu 17: Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2 (kt ) o 100ml NaOH 1M. Tnh CM ca dung dch mui to thnh.
Cu 18: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO2 (kt ) o 150ml NaOH 1M. Tnh khi ng mui to thnh.
Cu 19: Tnh khi ng mui to thnh khi cho 11,2g KOH vo 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M.

71

CHNG IV:
BI 20:

I CNG V HA HC HU C
M U V HA HC HU C

NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I/ Khi nim v hp cht hu h hc h
. Th no l hp cht hu
. Ha hc h
.
.
.
.
.
II/ Phn loi hp cht hu c
. V s phn loi hp cht
. hu c
.
.
.
.
.
III/ c im chung ca hp cht hu c
1/ c im cu to:
. Lin kt ha hc ch yu
trong hp cht hu c?
.
2/ Tnh cht vt l
.
. Cho bit nhit nng chy v
tan ca hp cht hu c?
.
3/ Tnh cht ha hc
.

Cho bit vi tnh cht ha

. hc c bn ca hp cht
. hu c?
IV/ S lc v phn tch nguyn t
1/ Phn tch nh tnh SGK
2/ Phn tch nh lng
a/ Mc ch
.
. Cho bit mc ch ca vic

72

b/ Nguyn tc:
phn tch nh lng?
. Nguyn tc phn tch?
.
.
c/ Phng php tin hnh
.

Cch tin hnh phn tch

. nh lng nh th no?
.
.
d/ Biu thc tnh
.

Hy h thng li biu thc

. tnh khi lng cc nguyn
. t v biu thc tnh phn
trm nguyn t?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Bi tp:
1/ Oxi ha hon ton 0,6g hp cht h th c 6,72 lt CO2 (kt ) 0 7 g 2O. Tnh thnh phn
phn tr khi ng cc nguyn t trong A?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2/ t h ho n to n 0 9 g
th c 1,76 g CO2 v 1,08 g H2 . X nh % khi ng mi
nguyn t trong hp cht h .

73

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3/ t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (ch
) th c 11,62 g CO2 v 3,17 g H2 . X nh %
khi ng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4/ -caroten (cht h trong rt) c mu da cam. Nh tc dng ca enzim trong rut non, caroten chuyn thnh vitamin A nn n cn gi l ti n vitamin A. Oxi ha hon ton -caroten ri dn
sn ph oxi h q bnh ( ) ng dd H2SO
q bnh ( ) ng dd Ca(OH)2 d. t qu cho
th bnh ( ) tng 0 6 g; bnh ( ) 5g kt ta. Tnh phn tr khi ng cc nguyn t trong phn t
-caroten?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5/ Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln t qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2
cha KOH, th thy khi ng bnh tng n 0 7 g bnh tng th
0 96 g. th nghim khc, khi

74

nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi

th th
(kt ) kh nit. Tnh th nh phn phn tr ca cc
nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6/ Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln t qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha
d thy khi ng bnh tng 0 5 g bnh tng 0 88 g. Tnh th nh phn phn tr
a cc
nguyn t trong phn t cht A.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7/ A l mt cht h h cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht ngi ta thy to
thnh 3,60 g H2 . X nh thnh phn nh tnh nh ng ca cht A.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

75

BI 21:

CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C

Ni dung bi hc
I/ Cng thc n gin nht
1/ nh ngha
.
.
2/ Cch thit lp cng thc n gin nht
a/ T khi lng nguyn t
.
.
.
.

Cu hi gi
Th no l cng thc n
gin nht?

Cho bit cch lp cng

thc n gin nht t khi
lng nguyn t v phn
trm nguyn t? V d
minh ha?

b/ T thnh phn phn trm nguyn t

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
II/ Cng thc phn t
1/ nh ngha:
.
.

Th no cng thc phn

t?

.
.
2/ Quan h gia cng thc phn t v cng thc n gin nht
.
.
.
.

T VD sch gio khoa hy

nu nhn xt c bn v
mi quan h giu cng
thc n gin nht v cng
thc phn t? VD minh
ha?

76

.
.
.
.
.
.
3/ Cch lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c
a/ Da vo thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t
.
.
.

Da vo phn trm cc
nguyn t hy lp biu
thc tm x, y,z t CTTQ
CxHyOz? V d minh ha?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
b/ Thng qua cng thc n gin
.
.
.
.

V d minh ha?

.
.
.
.
.
3/ Tnh trc tip t sn ph t chy
.
.
Da vo khi lng sn

77

.
.
.

phm t chy c tm c
CT phn t hp cht hu
c khng?
V d minh ha

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bi tp:
1/ Tnh khi lng mol phn t cc cht sau:
a/ Cht A c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 2,07
b/ Th tch hi ca 3,3g cht X bng th tch ca 1,76g O2 (o cng iu kin)
.
.
.
.
.
.
2/ T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H
l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi khng kh gn bng 4,690.
.
.
.
.
.

78

.
.
3/ t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi ca
ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k ). Xc nh CTPT ca cht A.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4/ T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c
khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H =
8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol.
.
.
.
.
.
5/ Hp cht X c phn trm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol
phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6/ Hp cht Z c cng thc n gin nht l CH3O v c t khi hi so vi hidro l 31. Cng thc phn t
no sau y l ng ? A. CH3O B. C2H6O2
C. C2H6O
D. C3H9O3
.
.

79

.
.
7/ Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nilon 6.
.
.
.
.
.
8/ Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh
CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9/ Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:
a/ Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H; d A/H 2 = 28
.
.
.
.
b/ 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035
10/ t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28.
Xc nh CTPT ca A.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11/ t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O.

80

a/ Xc nh CTGN ca cht X.
b/ Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng th
tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12/ Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so
vi KK l 2,69.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
b/ t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH thy
bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht
, thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

81

BI 22:CU TRC PHN T PHN T HP CHT HU C

NI DUNG BI DAY
CU HI GI
I/ Cng thc cu to
1/ Khi nim
. Th no l cng thc cu
to?
.
2/ Cc loi cng thc cu to
a/ Cng thc cu to khai trin
. Nu vi v d v cng thc
. cu to khai trin v cng
thc cu to thu gn?
.
.
.
.
.
.
b/ Cng thc cu to thu gn
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
II/ Thuyt cu to ha hc
1/ Ni dung
.

Nu ba ni dung thuyt
. caau to ha hc? V d
minh ha?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

82

.
.
.
.
2/ ngha
.
. Cho bit ngha thuyt cu
to ha hc?
III/ ng ng, ng phn
1/ ng ng
a/ Khi nim:
.
. ng ng l g?
.
.
b/ V d minh ha
.
. Tm ng ng lin tip ca
phn t CH4, C2H4?
.
.
2/ ng phn
a/ Khi nim
.
. ng phn l g?
b/ V d minh ha
.
. Tm tt c ng phn ca
phn t C4H10, C4H8,
.
C4H10O
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
IV/ Lin kt ha hc v cu trc phn t hp cht hu c

83

.
.
a/ Lin kt n
.

Lin ht ch yu trong hp
cht h c l loi lin kt
no?

. Nu nhn xt v d bn lin
kt ?
.
.
b/ Lin kt i
.
. Trong lin kt i gm
nhng loi lin kt no? So
. snh v bn lin kt v
. lin kt ?
c/ Lin kt 3
.
.

Trong lin kt ba gm
. nhng loi lin kt no? So
. snh v bn lin kt v
lin kt ?
.
Bi tp t lun:
1/ Nhng cht no sau dy l ng ng hoc ng phn?
a. CH3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

g. CH 3 C CH 3

b. CH3 CH(CH3 ) CH 2 CH 3

h. CH 2 CH CH CH CH3

c. CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) CH 3

i. CH 3COCH 3

d. CH3 CH 2 CH CH 2

j. CH 2 CH CH 2 OH

e. CH 2 CH CH CH 2

k. CH3CH 2OH

f. CH3 C C CH 3

l. CH 3 CH 2 CH O .

.
.
.
.
Cu 2: Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn c cng thc phn t:
a/ C5H12
.
.

84

.
.
b/ C3H 8O
.
.
.
.
.
.
c/ C3H 7Cl
.
.
.
.
.
.
d/ C3H 9 N
.
.
.
.
.
.
e/ C3H 6 .
.
.
.
.
Cu 3: Xc nh s lin kt n, lin kt i, lin kt ba, lin kt , lin kt trong phn t mi cht sau:
a/ H 3N CH 2 CH 3

b/ H 2C CH CH CH 2

c/ HC C CH CH 2

d/ H 3C C(OH) O .

85

Trc nghim:
1/ Nung mt hp cht hu c X vi lng d cht oxi ha CuO ngi ta thy thot ra kh CO2, hi H2O
v kh N2. Chn kt lun chnh xc nht trong cc kt lun sau :
A. X chc chn cha C, H, N v c th c hoc khng c oxi. B. X l hp cht ca 3 nguyn t C, H, N.
C. Cht X chc chn c cha C, H, c th c N.
D. X l hp cht ca 4 nguyn t C, H, N, O.
2/ Cc cht trong nhm cht no di y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ?
A. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, NaCl, CH3Br, CH3CH2Br.
B. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH3Br, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CH2OH.
C. CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3Br, CH3CH3. D. HgCl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3CH2Br.
3/ Trong nhng dy cht sau y, dy no c cc cht l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. C2H5OH, CH3OCH3. B. CH3OCH3, CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH2CH2OH, C2H5OH.
D. C4H10, C6H6.
4/ Hai cht c CTCT H C O CH3 v CH3 O C H . Nhn xt no sau ng ?

||
O

||
O

A. CTPT v CTCT ca hai cht u ging nhau.

B. CTPT v CTCT ca hai
cht u khc nhau.
C. CTPT ging nhau, CTCT khc nhau.
D. CTPT ca hai cht khc nhau
v CTCT ging nhau.
5/ Cht no sau y l ng phn ca CH3COOCH3 ?
A. CH3CH2OCH3
B. CH3CH2COOH
C. CH3COCH3
D.
CH3CH2CH2OH
6/ Hai cht CH3 - CH2 - OH v CH3 - O - CH3 khc nhau v :
A. cng thc cu to
B. s nguyn t cacbon
B. cng thc phn t
D. tng s lin kt cng
ha tr

7/ Pht biu no sau y l sai ?

A. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
B. Cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng v thnh phn phn t khc nhau mt hay
nhiu nhm -CH2- l ng ng ca nhau.
C. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau.
D. Lin kt ba gm hai lin kt v mt lin kt .
8/ Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c lin kt vi nhau khng theo mt th t nht nh.
B. Cc cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2-, do tnh cht ha hc
khc nhau l nhng cht ng ng.
C. Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to c gi l cc cht ng
ng ca nhau.
D. Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau.
9/ Hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, chng ch hn km nhau mt hay
nhiu nhm metylen (-CH2-) c gi l hin tng
A. ng phn.
B. ng v.
C. ng ng.
D. ng khi.
10/ Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, c cha 1 vng 6 cnh v khng c cha lin kt ba. S lin
kt i trong phn t vitamin A l A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
11/ Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 l cht mu trong qu c chua, ch cha lin kt i v lin kt
n trong phn t. Hiro ha hon ton licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen c
A. 1 vng; 12 ni i.
B. 1 vng; 5 ni i.
C. 4 vng; 5 ni i.
D. mch h; 13 ni i.
12/ Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H9O2Cl l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
13/ Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H12O2 l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.

86

14/ Hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng : C (85,8%) v H (14,2%). Hp cht X l

A. C3H8.
B. C4H10.
C. C4H8.
D. kt qu khc.
15/ Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88. CTPT
ca X l: A. C4H10O.
B. C5H12O.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C4H8O2.
16/ Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t
ca hp cht l: A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H2O3.
C. C5H6O2.
D. C4H10O.
17/ Cht hu c X c M = 123 v khi lng C, H, O v N trong phn t theo th t t l vi 72 : 5 : 32 :
14. CTPT ca X l: A. C6H14O2N.
B. C6H6ON2.
C. C6H12ON.
D. C6H5O2N.
15/ t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 2 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24 gam. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng
15. CTPT ca X l: A. C2H6O.
B. CH2O.
C. C2H4O
D. CH2O2.
16/ Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C3H8O.
17/ t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi ca
X so vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. CTPT ca X l:
A. CH2O2.
B. C2H6.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O.

Bi 23:

PHN NG HU

NI DUNNG BI HC
I/ Phn loi phn ng hu c
1/ Phn ng th
nh ngha:...

CU HI GI
Th no l phn ng th?
V d minh ha

.
.
.
.
.
2/ Phn ng cng:
nh ngha:..
.

Th no l phn ng cng?
V d minh ha?

.
.
.
.
.
3/ Phn ng tch:
Th no phn ng tch? V
nh ngha:...
d minh ha?
.
.

87

.
.
.
.
. Nu vi c im c bn
trong ha hc hu c? V
II/ c im ca phn ng ha hc trong ha hc hu c
. d c th?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1/ Phn loi cc phn ng sau (phn ng th, phn ng cng, phn ng tch).
a/ C 6 H 6 + Br2 C6H 5Br + HBr
H SO ,t o

2
4
C 2 H 4 + H 2O
b/ C 2 H 5 OH

c/ C3H 6 + Br2 C3H 6 Br2

H

d/ C3H 6 + H 2 O C3 H 7 OH
KOH / ru / t 0

C 2 H 4 + HCl
e/ C2H 5Cl
p
f/ CH 3COOH + Cl2
Cl CH 2 COOH

2/ Cho 5,5 hn hp gm etanol C2H5OH propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH tc dng vi natri d thu c

1,12 lt hidro (ktc)
a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b/ Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng trong hn hp ban u?
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

88

..
..

Bi 24:

LUYN TP

NI DUNG BI HC
I/ L THUYT
1/ Th no l phn ng th? Phn ng cng? Phn ng tch?

CU HI GI

. Lm bi tp 7, 8 SGK
. trang 108
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

2/ Hp cht hu c c chia thnh my loi?

. Lm bi tp 1,2 SGK
.

trang 107

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

3/Cho bit mi h gia cc loi cong thc biu din hp cht hu c

. Lm bi tp 3, 4 SGK
.
.

trang 107.

89

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

4/ Th no l ng ng? ng phn?
.

Lm bi tp 5, 6 SGK

. trang 107
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

CHNG 5:
BI 25:

HIDROCACBON NO
ANKAN (PARAFIN)

NI DUNG BI HC
I/ ng ng, ng phn v danh php
1/ Dy ng ng ankan

CU HI GI

. Tm dy ng ng ca
. CH4? CTTQ?
.

nh ngha ankan?

.
.
.

2/ ng phn:
. T C my tr ln th c

. ng phn? V l loi

ng phn no? Vit tt

90

. c ng phn ca C5H12?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

3/ Danh php:
. Cch gi tn ankan dng
. mch thng? Tn gc

hidro cacbon no? VD

minh ha?
. Cch gi tn ankan mch
. c nhnh? V d minh
ha?
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

Bc C l g? Xc nh

. bc C trong cc v d
. trn?
.

II/ Tnh cht vt l

. Nu trng thi v tan
. ca ankan?
.
.
.
III/ Tnh cht ha hc:
.

V sao ankan d tham

. gia phn ng th hn
. phn ng cng?
.

1/ Phn ng th bi halogen

91

. Nu v d phn ng th
. gia CH4 , C3H8 v Cl2?

Gi tn sn phm?

. Rt ra kt lun v phn
. ng th?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

2/ Phn ng tch:
.
. Thc hin phn ng tch

H2 vi ankan C2H6,
C4H10? Gi tn sn
. phm?
.

Thc hin phn ng ct

. mch C (crackinh) vi
. ankan C3H8, C4H10? Gi
. tn sn phm?
.
.
.
.
.

3/ Phn ng oxi ha:

.
. Cc ankan khi chy hon
. ton to ra sn phm g?
.
.

IV/ iu ch:

Ptpu tng qut? VD c

th?

92

1/ Trong phng th nghim:

.
.
. Trong phng th nghim
. ngi ta iu ch CH4

2/ Trong cng nghip: (SGK)

V/ ng dng: SGK

bng cch no?

1/ Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ankan ng vi cng thc phn t C5H12 v C6H14. Gi tn theo
danh php thng v tn thay th.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
2/ Vit CTCT ca cc ankan c tn sau:
a. pentan, 2-metylbutan, isobutan v 2,2-imetylbutan.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
b. iso-pentan, neo-pentan, 3-etylpentan, 2,3-imetylpentan.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
3/ Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thng v danh php thay th:
a. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3;
b. CH3-(CH2)4-CH3
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3;
d. CH3-C(CH3)2-CH3
.....................................................................................................................................................................
4/ Gi tn cc cht sau theo danh php thay th.
a. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3
b. CH3-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH3
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c. CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH3
d. CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH2-CH3
.....................................................................................................................................................................
5/ Xc nh CTPT v vit CTCT c th c v gi tn theo danh php quc
t cc ankan sau:
a/ T khi hi ca A so vi H2 bng 36

93

.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
b/ Cng thc n gin nht ca B l C2H5
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c/ t chy hon ton 1 lt ankan sinh ra 2 lt CO2. Cc th tch kh
o cng iu kin
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
6/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca nhng phn ng sau:
a/ Propan tc dng vi clo (t l 1:1) khi chiu sng
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
b/ Tch 1 phn t hidro t propan
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c/ t chy hexan
.....................................................................................................................................................................
7/ t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hn hp kh metan v etan thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh thnh
phn phn trm v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
8/ t chy hon ton 3,6g ankan X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CT phn t X?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................

94

.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
9/ t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9 gam nc. Xc nh cng
thc ca X.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
10/ t chy hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng k tip nhau ta thu c 11,7g H2O v 17,6g CO2. Xc
nh CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon trn.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
11/ Mt hn hp gm 2 ankan X v Y l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 10,2 gam. t chy hon
ton hn hp cn 36,8 gam O2.
a. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh.
b. Tm CTPT ca 2 ankan
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
Trc nghim

95

1. Chn cu ng trong nhng cu sau :

A. Hirocacbon trong phn t c cc lin kt n l ankan.
B. Nhng hp cht trong phn t ch c cc lin kt n l ankan.
C. Nhng hirocacbon mch h trong phn t ch c lin kt n l
ankan.
D. Nhng hirocacbon mch h trong phn t cha t nht mt lin
kt n l ankan.
2. Ankan ha tan tt trong dung mi no sau y ?
A. N-c
B. Benzen C. Dung dch axit HCl
D.
Dung
dch
NaOH
3. Cho ankan X c cng thc cu to sau :
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 . Tn ca X l

|
CH3

|
CH3

A. 1,1,3-trimetylheptan
B. 2,4-imetylheptan
C. 2-metyl-4propylpentan D. 4,6-imetylheptan
4. C bao nhiu ankan ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C5H12
?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4.
5. Mt ankan m t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 2 c cng thc phn
t no sau y ?
A. C5H12
B. C6H14
C. C4H10
D. C3H8
6. Cho hn hp isohexan v Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1 ngoi nh sng
th thu -c sn phm chnh monobrom c cng thc cu to l
A. CH3CH2CH2CBr(CH3)2
B. CH3CH2CHBrCH(CH3)2
C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2Br D. CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2Br
7. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu -c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v
7,2 g n-c. Ctpt ca X l
A. C2H6
B. C3H8
C. C4H10
D.
Khng th xc nh -c
8. oxi ha hon ton mg mt HC X cn 17,92 lt O2 (ktc), -c 11,2
lt CO2(ktc). CTPT ca X l
A. C3H8
B. C4H10
C. C5H12
D. Khng th xc nh -c
9. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon thuc cng
dy ng ng cn dng 6,16 lt O2 v thu -c 3,36 lt CO2. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,3 g
B. 23 g
C. 3,2 g
D. 32 g
10. ng H2SO4 c, bnh (2) ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d- th khi l-ng
ca bnh (1) tng 6,3 g v bnh (2) c m gam kt ta xut hin. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 68,95 g
B. 59,1 g
C. 49,25 g
D. Kt qu khc

Bi 27:

LUYN TP : ANKAN

96

NI DUNG BI HC
1/ Ankan l g? Cng thc tng qut? Cch gi tn theo danh php tay th?
.
.
.

Lm bi tp 1SGK-trang
112

.
.
.
1.
.
.

2/ Ankan t C my c ng phn?
.
.
.
.
.
.

Vit v gi tn
tt c cc ng
phn c th c
ca C6H14?

.
.
.
.
.

3/ Ankan c kh nng tham gia nhng phn ng ha hc no?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Lm bi tp 2,
3, 4, 5, 6 SGK

97

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

CHNG VI:

HIDROCACBON KHNG NO

BI 29: ANKEN ( DY NG NG CA ETYLEN)

NI DUNG BAI HC
I/ ng ng, ng phn, danh php.
1/ ng ng anken

CU HI GI

Tm ng ng ca
etylen? CTTQ?
nh ngha anken?

.
.
.
.
.
2/ ng phn:
a/ ng phn cu to:
.
.

Anken t C my th c

98

.
.
.

ng phn? Vit tt c
cc ng phn mch C
v v tr ca anken
C4H18?

2/ ng phn hnh hc:

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Xt trong khng gian

ca CH3CH2=CH2CH3
Th trng hp no
cis, trng hp no
trans? iu kin c
ng phn cis-trans?

.
.

3/ Danh php:
a/ Tn thng:
.
.
.
.

Nu quy tc gi tn
thng? V d c th?

b/ Tn thay th:
.
.
.
.
.

Nu quy tc gi tn
thay th? V d c th?

.
.
.
.
.
II/ Tnh cht vt l:
.
.
.

Nu trng thi v tnh

99

.
III/ Tnh cht ha hc
.
.
1/ Phn ng cng:
a/ Cng H2
.
.

tan cua anken?

V sao anken d tham
gia phn ng cng hn
phn ng th?
iu kin phn ng?
Sn phm? VD c th?

.
.
b/ Cng halogen
.
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm? V d c
th?

.
.
.
c/ Cng HX (X l OH, Cl-, Br-)
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm ? V d c
th? TRng hp no
to ra nhiu ng
phn? VD? u qui tc
Maccopnhicop?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Th no l phn ng
trng hp? V d c
th?

.
.
.
.
2/ Phn ng trng hp
.
.
.

Cch gi tn polime
to thnh?

100

.
.
.
.
.

Anken khi chy hon

ton tao sn phm
no? TPPU tng qut?
V d c th?

.
.
3/ Phn ng oxi ha
a/ Oxi ha hon ton
.
.

Anken c th lm mt
mu nhng ha cht
no? Vit phng
trnh phn ng chng
minh?

.
.
b/ Oxi ha khng hon ton
.

Etlen c iu ch
nh th no?

.
.
.
IV/ iu ch
a/ Trong phng th nghim
.

Trong cong nghip,

etylen c iu ch
bng cch no?

.
.
2/ Trong cng nghip
.
.
.
V/ ng dng: SGK
1/ Vit CTCT cc anken c tn gi sau:
a. Butilen,
2-metylbut-2-en, pent-1-en,
2,3-imetylpent-2-en.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
b. Propilen,
hex-1-en,
etilen,
2-metylpent-1-en,
iso-butilen.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
2/ Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th
a. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3,
CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3,
CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

101

b. CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3,
CH2=CH-CH3,
CH2=CH2.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
3/ Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
Ni, t 0

a. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 +
H2
..
b. CH2=CH-CH3
+
Br2
.
c. CH2=C(CH3)-CH3
+
HBr

.
d. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 +
H2O

.
e. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 +
HBr

f. C2H4 +

O2
0

g. nCH2=CH2

p, xt, t

..
0

h. nCH2=CH-CH3

p, xt, t

..
p, xt, t 0

i. nCH2=CHCl ..
4/ Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau i t cc cht hu c tng ng.
PE.
PVC.
Etilen
Propilen
2-clopropan.
Ancol etylic
5/ Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3,
CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. Cht no c ng phn hnh hc? Vit CTCT cc ng phn cis-trans ca n.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
6/ Vit ph-ng trnh biu din bin ha sau:
a/hecxan butan etilen etylclorua etilen PE
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

102

b/C3H7OH C3H6 C3H8 C2H4 C2H4(OH)2

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
7/ Ng-i ta mun iu ch 21 g etilen:
a/Tnh khi l-ng r-u etylic nguyn cht phi dng nu hiu
sut 100%
b/Tnh th tch etan (kc) phi dng nu hiu sut l 80%?
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
8/ Dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch brom thy dung dch b nht mu
v khng c kh thot ra. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng 4,9 gam.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
9/ Dn t t 4,48 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dd brom d thy c 80 gam brom phn ng.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

103

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
10/ t chy hon ton 4.48 lt hh 2 anken X (ktc) l k tip nhau thu c 11.2 lt CO2 (ktc).
a/ Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b/ Tnh % th tch mi anken trong hn hp ban u.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
11/ t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k tip nhau cn 26.88 lt kh oxi.
a/ Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b/ Cho hn hp X qua dung dch brom d, tnh khi lng brom tham gia phn ng.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

104

......................................................................................................................................................................
1.
phn bit etan v eten, dng phn ng no l thun tin
nht ?
A. Phn ng t chy.
B. Phn ng cng
vi hiro.
C. Phn ng cng vi n-c brom.
D. Phn ng trng hp.
2/ Anken X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3. Tn ca X l
A. isohexan.
B. 3-metylpent-3-en.
C. 3-metylpent-2-en.
D. 2-etylbut-2-en.
3/ Hp cht C5H10 c bao nhiu ng phn anken ?
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7
4/ Cho cc cht sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3);
3-metylpent-2-en (4); Nhng cht no l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. (3) v (4).
B. (1), (2) v (3).
C. (1) v (2). D. (2), (3) v (4).
5/ Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc (cis-trans) ?
CH3CH=CH2 (I); CH3CH=CHCl (II); CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (III); C2H5C(CH3)=C(CH3)C2H5 (IV); C2H5
C(CH3)=CClCH3 (V).
A. (I), (IV), (V).
B. (II), (IV), (V).
C. (III), (IV).
D. (II), III, (IV), (V).
6/ Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2; CH2=CHCH=CHCH2CH3;
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2; CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2; CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3; CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2CH3;
CH3CH2C(CH3)=C(C2H5)CH(CH3)2; CH3CH=CHCH3. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l:
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3
7/ p dng quy tc Maccopnhicop vo trng hp no sau y ?
A. Phn ng cng ca Br2 vi anken i xng.C. Pu cng ca HX vo anken i xng.
B. Phn ng trng hp ca anken.
D. Phn ng cng ca HX vo anken bt i xng.
8/ Khi cho but-1-en tc dng vi dung dch HBr, theo qui tc Maccopnhicop sn phm no sau y l sn
phm chnh ?
A. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH2Br.
C. CH3-CH2-CHBr-CH3.
B. CH2Br-CH2-CH2-CH2Br .
D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2Br.
9/ Trng hp eten, sn phm thu c c cu to l:
A. (-CH2=CH2-)n .
B. (-CH2-CH2-)n .
C. (-CH=CH-)n. D. (-CH3-CH3-)n .
10/ Oxi ho etilen bng dung dch KMnO4 thu c sn phm l:
A. MnO2, C2H4(OH)2, KOH.
C. K2CO3, H2O, MnO2.
B. C2H5OH, MnO2, KOH.
D. C2H4(OH)2, K2CO3, MnO2.
11/ Khi lng etilen thu c khi un nng 230 gam ru etylic vi H2SO4 m c, hiu sut phn ng
t 40% l: A. 56 gam.
B. 84 gam.
C. 196 gam.
D. 350 gam.
12/ Cho 3,36 lt hn hp etan v etilen (ktc) i chm qua qua dd brom d. Sau phn ng khi lng
bnh brom tng thm 2,8 gam. S mol etan v etilen trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 0,05 v 0,1.
B. 0,1 v 0,05.
C. 0,12 v 0,03.
D. 0,03 v 0,12.
13/ Hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng lin tip c th tch 4,48 lt ( ktc). Nu cho hn hp X i qua
bnh ng nc brom d, khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8 gam. % th tch ca mt trong 2 anken l:
A. 50%.
B. 40%.
C. 70%.
D. 80%.
14/ Dn 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip vo bnh nc brom d, thy khi
lng bnh tng thm 7,7 gam. CTPT ca 2 anken l:
A. C2H4 v C3H6.
B. C3H6 v C4H8.
C. C4H8 v C5H10.
D. C5H10 v C6H12.
15/ Hn hp X gm metan v 1 olefin. Cho 10,8 lt hn hp X qua dung dch brom d thy c 1 cht kh
bay ra, t chy hon ton kh ny thu c 5,544 gam CO2. Thnh phn % v th tch metan v olefin
trong hn hp X l:
A. 26,13% v 73,87%.
B. 36,5% v 63,5%.
C. 20% v 80%. D. 73,9% v 26,1%.

105

BI 30: ANKADIEN
NI DUNG BI HC
I/ nh ngha v phn loi
1/ nh ngha:
.
.
.

CU HI GI

Th no l ankadien?
V d minh ha? Tn
gi ca ankadien?

.
.
.
.
.

2/ Phn loi
.
.
.
.

Cho bit loi ankadien

no c nhiu ng dng
trong thc t? V d c
th?

II/ Tnh cht ha hc:

1/ Phn ng cng
a/ Cng hidro:
.
.

V d minh ha?

b/ Cng brom
.
.
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm chnh to
thnh cho tng kiu
cng?

.
.
.
.
.

c/ Cng halogenua
.

iu kin phn ng?

106

.
.
.

Sn phm chnh to
thnh cho tng kiu
cng?

.
.

2/ Phn ng trng hp
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm to thnh?

.
.
.
.

3/ Phn ng oxi ha
a/ Oxi ha hon ton
.

VD?

b/ oxi ha khng hon ton

.
.

Tng t anken

III/ iu ch:
.
.
.

Butadien c iu
ch bng cch no? PT
phn ng?

.
.
.

IV/ ng dng SGK

1/ Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng gia cc cht sau y theo t l s mol
1:1
a/Butaien-1,3 v clo
b/ Butaien-1,3 v HBr
c/Isopren v Brom
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

107

......................................................................................................................................................................
2/ Ng-i ta c th iu ch cao su butaien t g theo s cc qa
trnh chuyn ha sau:
G

35%

C6H12O6

80%
C6H12O6

2C2H5OH +

2CO2
60%
100%
2C2H5OH

C4H6 + 2H2O+H2, nC4H6

(C4H6)nTnh l-ng g cn sn
xut 1 tn cao su?
......................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
3/ t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X th kh thu -c 0,14 mol CO2
v 1,89g H2O
a/Tm CTPT v CTCT ca X bit X c th trng hp to thnh cao
su
b/Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng ca X vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 v
gi tn sn phm
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
4/ Mt hirocacbon A th kh c th tch l 4,48 lt (kc) tc dng
va vi 4 lt dung dch Brom 0,1M thu -c sn phm B cha 85,562%
Br
a/Tm CTPT vit CTCT c th c ca A v B bit rng A mch h
b/Xc nh CTCT ng ca A bit rng A trng hp to thnh
cao su. Vit ph-ng trnh phn ng?
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

108

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

BI 31: LUYN TP ANKEN V ANKADIEN

CTTQ
BT7-SGK

Cu to:
BT2-SGK

Tnh cht ha
hc c trng:

BT3,5 SGK

Anken
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

Ankadien
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

109

iu ch:
BT1,4-SGK

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

BI 32: ANKIN
NI DUNG BAI HC

CU HI GI

110

I/ ng ng, ng phn, danh php.

1/ ng ng ankin
.
.
.

Tm ng ng ca
axetylen? CTTQ?
nh ngha ankin?

.
.
.
2/ ng phn:
.
.
.
.

Ankin t C my th c
ng phn? Vit tt c
cc ng phn mch C
v v tr ca ankin
C4H6?

3/ Danh php:
a/ Tn thng:
.
.

Nu quy tc gi tn
thng? V d c th?

.
.
.

b/ Tn thay th:
.
.

Nu quy tc gi tn
thay th? V d c th?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
II/ Tnh cht vt l:
.
.
.

Nu trng thi v tnh

tan cua anken?

111

.
III/ Tnh cht ha hc
.
.
1/ Phn ng cng:
a/ Cng H2
.
.

V sao anken d tham

gia phn ng cng hn
phn ng th?
iu kin phn ng?
Sn phm? VD c th?

.
.
b/ Cng brom, clo
.
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm? V d c
th?

.
.
.
c/ Cng HX (X l OH, Cl-, Br-)
.
.
.

iu kin phn ng?

Sn phm ? V d c
th?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
d/ Phn ng ime v trime ha
.
.
.

Phng trnh phn

ng?

112

.
.
.
2/ Phn ng th bi ion kim loi
.
.
.

Nhng ankin no c
kh nng p vi ion
kim loi? Vit ptpu
chng minh?

.
.
.
3/ Phn ng oxi ha
a/ Oxi ha hon ton
.
.
.
.

Ankin khi chy hon

ton tao sn phm
no? TPPU tng qut?
V d c th?

b/ Oxi ha khng hon ton

.
.
.

Ankin c th lm mt
mu nhng ha cht
no?

.
IV/ iu ch
Trong phng th nghim:
.
.
.
Trong cng nghip
.
.
.
V/ ng dng: SGK

1/ Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:

0

a. CHC-CH3

H2

Ni, t

b. CHC-CH3

H2

Pd, PbCO3 , t

c. CHC-CH3

Br2

2/ Thc hin chui phn ng sau:

Axetilen c iu
ch nh th no trong
PTN v trong CN?

113

a/ CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 Bc axetilua C2H2 etilen PE

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
b/Butan etan etylclorua etan r-u etylic ivinyl butan
metan etin benzen
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
c/Propan metan axetilen vinylaxetilen butan etilen
etilen glicol
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
3/Nhn bit cc ha cht sau:
a/metan, etilen v axetilen
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
b/Butin-1 v Butin-2

114

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................
c/Butan, Buten-1, Butin-1 v Butin-2
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................
d/Butaien, axetilen v etan
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......................................................................................................................................................................
4a/ iu ch PVC t vi v than
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................

b/ T CH4 v cc ha cht cn thit khc, hy vit PTHH iu ch: Cao su buna, PE v PVC.
......................................................................................................................................................................
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115

......................................................................................................................................................................
5/ Cho CaC2 k thut (cha 80% CaC2 nguyn cht) vo mt l-ng n-c c
d- th -c 8,96 lt kh (kc).
a/Tnh khi l-ng canxi cacbua k thut dng
b/Tnh th tch kh Oxi cn t chy hon ton l-ng kh
sinh ra
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
6/ Cht do PVC -c iu ch t kh thin nhin theo s sau (hs:
hiu sut)
hs:15%
hs:95%
hs:90%
C2H2
CH2=CH-Cl
PVC.
CH4
Hi cn bao nhiu m3
kh thin nhin (kc) iu ch -c 1 tn PVC (bit CH4 chim 95%
th tch kh thin nhin)
......................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
7/ t chy 22,4 dm3 hn hp etan v axetilen thu -c 35,84 dm3 CO2
a/Tnh s mol metan v axetin c trong 22,4 dm3 hn hp
b/Tnh s gam Oxi cn thit t chy hon ton 22,4 dm3 hn
hp
c/Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp kh i vi khng kh. Cc
th tch kh o ktc
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
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116

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8/ Mt hn hp gm hiro, mt ankan v mt ankin. Hai hirocacbon ny
c cung s nguyn t C. t chy 100 cm3 hn hp trn thu -c 210 cm3
kh CO2. Nu un nng 100 cm3 hn hp vi bt Ni th ch cn 70 cm3 mt
hirocacbon duy nht. Cc th tch cc kh o cng iu kin
a/Tm CTPT ca hai hirocacbon trn v thnh phn % theo th
tch ca hn hp u
b/Tnh th tch kh Oxi t chy 100 cm3 hn hp?
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................1
1/ Cht no trong 4 cht di y c th tham gia c 4 phn ng: Phn ng chy trong oxi, phn ng
cng brom, phn ng cng hiro (xc tc Ni, to), phn ng th vi dd AgNO3 /NH3
A. etan.
B. etilen.
C. axetilen.
D. xiclopropan.
2/ Cu no sau y sai ?
A. Ankin c s ng phn t hn anken tng ng.
B. Ankin tng t anken u c ng phn hnh hc.
C. Hai ankin u dy khng c ng phn.
D. Butin c 2 ng phn v tr nhm chc

3/ Cho phn ng : C2H2 + H2O

A . A l cht no di y ?
A. CH2=CHOH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH3COOH.
D. C2H5OH.
4/ Cho s phn ng sau: CH3-CCH + AgNO3/ NH3 X + NH4NO3 X c cng thc cu to l:
A. CH3-CAgCAg.
B. CH3-CCAg. C. AgCH2-CCAg. D. A, B, C u c th ng.
5/ Ankin no sau y khng tc dng -c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ?

117

A. Axetilen
B. Propin
C. But-2-in
D. Pent-1-in
6/ phn bit 3 kh C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 ng-i ta dng cc thuc th l
A. dung dch KMnO4
B. H2O, H+
C.
dung
dch
AgNO3/NH3
sau

l
dung
dch
Br2
D. C B v C
7/ Cho dy chuyn ho sau: CH4 A B C Cao su buna. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C4H6.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C4H4.
D. C4H10.
8/ Cht no sau y khng iu ch trc tip c axetilen ?
A. Ag2C2.
B. CH4.
C. Al4C3.
D. CaC2.
9/ lm sch etilen c ln axetilen ta cho hn hp i qua dd no sau y ?
A. dd brom d.
B. dd KMnO4 d.
C. dd AgNO3 /NH3 d.
D. cc cch trn u ng.
10/ nhn bit cc bnh ring bit ng cc kh khng mu sau y: SO2, C2H2, NH3 ta c th dng ho
cht no sau y ?
A. Dd AgNO3/NH3.
B. Dd Ca(OH)2
C. Qu tm m.
D. Dd NaOH
11/ 4 gam mt ankin X c th lm mt mu ti a 100 ml dung dch Br2 2M. CTPT X l
A. C5H8 .
B. C2H2.
C. C3H4.
D. C4H6.

BI 33: LUYN TP ANKIN

NI DUNG BI HC
1/ Cng thc tng qut:

CU HI GI

Cho bit CTTQ ankin?

BT 6,7-SGK-147

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

2/ Tnh cht ha hc
.
.
.
.
.
.

Ankin tham gia phn

ng ha hc c bn
no?
BT 2,5 SGK-147

118

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3/ iu ch ankin
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Axetilen c iu
ch nh th no trong
phng th nghim v
trong cng nghip?
BT 3, 4 SGK

119

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5/ S chuyn ha qua li gia ankan, anken v ankin:
.
.
.

Cho bit s chuyn

ha gia cc
hidrocacbon trn?
BT 1-SGK-147

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Chng VII

BI 35

HIDROCACBON THM.
NGUN HIDROCACBON THIN NHIN
H THNG HA V HIDROCACBON
BENZEN V NG NG.
MT S HIDROCACBON THM KHC

120

NI DUNG BI DY
A/ BENZEN V NG NG
I/ ng ng, ng phn v danh php
1/ Dy ng ng ca benzen

CU HI GI

Tm ng ng ca
C6H6? CTTQ?

.
.

2/ ng phn, danh php

a/ ng phn
.
.
.
.

T C my tr ln th c
ng phn? l loi
ng phn no? Vit
cc ng phn ca
C9H12?

.
.
.
.

b/ Danh php
.
.
.

Nu qui tc gi tn h
thng? Gi tn cc
ng phn trn ?

3/ Cu to:
.
.

Cho bit cng thc cu

to ca benzene?

.
.

II/ Tnh cht vt l

.
.
.

Cho bit trng thi,

mu sc v tan cua
benzene?

III/ Tnh cht ha hc

.
.

1/ Phn ng th:
a/ Th nguyn t H vng benzene
+ Phn ng vi halogen
.
.

iu kin p? Vit ptpu

gia benzene v

121

.
.

toluene vi brom khan?

Gi tn sn phm?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

+ Phn ng vi axit nitric

.
.
.
.

k phn ng? Vit ptpu

gia benzene v
toluene vi HNO3 ?
Gi tn sn phm?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Nu qui tc th trn
vng benzene?

b/ Phn ng th nguyn t H mch nhnh

.
.

Pt phn ng?

.
.

2/ Phn ng cng
a/ Cng hidro
.
.

VD minh ha?

122

b/ Cng clo
.
.

VD minh ha?

.
.

3/ Phn ng oxi ha
a/ Oxi ha khng hon ton
.
.
.
.

HC thm no c kh
nng lm mt mu dd
KMnO4? Vit ptpu?

.
.

b/ Oxi ha hon ton

.
.
.

Vit ptpu dng tng

qut?

B/ MT VI HIDROCACBON THM KHC

I/ STIREN
1/ Cu to v tnh cht vt l
.
.
.

Vit CTCT ca stiren?

Nu vi c im vt
l?

.
.

2/ Tnh cht ha hc:

.
.
.
a/ Phn ng vi dd Br2

V sao striren va c
tnh cht ca anken va
c tnh cht ca
benzene?

.
.
.

b/ Phn ng vi hidro
.

Vit ptpu?

123

Vit ptpu? Gi tn sp?

.
.

c/ Phn ng trng hp
.
.

Vit ptpu? Gi tn sp?

.
.

II/ NAPHTALEN (SGK)

C/ NG DNG (SGK)
1/ Vit CTCT cc ng phn benzen ng vi CTPT C8H10 v gi tn cc ng phn .
Cu 16. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
0

a. C6H5CH3

Br2

b. C6H5CH3

Br2

Fe, t

c. C6H5CH3
d. C6H5CH=CH2
e. C6H5CH=CH2

+
+
+

HNO3(c)
Br2
HBr

H2SO4 (
c), t

p, xt, t 0

e. nC6H5CH=CH2
2/ Trnh b phng ph p ho hc phn bit cc cht v vit pt ho hc ca cc phn ng d ng.
a/ benzen, hex -1- en v toluen.
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................
b/ benzen, stiren, toluen v hex-1-in.
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
3/ T butan, cc cht i u kin cn thit, vit
phng trnh h hc ca phn ng i u ch
etylbenzen, polistiren.
......................................................................................................................................................................
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124

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
4/ Cho benzen tc dng vi ng d
3 c xt H2SO4 i u ch nitrobenzen. vi hiu sut 78,0%.
a/ Tnh khi ng nitrobenzen th c khi dng 100 kg benzen
b/ Tnh khi ng benzen cn thit i u ch c 100 kg nitrobenzen
......................................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................................
5/ Cho 92,0 kg toluen tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 d (x t
xit 2SO4 c) to thnh 2,4,6trinitrotoluen (TNT). Bit hiu sut phn ng t 90%. Hy tnh:
a. Khi ng T T th c.
b. Khi ng axit HNO3 phn ng.
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6. Ankylbenzen X c phn tr khi ng cacbon bng 91,31%
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
b. Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn cht X
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
7/ Tnh ng obenzen th c khi cho 15,6g benzen tc dng ht vi clo (xt bt Fe) hiu sut phn
ng t 80% .
......................................................................................................................................................................
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125

......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................
8/ t chy hon ton 5,36g hn hp X gm etilen v benzen th cn v 17,28g kh oxi.
a. Tnh % khi ng mi kh trong hh b n u
b. Tnh th tch kh CO2 th c k
c. Nu dn ton b ng CO2 th
o 00 dd
M Th th c nhng mui g? Khi
ng mi mui l bao nhiu?
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9/ Cho 23kg toluen tc dng vi hn hp gm 88kg HNO3 66% v 74kg H2SO4 96%. Gi s toluen v
trinitro to en c tch ht khi hh xit n d. Tnh khi ng T T th c v khi ng ca
hh xit n d.
......................................................................................................................................................................
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126

C 2 H 4, xt ,t 0
xt ,t 0
10/ T benzen i u ch tiren theo sau : C6H6
C6H5-CH2-CH3
C6H5-CH=CH2
a. Tnh khi ng tiren th c t 780 kg benzen, bit hiu sut c qu trnh 80%
b. Tnh khi ng benzen cn thit i u ch c 208 kg stiren, bit hiu sut c qu trnh 90%
c. Tnh khi ng tiren th c t 780 kg benzen, bit hiu sut phng trnh ( ) 80% phng
trnh (2) l 90%.
......................................................................................................................................................................

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BI 36:

LUYN TP-HIDROOOCACBON THM

NI DUNG B I HC
I/ L thuyt:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

II/ Bi tp:
1/ Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn hidrooocacbon c cng thc phn t
C8H10? C8H8? Trong s cc ng phn , ng phn no phn ng c
vi dd Br2? HBr? Vit phng trnh ha hc din ra?
.

Cho bit cu to v
tnh cht ha hc
ca HC thm?

127

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

2/ Trnh by phng php ha hc phn bit 3 cht lng sau: benzene ,

stiren, toluene v hex-1-in?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

3/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng iu ch:

+ etylllen, axetilen t metan?
.
.

+clobenzen v nitrobenzene t benzene v cc cht v c cn thit khc?

.
.
.
.

128

.
4/ Cho 23g toluene cho tc dng vi dd HNO3 v H2SO4 (Xc tc). Gi s
ton b toluene chuyn ha thnh 2,4,6-tri nitrotoluen(TNT). Hy tnh:
a/ Khi lng TNT thu c
.
.
.
.
.
b/ Khi lng HNO3 phn ng?
.
.
.
.
.
5/ Ankylbenzen X c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 91,31%
a/ Tm cng thc phn t X?
b/ Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn X?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6/ Hidrocacbon X t lng c phn trm khi lng H l 7,7%. X tc dng
c vi dd Br2. Cng thc phn t no sau y l ca X?
A. C2H2

B. C4H4

C. C6H6

D. C8H8

.
.
.
.
.

129

Bi 37:

NGUN HIDROCACBON THIN NHIN

NI DUNG BI HC
I/ Du m

CU HI GI

. Du m c u? Gm
. bao nhiu lp? l
.

nhng lp no?

1/ Thnh phn
.

Thnh phn chnh trong

. du m gm nhng
. g?Nu c th ra?
.
.
.
.
.

2/ Khai thc:

. Ngi ta khai thc du

.

m bng cch no?

.
.

3/ Ch bin
a/ Chng ct:
.

Da vo tnh cht no

. ca du m m ngi ta
. thc hin pp chng ct?
.
b/ Ch bin ha hc:
- Crackinh:
.
. VD minh ha?
.
.
.
- Rifominh
.

130

.
. VD minh ha?
.
.
.
.
4/ ng dng: SGK
II/ Kh tin nhin v kh m du
1/ Thnh phn:
- Kh thin nhin:
.
.
.
.
-

Cho bit thanh 2phan62

ca kh thin nhin?

Kh m du:

.
.

Cho bit thnh phn

chnh ca kh m du?

.
2/ ng dng: SGK

III/ Than m
Than m:
.
.
.

Than m c hnh thnh

. t u? Gm nhng
. thnh phn c bn no?
Kh l cc:
.
.
.

Nha than :

Thnh phn c bn ca

. kh l cc?
.
.

. Thnh phn c bn ca

nha than ?

131

Bi 38:
H THNG
I/ H thng ha v hidrocacbon
ANKAN

HA V HIDROCACBON

ANKEN

ANKIN

ANKYLBENZEN

CTPT
cu
to
phn
t

Tnh
cht
vt l

Tnh
cht
ha
hc

iu
ch

II/ S chuyn ha gia cc loi hidrocabon

132

Bi tp:
1/ SGK
2/ Trnh by phng php ha hc
a/ Phn bit cc kh: H2, O2 , CH4, C2H4, C2H2

b/ Tch ring CH4 t hn hp vi lng nh cc kh C2H4 v C2H2?

3/ Vit pt ha hc thc hin s chuyn ha sau:

a/ Etan etilen propilen

b/ Metan axetilen vinylaxetilen butadien polibutadien

133

c/ benzene brombenzen

4/ SGK
5/ Khi t chy hon ton hidrocacbon X (l hp cht lng k thng) thu c CO2 v
H2O c s mol theo t l 2:1. Cng thc ca X c th l cng thc no?
A/ C4H4
B/ C5H12
C/ C6H6
D/ C2H2

CHNG 8 : DN XUT HALOGEN, ANCOL, PHENOL

BI 39: DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON
NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I/ Khi nim, phn loi
1/ Khi nim
..
.. Th no l dn xut
halogen? V d minh
.. ha?
..
..
..
..
..
2/ Phn loi
..

Nu mt s dn xut
.. halogen thng gp?
.. VD minh ha?
..
..
.. Th no bc dn
.. xut halogen? VD?
..
..
..

134

II/ Tnh cht vt l

.. Nu vi c im vt
.. l ca dn xut
halogen?
..
..
..
III/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ Phn ng th nhm halogen bng nhm OH
.. iu kin phn ng?
Phng trnh phn
.. ng xy ra dng tng
.. qut v v d c th?
..
2/ Phn ng tch hiro halogenua
..
.. iu kin phn ng
v v d c th?
..
..
IV/ ng dng
1/ Lm nguyn liu tng hp hu c
.. Nu vi ng dng v
.. phng trnh phn
ng chng minh?
..
..
..
..
..
..
2/ Lm dung mi
.. VD c th?
..
3/ Cc lnh vc khc (SGK)

1/ Gi tn mi cht sau: CH3CH2Cl, CH2=CH-CH2Cl, CHCl3, C6H5Cl. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca

phn ng iu ch mi cht trn t hidrocac bon tng ng?

135

2/Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng thy phn cc cht sau trong dung dch NaOH:
1,2-icloetan
Benzylclorua
Anlylclorua
3/ T axetylen, vit phng trnh ha hc ca nhng phn ng iu ch
Etylbromua ..

1,2-ibrometan:
.
Vinylclorua
1,1-ibrometan:
.
4/ Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng x r theo sau :
+H2O

C2H4
+Cl2

+KOH/C2H5OH

to,xt

(polime)

.
.
.
.
1/ Phng php iu ch no di y gip ta thu c 2clobutan tinh khit hn c?
A. Butan tc dng vi Cl2, chiu sng, t l 1:1.
B. But2en tc dng vi hiro clorua
C. But1en tc dng vi hiro clorua
D. Buta1,3ien tc dng vi hiro clorua
o
2/ Teflon l mt polime bn vi nhit ti trn 300 C nn c dng lm lp che ph chng bm dnh cho
xoong, cho, thng cha. Teflon c tng hp t
A. CH2 = CHCl.
B. CHF = CH
C. CH2 = CHF.
D. CF2 = CF2.
3/ Hi 1,1-ibrombutan tc dng hon ton vi dd ancol ca kali hiroxit to nn hp cht hu c g?
A. CH3 CH2CH2CH2OH
B. CH3 CH2CH2CHO
C. CH C CH2CH3
D. CH3 CH= CH CH3
4/ C bao nhiu ng phn mch h cng c cng thc phn t C4H9Br?

136

A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
5/ Mt hp cht hu c Z c % khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l : 14,28% ; 1,19% ; 84,53%. CTPT ca
Z l
A. CHCl2.
B. C2H2Cl4.
C. C2H4Cl2.
D. mt kt qu khc.
6/ Dn xut halogen khng c ng phn cis-trans l
A. CHCl=CHCl.
B. CH2=CH-CH2F.
C. CH3CH=CBrCH3. D. CH3CH2CH=CHCHClCH3.
7/ Cho cc cht sau: C6H5CH2Cl ; CH3CHClCH3 ; Br2CHCH3 ; CH2=CHCH2Cl. Tn gi ca cc cht trn
ln lt l
A. benzyl clorua ; isopropyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; anlyl clorua.
B. benzyl clorua ; 2-clopropan ; 1,2-ibrometan ;1-cloprop-2-en.
C. phenyl clorua ; isopropylclorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
D. benzyl clorua ; n-propyl clorua ; 1,1-ibrometan ; 1-cloprop-2-en.
8/ Thy phn dn xut halogen no sau y s thu c ancol ?
(1) CH3CH2Cl.
(2) CH3CH=CHCl.
(3) C6H5CH2Cl.
(4) C6H5Cl.
A. (1), (3).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D.(1), (2), (3), (4).
9/ Cho s phn ng sau : CH4 X Y Z T C6H5OH. (X, Y, Z l cc cht hu c khc
nhau). Z l A. C6H5Cl.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. C6H5NO2.
D. C6H5ONa.
10/ un nng 13,875 gam mt ankyl clorua Y vi dung dch NaOH, tch b lp hu c, axit ha phn
cn li bng dung dch HNO3, nh tip vo dd AgNO3 thy to thnh 21,525 gam kt ta. CTPT ca Y l
A. C2H5Cl.
B. C3H7Cl.
C. C4H9Cl.
D. C5H11Cl.

BI 40: ANCOL
NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I/ Khi nim, phn loi
1/ Khi nim
.. Ancol l g? V d
minh ha?
..
..
..
2/ Phn loi
a/ Ancol no , n chc, mch h
.. VD c th? CT tng
.. qut?
..
b/ Ancol khng no, n chc, mch h
.. VD c th?
..
c/Ancol thm, n chc
.. TH no l ancol
.. thm n chc? VD
c th?
..
d/ Ancol vng no , n chc.
..

137

.. Th no l ancol
.. vng no n chc?
VD c th?
..
e/ Ancol a chc
..
.. Ancol a chc l g?
VD c th?
..
..
..
..
II/ ng phn, danh php
1/ ng phn:
..

Vi ancol no n th
.. t C my tr ln c
.. ng phn? Vit cc
ng phn ca ancol
.. C H O?
4 10
..
..
2/ Danh php
a/ Tn thng
..
.. Qui tc gi tn
thng?
b/ Tn thay th
..
Qui tc gi tn thay
.. th? Gi tn cc
.. ng phn trn?
..
..
..
III/ Tnh cht vt l
.. Nu vi c im vt
.. l ca ancol? Ti sao
ancol c nhit si
.. cao hn ete?

138

..
..
..
..
..
..
IV/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ Phn ng th H ca nhm OH
a/ Tnh cht chung ca ancol
Tc dng vi kim loi kim
.. VD minh ha vi
.. ancol n v a? gi
tn sn phm?
..
..
..
..
b/ Tnh cht c trng ca glixerol
.. VD c th? Gi tn
.. sn phm?
..
..
..
..
2/ Phn ng th nhm OH
a/ Phn ng vi axit v c
..
..

Ptpu chng minh?

..
..
b/ Phn ng vi ancol
..

iu kin phn ng?

.. gi tn sn phm?
..
..

139

3/ Phn ng tch nc
..

iu kin phn ng
.. gi tn sn phm to
.. thnh?
..
..
..
4/ Phn ng oxi ha
a/ Oxi ha khng hon ton
..
.. V d minh ha i
tng bc ru?
..
..
..
..
..
..
b/ Oxi ha hon ton
..
.. Ptpu t chy hon
tn ancol no, n?
.. VD c th?
V/ iu ch
1/ Phng php tng hp
a/ iu ch ancol n chc
..

Trnh by r rang
.. phng php tng
.. hp?
..
..
b/ iu ch glixerol
..
..

iu ch glixerol t
nguyn liu no v

140

.. cch no? Vit ptpu

.. chng minh?
..
..
2/ Phng php sinh ha
..
.. Nu qu trnh ln
.. men ru t tinh
bt? Phng trnh
..
phn ng?
VI/ ng dng (SGK)
1/ Vit CTCT cc ancol c tn gi sau:
a/ Ancol iso-propylic,
ancol etylic , ancol n-propylic,
etanol,
propan-1-ol.
.
b/ 3-metylbutan-1-ol, 2-metylbutan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol, 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
..
..
2/ Gi tn cc ancol sau theo danh php thay th.
a/ CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH; CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3.
..
..
b/ CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-OH; CH3OH, CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2OH
..
..
3/ Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:

a. CH3OH
+
Na

b. C3H5(OH)3
+
Na
c. ROH
+
HCl
0

d. C2H5OH

H 2SO4 , 140 C

e. C2H5OH

H 2SO4 , 170 C

f. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3

H 2SO4 , 170 C

g. C2H5OH

CuO

h. iso-C3H7OH

CuO

i. n-C3H7OH

CuO

k. C2H5OH

O2

l. CnH2n+1OH
+
O2
4/ T propen v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c cc cht sau: propan-2-ol
(1); propan-1,2-iol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
..
0

141

..
..
..
..
..
5/ Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc:
a/ Etanol, glixerol, nc v benzen.
..
..
..
..
..
..
b/ Phenol, etanol, glixerol, nc.
..
..
..
..
..
..
c/ Propan-1,2-iol; propan-1,3-iol.
..
..
..
..
..
d. Propan-1,2,3-triol; propan-1,3-iol; 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
..
..
..
..
..
..
6/ Cho 12,2 gam hn hp X gm etanol v propan-1-ol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,8 lt kh (kc).
a. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.

142

b. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7/ t chy hon ton 5,5 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol CH3OH v C2H5OH thu c 4,48 lt kh
CO2 (ktc) v m gam nc.
a. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
c. un nng hn hp X vi xc tc H2SO4 c nhit 1400C thu c hn hp 3 ete. Vit PTHH
ca cc phn ng xy ra.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8/ t chy hon ton 10,6 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol C2H5OH v n-C3H7OH. Ton b sn
phm chy thu c sc vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 50 gam kt ta v khi
lng bnh tng ln m gam.
a. Tnh khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp ban u.

143

b. Tnh gi tr m.
c. Cho hn hp X qua ng ng CuO un nng. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9/ Cho 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na
d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ancol.
b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10/ t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca X.
..
..

144

..
..
..
..
11/ un nng 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc, l ng ng k tip vi H2SO4 c 140OC,
thu c 12,5 gam hn hp 3 ete (h = 100%).
a. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 ancol.
b. Tnh % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp u.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1/ Dy ng ng ca ru etylic c cng thc tng qut l:
A. CnH2n+2OH(n 1). B. CnH2n-1OH(n 1).
C. CnH2n+1OH(n 1).
D. CnH2n-2O(n 1).
2/ Cho cc hp cht:
(1) CH3 CH2 OH
(2) CH3 C6H4 - OH
(3) CH3 C6H4 CH2 OH
(4) C6H5 - OH
(5) C6H5 CH2 OH
(6) C6H5 CH2 CH2 - OH
Nhng cht n o

r th
A. (2) v (3)
B. (3), (5) v (6)
C. (4), (5) v (6)
D. (1), (3), (5) v (6)
3/ Ch dng cc cht n o
c th phn bit hai n o ng phn c cng CTPT C3H7OH?
a.CuO, dd AgNO3/NH3
b.Na, H2SO4 c
c.Na, dd AgNO3/NH3
d.Na v CuO.
4/ S ng phn ancol ti a ng vi CTPT C3H8Ox l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. khng xc nh c

145

5/ Ancol X n chc, no, mch h c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 37. Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c
un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l
A. propan-2-ol. B. butan-2-ol.
C. butan-1-ol.
D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
6/ Bc ca ancol l
A. bc cacbon ln nht trong phn t.
B. bc ca cacbon lin kt vi nhm -OH.
C. s nhm chc c trong phn t.
D. s cacbon c trong phn t ancol.
7/ Bc ancol ca 2-metylbutan-2-ol l A. bc 4.
B. bc 1.
C. bc 2.
D. bc 3.
8/ Ancol etylic tan tt trong nc v c nhit si cao hn hn so vi ankan v cc dn xut halogen c
khi lng phn t xp x vi n v
A. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic tc dng vi Na.
B. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro vi nc.
C. Trong cc hp cht trn ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hiro lin phn t.
D. B v C u ng.
9/ Mt chai ng ancol etylic c nhn ghi 25o c ngha l
A. c 100 ml nc th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht. B. c 100 gam dd th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.
C. c 100 gam dd th c 25 gam ancol nguyn cht. D. c 75 ml nc th c 25 ml ancol nguyn cht.
10/ Pha a gam ancol etylic (d = 0,8 g/ml) vo nc c 80 ml ancol 25o. Gi tr a l
A. 16.
B. 25,6.
C. 32.
D. 40.
11/ Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CHCO)2O.
12/ Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2CH2OH. (b) HOCH2CH2CH2OH . (c) HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.
(d) CH3CH(OH)CH2OH.
(e) CH3CH2OH.
(f) CH3OCH2CH3. Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (a), (b), (c).
B. (c), (d), (f).
C. (a), (c), (d).
D. (c), (d), (e).
13/ Cho Na tc dng va vi 1,24 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H2
(kc). Khi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l
A. 2,4 gam.
B. 1,9 gam.
C. 2,85 gam.
D. 3,8 gam.
14/ Cho 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 4,6 gam Na
c 12,25 gam cht rn. l 2 ancol
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
15/ 13,8 gam ancol A tc dng vi Na d gii phng 5,04 lt H2 ktc, bit MA < 100. Vy A c cng
thc cu to thu gn l A. CH3OH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. C3H6(OH)2.
D. C3H5(OH)3.
16/ Ancol A tc dng vi Na d cho s mol H2 bng s mol A dng. t chy hon ton A c
mCO2 = 1,833mH2O. A c cu to thu gn l
A. C2H4(OH)2.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C3H5(OH)3.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
17/ un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng
thi cn bng thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.

BI 41: PHENOL
NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I/ Khi nim, phn loi
1/ Khi nim
.. Phenol l g? V d
.. minh ha?
..
..

146

..
..
2/ Phn loi
a/ Phenol n chc
..

Th no l phenol
n
chc? V d
..
minh ha?
..
..
..
b/ Phenol a chc
.. Th no l phenol
n chc? V d
..
minh ha?
..
II/ Phenol
1/ Cu to:
.. Vit CTCT ca
phenol
..
2/ Tnh cht vt l
.. Nu vi c im vt
l ca phenol?
..
..
3/ Tnh cht ha hc
a/ Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH
- Tc dng vi dung dch kim
Ptpu? Gi tn sn
..
phm?
..
-

Tc dng vi dung dch bazo

Ptpu? Gi tn sn
.. phm?
..
.. Gii thch1 v sao
.. phenol m ng tnh
cht ca 1 axit yu?
..
b/ Phn ng th nguyn t H ca vng benzene
..

Hin tng din ra?

.. Ptpu? Gi tn sn

147

.. phm? Gii thch v

.. sau phenol d pu vi
dd Br2 cn benzene
.. th khng?
..
4/ iu ch
..

Phenol c iu
.. ch nh th no
.. trong cng nghip?
Phng trnh phn
..
ng minh ha?
..
..
5/ ng dng (SGK)
Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. C6H5OH

Na

b. C6H5OH

KOH

c. C6H5OH

Br2

d. C6H5OH

HNO3 (c)

H 2SO4 (
c), t

2/ T benzen v cc ha cht n thit khc c th i u ch c cc cht sau: 2,4,6tribromphenol (1); 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2). Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
..
..
..
..
..
..

3/ Cho 14 gam hh A gm phenol v etanol tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc).

a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % mi cht trong hn hp A.
c. Cho 14 gam hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 () th thu c bao nhiu gam axit
picric (2,4,6-trinitrophenol).
..
..

148

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

4/ Cho hn hp A gm etanol v phenol tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cho

hn hp trn tc dng vi nc brom va thu c 19,86 gam kt ta trng.
a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1/ Cho cc hp cht sau : (I) CH3CH2OH. (II)C6H5OH. (III) NO2C6H4OH. Chn pht biu sai
A. C 3 cht u c nguyn t H linh ng.
B. C 3 u phn ng c vi dung dch baz iu kin thng.
C. Cht (III) c nguyn t H linh ng nht.
D. Th t linh ng ca nguyn t H c sp xp theo chiu nh sau : III > II > I.
2/ So vi etanol, nguyn t H trong nhm -OH ca phenol linh ng hn v :
A. Mt electron vng benzen tng ln, nht l cc v tr o v p.
B. Lin kt C-O ca phenol bn vng.
C. Trong phenol, cp electron cha tham gia lin kt ca nguyn t oxi tham gia lin
hp vo vng benzen lm lin kt -OH phn cc hn.
D. Phenol tc dng d dng vi nc brom to kt ta trng 2, 4, 6-tri brom phenol.

149

3/ C bao nhiu phn ng xy ra khi cho cc cht C6H5OH ; NaHCO3 ; NaOH ; HCl tc dng vi
nhau tng i mt ?A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
4/ Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dd NaCl, dd NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, axit axetic, dd NaOH.
C. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dd NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dd NaOH.
5/ Hin tng ln lt xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch HCl c vo ng nghim cha mt t
dung dch HCOONa v mt t dung dch C6H5ONa ri lc mnh l
A. C s phn lp ; dd trong sut ha c.
B. Dung dch trong sut ha c.
C. C phn lp ; dung dch trong sut.
D. Xut hin s phn lp c 2 ng nghim.
6/ nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong p/t phenol th hin qua p gia phenol vi
A. dd NaOH.
B. Na kim loi. C. nc Br2.
D. H2 (Ni, nung nng).
7/ Cho dy cc cht : phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong
dy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 2.
8/X l hn hp gm phenol v metanol. t chy hon ton X c nCO2 = nH2O. Vy % khi
lng metanol trong X l A. 25%. B. 59,5%.
C. 50,5%.
D. 20%.
9/ Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4.
Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc
loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.

BI 42:
LUYN TP- DN XUT HALOGEN, ANCOL V PHENOL
I/ Kin thc cn nm vng
DN XUT HALOGEN
CTTQ
Bc ca
nhm
chc

Th X
hoc
OH

Th H
ca
nhm
OH
Tch
HX
hoc
H2O
Th H

ANCOL NO, N CHC

PHENOL

150

vng
benzene

Oxi ha
k hon
ton

Oxh
hon
ton
iu
ch

II/ Bi tp:
1/ Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn cc ng phn ca ctptu sau:
a/ C4H9Cl

b/ ancol mch h C4H10O

c/ ancol mch h C4H8O

151

2/ Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia etylbromua vi

C2H5Br
NaOH un nng
NaOH + C2H5OH un nng
3/ Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia ancol etylic v phenol vi:
C2H5OH
C6H5OH
Na
NaOH
Br2
Dd
HNO3
4/ SGK
5/ Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau
a/ Metan axetilen etilen etanol axit axetic

b/ benzene brombenzen natriphenollat phenol 2,4,6-tribromphenol

6/ cho hn hp phenol v etanol tc dng vi natri d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (kc). Nu cho hn

hp trn tc dng vi dd Br2 va thu c 19,86g kt ta trng 2,4,6-tribromphenol.
a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra

152

b/ Tnh phn trm ttheo khi lng cc cht tron ghn hp ban u.

7/ SGK

CHNG 9 : ANDEHIT-XETON. AXIT CACBOXYLIC

BI 44: ANDEHIT-XETON
NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
A/ ANEHIT
I/ Khi nim, phn loi v danh php
1/ Khi nim
.. Anehit l g? V d
.. minh ha?
..
..
2/ Phn loi
.. Da vo c im
.. no phn loi
andehit? Cho bit
.. cng thc tng qut
.. ca andehit no, n
chc?
..
3/ Danh php
Tn thng
Qui tc chung

Tn thay th
Nu qui tc gi tn
thng v tn thay
th? V d minh

153

H-CHO

ha?

CH3-CHO
CH3CH2CHO
CH3[CH2]2CHO
CH3[CH2]3CHO
II/ c im cu to. Tnh cht vt l
1/ c im cu to
..

Cho bit cu to ca
.. nhm CHO?
..
..
2/ Tnh cht vt l
..

Nu vi vt l ca
.. andehit no, n?
..
..
..
III/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ Phn ng cng hidro
..

iu kin phn ng?

.. V d minh ha? PT
.. tng qut?
..
2/ Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton
..

Andehit oxi ha
.. c hp cht no?
.. Hin tng din ra?
Vit ptpu? Gi tn
.. sn phm?
..
..
IV/ iu ch
1/ T ancol
.. Ptpu?
..

154

..
2/ t hidrocacbon
..
.. Ptpu minh ha?
..
..
V/ ng dng (SGK)
B/ XETON ( GIM TI)
1/ Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thng:
HCHO, CH3CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CHCHO.

2/ Gi tn cc andehit sau theo danh php thay th:

HCHO, CH3CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH3CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO, CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CHO.

3/ Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau:

a/Andehit acrylic, andehit propionic, andehit axetic, 2-metylbutanal.

b/ 2,2-i et b t n
ndehit fo i
-i et pent n
ndehit ox i

4/ Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:

a. CH3CHO
+
AgNO3
+
NH3
b. RCHO
+
AgNO3
+
NH3

c. CH3CHO

H2

Ni, t

d. RCHO

H2

Ni, t

e. CHCH

H2O

Hg

xt

f. CH2=CH2
+
O2
5/ Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng:

Ancol etylic
, ancol iso-propylic,
ancol n-propylic,
andehit axetic

155

andehit fomic.
6/ Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. X c nh CTPT
ca anehit trong X.

7/ Cho 0,94 g hn hp hai anehit n chc, no, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag.
a. Xc nh CTPT ca hai anehit.
b. Tnh % theo khi lng mi andehit trong hn hp u.

156

8/ t chy hon ton 4,4 gam mt andehit X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Xc nh
CTPT ca X.

9/ Cho hn hp X gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H2 (Ni, t0), thu c hn hp Y. t

chy hon ton Y thu c 6,6 gam CO2 v 4,5 gam H2O.
a/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit trong X.
b/Tnh khi lng ca mi andehit trong hn hp X.

10/ Cho hn hp B gm 2 anhit no, n chc mch thng k tip nhau

trong dy ng ng. Khi cho 3,32 g hn hp B tc dng vi dd AgNO3/NH3
d- thu -c 10,8g Ag. Mt khc nu cho 3,32 g hn hp B tc dng H2 dc xc tc Ni nung nng thu -c hn hp hai r-u chia hn hp r-u ny
thnh hai phn bng nhau
-Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d- sinh ra V1 (l) H2 ( 27,30C, 1 atm)
-Phn 2 cho tc dng vi CH3COOH d- thu -c b(g) hn hp hai
este.
a/Tm CTPT v s mol ca mi anhit trong B
b/Tm V1 v b

157

11/ Chia 23,6g hh 2 ankanal A, B lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho
tc dng va 3,36(l) H2 ( 00C v 2 atm). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dd
AgNO3/NH3 da/Xc nh A v B bit rng B hn A 2 nguyn t cacbon
b/Tnh khi l-ng Ag thu -c phn 2?

158

1/ (CH3)2CHCHO c tn l

A. isobutyranehit.
B. anehit isobutyric.
C. 2-metyl propanal.
D. A, B, C u ng.
2/ CTPT ca ankanal c 10,345% H theo khi lng l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. C2H5CHO.
D. C3H7CHO.
3/ Anehit A (ch cha mt loi nhm chc) c %C v %H (theo khi lng) ln lt l 55,81 v 6,97.
Ch ra pht biu sai
A. A l anehit hai chc.
B. A cn c ng phn l cc axit cacboxylic.
C. A l anehit no.
D. Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t A ch cho 2 electron.
4/ Trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut, 1 lt hi anehit A c khi lng = khi lng 1 lt CO2. A l
A. anehit fomic.
B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit acrylic.
D. anehit benzoic.
5/ Anehit a chc A chy hon ton cho mol CO2 - mol H2O = mol A. A l
A. anehit no, mch h. B. anehit cha no.
C. anehit thm
D. anehit no, mch vng.
6/ CH3CHO c th to thnh trc tip t
A. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. C2H2.
C. C2H5OH.
D. Tt c u ng.
7/ Qu trnh no sau y khng to ra anehit axetic ?
A. CH2=CH2+ H2O (to, xc tc HgSO4).
B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (to, xc tc).
o
C. CH3COOCH=CH2 + dung dch NaOH (t ).
D. CH3CH2OH + CuO (t0).
8/ Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l
A. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2.
D. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4.
9/Ch dng 1 ha cht no sau y phn bit cc dung dch : ancol etylic, glixerol, fomalin ?
A. Cu(OH)2 , toC. B. Na.
C. AgNO3 / NH3.
D. A, B, C u ng.
10/ Hiro ha hon ton 2,9 gam mt anehit A c 3,1 gam ancol. A c cng thc phn t l
A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C2H2O2.
11/ Th tch H2 (0oC v 2 atm) va tc dng vi 11,2 gam anehit acrylic l
A. 4,48 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 0,448 lt.
D. 0,336 lt.
12/ Cho 14,6 gam hh 2 anehit n chc, no lin tip tc dng ht vi H2 to 15,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol.
a. Tng s mol 2 ancol l A. 0,2 mol.
B. 0,4 mol.
C. 0,3 mol.
D. 0,5 mol.
b. Khi lng anehit c KLPT ln hn l
A. 6 gam.
B. 10,44 gam.
C. 5,8 gam.
D. 8,8 gam.
13/ Cho 7 gam cht A cCTPT C4H6O tc dng vi H2 d c xc tc to thnh 5,92gam ancol isobutylic.
a. Tn ca A lA. 2-metyl propenal. B. 2-metylpropanal. C. but-2-en-1-ol D. but-2-en-1-al.
b. Hiu sut ca phn ng l A. 85%.
B. 75%.
C. 60%
D. 80%
14/ Oxi ha 1,76 gam mt anehit n chc c 2,4 gam mt axit tng ng. Anehit l
A. anehit acrylic.
B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit propionic. D. anehit fomic.
15/ Oxi ha 17,4 gam mt anehit n chc c 16,65 gam axit tng ng (H = 75%). Anehit c cng
thc phn t l A. CH2O.
B. C2H4O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H4O

BI 45: AXIT CACBOXYLIC

NI DUNG BI HC
CU HI GI
I/ Khi nim, phn loi v danh php
1/ Khi nim
.. Axit cacboxyl lic l
.. g? VD minh ha?
..

159

..
2/ Phn loi
a/ Axit no, n chc, mch h
.. TH no l axit no,
n, mch h?
.. CTTQ?
..
..
..
b/ Axit khng no, n chc, mch h
.. VD Minh ha?
..
c/ Axit thm, n chc
..
..
d/ Axit a chc
..
..

VD minh ha?

VD minh ha?

..
..
3/ Danh php
Tn thng

Tn thay th

Qui tc chung

Nu qui tc gi tn
thng v tn thay
th?

H-COOH
CH3-COOH
CH3CH2COOH
CH3[CH2]2COOH
CH3[CH2]3COOH
II/ c im cu to
..

Nu cu to ca
.. nhm COOH?
..
..
III/ Tnh cht vt l

160

..
.. Nu vi vt l axit
no n? S lin kt
.. hidro trong phn t?
..
..
..
..
IV/ Tnh cht ha hc
1/ Tnh axit
a/ Trong dung dch axit cacboxylic phn li thun nghch
.. Phng trnh phn
li?
..
b/ Tc dng vi bazo, oxit bazo to mui
.. VD minh ha?
..
..
c/ Tc dng vi mui
.. VD minh ha?
..
..
d/ Tc dng vi nhng kim loi ng trc H2 mui + H2
.. VD minh ha?
..
2/ Phn ng th nhm OH
.. iu kin phn ng?
.. Sn phm to thnh?
VD minh ha?
..
..
..
V/ iu ch
Ptpu?
1/ Phng php ln men gim
..
..
..
VD minh ha?
2/ Oxi ha andehit axetic
..

161

..
3/ Oxi ha ankan
.. VD minh ha?
..
..
..
4/ T methanol
..
.. VD minh ha?
V/ ng dng (SGK)

I/ T lun:
1/ Gi tn cc axit sau theo danh php thng:
HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH2=C(CH3) COOH, HOOC-COOH.

2/ Vit CTCT cc andehit c tn gi sau:

a/ Axit acrylic, axit propionic, axit axetic, axit -2-metylbutanoic.

b/ Axit - 2,2-imetylbutanoic, axit fomic, axit - 3,4-imetylpentanoic, axit oxalic.

3/ Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:

a. CH3COOH
+
Na

b. HCOOH
+
KOH
0

c. CH3COOH

C2H5OH

d. RCOOH

ROH

H3SO4 (
c), t C

H3SO4 (
c), t C

men gim

e. C2H5OH
+
O2
4/ Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc cht hu c tng ng:
Etyl axetat,.
axit axetic, .
axit fomic..
5/ Hon thnh chui phn ng sau:
(1)

a. Metan

(2)
(3)
(4)
metanol
metanal
axit fomic.
metyl clorua

162

(1)
(2)
(3)
b/ Etanol
andehit axetic
axit axetic
etyl axetat.

(1)
(2)
c/ Propen
propan-2-ol
axeton.

(1)
(2)
(3)
andehit axetic
axit axetic
etyl axetat.
d/ Etilen

6/ Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc:

a/ Andehit axetic, axit axetic, glixerol v etanol.

b/ Axit fomic, andehit axetic, axit axetic, ancol etylic

c/ Propan-1-ol, propan-1,2-iol, andehit axetic, axit axetic.

163

7/ T metan v cc ha cht v c cn thit khc c th iu ch c axit fomic v axit axetic. Vit

PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.

8/ Trung ha 16,6 gam hn hp axit axetic v axit fomic bng dung dch natri hiroxit thu c 23,2 gam
hn hp hai mui. Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng mi axit trong hn hp u.

9/ trung ha 20ml dung dch ca mt axit hu c no n chc cn

dng 30ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M
a/Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch axit
b/C cn dung dch trung ha thu -c 1,44g mui khan. Xc
nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn axit

164

10/ trung ha hon ton 7,4g hn hp hai axit hu c l ng ng

ca axit fomic c s mol bng nhau th cn 200ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M
a/Xc nh CTCT ca 2 axit
b/Nu c cn dung dch trung ha th thu -c bao nhiu gam
mui khan .

11/ Cho 3,15g mt h/ hp gm axit acrylic, axetic, propionic lm mt

mu hon ton dung dch cha 3,2 g brom. trung ha hon ton 3,15 g

165

cng hn hp trn cn 90ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tnh khi l-ng ca
tng axit trong h/ hp
12/ Cho 6,6g hh gm axit axetic v 1 axit n chc B tc dng ht vi
dd KOH thu -c 10,4g hh 2 mui
a/ Tnh tng s mol 2 axit dng
b/ Cho bit s mol 2 axit bng nhau .Xc ng CTCT ca B
c/Khi nung nng /hp mui trn vi KOH d- ta thu -c hh kh
.Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp kh

13/ . Hn hp X c khi lng 10g gm axit axetic v anehit axetic. Cho X tc dng vi lng
d dd AgNO3 trong amoniac thy c 21,6g Ag kt ta. trung ha X cn Vml dd NaOH 0,2M.
Gi tr ca V bng bao nhiu?

166

1/ un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn
ng este ho bng 50%). Tnh khi lng este to thnh.

II/ Trc nghim

1/ CTGN ca mt axit hu c X l CHO. t chy 1 mol X thu c di 6 mol CO2. CTCT ca X l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH.
C. HOOCCH=CHCOOH.
D. Kt qu khc
2/ Hp cht CH3CH2(CH3)CH2CH2CH(C2H5)COOH c tn quc t l
A. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl hexanoic.
B. axit 2-etyl-5-metyl nonanoic.
C. axit 5-etyl-2-metyl hexanoic.
D. tn gi khc.
3/ Gim n l dung dch axit axetic c nng l
A. 2% 5%.
B. 59%.
C. 912%.
D. 1215%.
4/ Axit axetic tc dng c vi dung dch no ?
A. natri etylat.
B. amoni cacbonat.
C. natri phenolat.
D. C A, B, C.
5/ Trong dy ng ng ca cc axit n chc no, HCOOH l axit c mnh trung bnh, cn li l axit
yu (in li khng hon ton). Dung dch axit axetic c nng 0,001 mol/l c pH l
A. 3 < pH < 7.
B. < 3.
C. 3.
D. 10-3
6/ Th t sp xp theo s tng dn tnh axit ca CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CO2 v C6H5OH l
A. C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH < C2H5OH.
B. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2 < C2H5OH.

167

C. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CO2 < CH3COOH.

D. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH < CO2.
7/ t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic c mol CO2 = mol H2O. X gm
A. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc.
B. 1 axit no, 1 axit cha no.
C. 2 axit n chc no mch vng
D. 2 axit no, mch h n chc.
8/ trung ha 0,2 mol hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic cn 0,3 mol NaOH. X gm c
A. 2 axit cng dy ng ng.
B. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit hai chc.
C. 2 axit a chc.
D. 1 axit n chc, 1 axit a chc.
9/ t chy hon ton axit cacboxylic A bng lng va oxi c hn hp (kh v hi) c t khi so
vi H2 l 15,5. A l axit
A. n chc no, mch h
B. n chc c 1 ni i (C = C), mch h.
C. a chc no, mch h.
D. axit no,mch h, hai chc,
10/t chy ht 1 th tch hi axit A thu c 2 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin, A l
A. HCOOH.
B. HOOCCOOH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. B v C ng.
11/ Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l
A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH.
C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO.
12/ Ch ra th t tng dn nhit si ca cc cht ?
A. CH3CHO; C2H5OH ; CH3COOH.
C. C2H5OH ; CH3COOH ; CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO ;CH3COOH ; C2H5OH.
D. CH3COOH ; C2H5OH ; CH3CHO.
13/ Mun trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit hu c A cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. A l
A. CH3COOH.
B. CH3CH2COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. CH2=CHCOOH.
14/ trung ha 40 ml gim n cn 25 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit khi lng ring ca gim l 1
g/ml. Vy mu gim n ny c nng l
A. 3,5%.
B. 3,75%.
C. 4%.
D. 5%.
15/ Trung ha 9 gam axit cacbonxylic A bng NaOH va c cn dung dch c 13,4 gam mui khan.
A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C2H2O4.
C. C3H4O2.
D. C4H6O4.
16/ Trung ha 2,7 gam axit cacboxylic A cn va 60 ml dd NaOH 1M. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C2H4O2.
B. C3H4O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C2H2O4.
17/ Trung ha hon ton 1,8 gam mt axit hu c n chc bng dung dch NaOH va ri c cn
dung dch sau phn ng c 2,46 gam mui khan. Axit l
A. HCOOH.
B. CH2=CHCOOH.
C. CH3CH2COOH.
D. CH3COOH.
18/ Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH
0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H5COOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCOOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
19/ A v B l 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Trn 1,2 gam A vi 5,18 gam B c hn hp X. trung ha
ht X cn 90 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. A, B ln lt l
A. Axit propionic, axit axetic.
B. axit axetic, axit propionic.
C. Axit acrylic, axit propionic.
D. Axit axetic, axit acrylic.
20/ Cho 2,46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH tc dng va vi 400 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l
A. 3,54 gam.
B. 4,46 gam.
C. 5,32 gam.
D. 11,26 gam.
21/ Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca
axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. HCCCOOH.
D. CH3CH2COOH.
22/ t chy hon ton mt axit A thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,15 mol H2O. A c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H4O4.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H6O4.
D. C5H8O4.
23/ t chy hon ton 4,38 gam mt axit E no, mch thng thu c 4,032 lt CO2 (kc) v 2,7 gam
H2O. CTCT ca E l

168

A. CH3COOH.
C. HOOC(CH2)4COOH.

B. C17H35COOH.
D. CH2=C(CH3)COOH.

BI 46:
LUYN TP- ANDHIT-XETON. AXIT CACBOXYLIC
I/ Kin thc cn nm vng
Cng thc
tng qut
Tnh cht ha
hc

iu ch

ANDEHIT NO N

AXIT NO N

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..
..
..

II/ Bi tp
1/ 214 SGK

169

2/ Bng pp ha hc hy phn bit cc dd sau: CH3CHO, CH3COOH, C3H5(OH)3 C2H5OH?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3/ Dn hn hp X gm axetilen v andehit axetic vo dd AgNO3/ dd NH3 thy to kt ta gm 2 cht. Ly
kt ta cho vo dd HCl d thy c kh bay ln v cn mt phn khng tan Y. Ha tan Y trong dung dch
HNO3 c thy c kh mu nu bay ln. Vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra gii thch cc th
nghim trn?

.
.
.
.
.
4/ Cho 1gam axit axetic vo ng nghim th nht v 1g axit fomic vo ng nghim th 2, sau cho vo
c 2 ng nghim mt lng d bt CaCO3. n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th th tch kh CO2 sinh ra
(o cng k)
a/ t 2 ng nghim bng nhau
b/ t ng nghim th nht nhiu hn ng nghim th 2
c/ t ng nghim th 2 nhiu hn ng nghim th 1
d/ t mi ng nghim u ln hn 2,24l.
Kt lun:

.
.
.
.
5/ Dn hn hp A c khi lng 10gam gm axetilen v andehit axetic vo dd AgNO3/ dd NH3 thy to
21,6gam kt ta . trung ha A cn Vml dung dch NaOH 0,20M
a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
b/ Tnh phn trm khi ng cc cht trong dung dch v th tch dd NaOH dung?

.
.

170

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6/ Hon thnh dy chuyn ha sau:

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7/ Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O tc dng c vi dd AgNO3/ dd NH3. Cng thc ng ca X
l g?

.
.
8/ Cho dd cha 0,58gam cht hu c X n chc tc dng vi mt lng d dd AgNO3/ dd NH3 thy to
21,6gam kt ta . Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to v gi tn X?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

171

9/ Axit fomic tc dng vi mt lng d dd AgNO3/ dd NH3 thy to kt ta bc kim loi. Da vo cng
thc cu to gii thch v vit phng trnh ha hc din ra.

.
.
.
.
10/ Dn hi ca 3gam etanol vo ng s nung nng cha bt CuO d. Lm lnh ngng t sn phm
hi i ra khi ng s , c cht lng A. Khi A tc dng vi mt lng d dd AgNO3/ dd NH3 thy
8,1gam kt ta bc kim loi. Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh oxi ha etanol?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.